Marco Rasori, Andrea Saracino, Paolo Mori, Marco Tiloca
{"title":"Using the ACE framework to enforce access and usage control with notifications of revoked access rights","authors":"Marco Rasori, Andrea Saracino, Paolo Mori, Marco Tiloca","doi":"10.1007/s10207-024-00877-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00877-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The standard ACE framework provides authentication and authorization mechanisms similar to those of the standard OAuth 2.0 framework, but it is intended for use in Internet-of-Things environments. In particular, ACE relies on OAuth 2.0, CoAP, CBOR, and COSE as its core building blocks. In ACE, a non-constrained entity called Authorization Server issues Access Tokens to Clients according to some access control and policy evaluation mechanism. An Access Token is then consumed by a Resource Server, which verifies the Access Token and lets the Client accordingly access a protected resource it hosts. Access Tokens have a validity which is limited over time, but they can also be revoked by the Authorization Server before they expire. In this work, we propose the Usage Control framework as an underlying access control means for the ACE Authorization Server, and we assess its performance in terms of time required to issue and revoke Access Tokens. Moreover, we implement and evaluate a method relying on the Observe extension for CoAP, which allows to notify Clients and Resource Servers about revoked Access Tokens. Through results obtained in a real testbed, we show how this method reduces the duration of illegitimate access to protected resources following the revocation of an Access Token, as well as the time spent by Clients and Resource Servers to learn about their Access Tokens being revoked.</p>","PeriodicalId":50316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Information Security","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141571849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Süleyman Muhammed Arıkan, Aynur Koçak, Mustafa Alkan
{"title":"Automating shareable cyber threat intelligence production for closed source software vulnerabilities: a deep learning based detection system","authors":"Süleyman Muhammed Arıkan, Aynur Koçak, Mustafa Alkan","doi":"10.1007/s10207-024-00882-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00882-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Software can be vulnerable to various types of interference. The production of cyber threat intelligence for closed source software requires significant effort, experience, and many manual steps. The objective of this study is to automate the process of producing cyber threat intelligence, focusing on closed source software vulnerabilities. To achieve our goal, we have developed a system called cti-for-css. Deep learning algorithms were used for detection. To simplify data representation and reduce pre-processing workload, the study proposes the function-as-sentence approach. The MLP, OneDNN, LSTM, and Bi-LSTM algorithms were trained using this approach with the SOSP and NDSS18 binary datasets, and their results were compared. The aforementioned datasets contain buffer error vulnerabilities (CWE-119) and resource management error vulnerabilities (CWE-399). Our results are as successful as the studies in the literature. The system achieved the best performance using Bi-LSTM, with F1 score of 82.4%. Additionally, AUC score of 93.0% was acquired, which is the best in the literature. The study concluded by producing cyber threat intelligence using closed source software. Shareable intelligence was produced in an average of 0.1 s, excluding the detection process. Each record, which was represented using our approach, was classified in under 0.32 s on average.</p>","PeriodicalId":50316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Information Security","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141571956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rudri Kalaria, A. S. M. Kayes, Wenny Rahayu, Eric Pardede, Ahmad Salehi Shahraki
{"title":"Adaptive context-aware access control for IoT environments leveraging fog computing","authors":"Rudri Kalaria, A. S. M. Kayes, Wenny Rahayu, Eric Pardede, Ahmad Salehi Shahraki","doi":"10.1007/s10207-024-00866-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00866-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing use of the Internet of Things (IoT) has driven the demand for enhanced and robust access control methods to protect resources from unauthorized access. A cloud-based access control approach brings significant challenges in terms of communication overhead, high latency, and complete reliance. In this paper, we propose a Fog-Based Adaptive Context-Aware Access Control (FB-ACAAC) framework for IoT devices, dynamically adjusting access policies based on contextual information to prevent unauthorised resource access. The main purpose of FB-ACAAC is to provide adaptability to changing access behaviors and context by bringing decision-making and information about policies closer to the end nodes of the network. FB-ACAAC improves the availability of resources and reduces the amount of time for information to be processed. FB-ACAAC extends the widely used eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) to manage access control decisions. Traditional XACML-based methods do not take into account changing environments, different contexts, and changing access behaviors and are vulnerable to certain types of attacks. To address these issues, FB-ACAAC proposes an adaptive context-aware XACML scheme for heterogeneous distributed IoT environments using fog computing and is designed to be context-aware, adaptable, and secure in the face of unauthorised access. The effectiveness of this new scheme is verified through experiments, and it has a low processing time overhead while providing extra features and improved security.</p>","PeriodicalId":50316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Information Security","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shirin Abbasi, Navid Khaledian, Amir Masoud Rahmani
{"title":"Trust management in the internet of vehicles: a systematic literature review of blockchain integration","authors":"Shirin Abbasi, Navid Khaledian, Amir Masoud Rahmani","doi":"10.1007/s10207-024-00878-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00878-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) promises to revolutionize transportation in smart cities, but its interconnectedness raises critical security and privacy concerns. Limited computational power, diverse network technologies, and many sensors and vehicles challenge data integrity and trust in data exchange. Existing solutions, often dependent on specific environments and protocols, struggle to address these issues across the entire IoV ecosystem. This paper explores the potential of blockchain technology to address these challenges. We argue that blockchain’s immutability and decentralization offer a unique solution for trust management in various IoV environments. We review existing blockchain-based algorithms and models proposed for IoV integration and propose a novel taxonomy to categorize these approaches. This taxonomy will help us analyze effective parameters, implementation methods, and evaluation metrics in the reviewed literature. According to our research, the most critical evaluation parameter for blockchain-based methods is time, including system-level service-related time parameters and solution implementation time, and 38% of existing papers simulated the approach using Hyperledger. Additionally, we will identify key challenges from integrating blockchain into the IoV landscape. By providing a comprehensive review and analysis of blockchain-based trust management solutions for IoV, this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing development of secure and reliable intelligent transportation systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":50316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Information Security","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco T. Chimuco, Joāo B. F. Sequeiros, Tiago M. C. Simōes, Mário M. Freire, Pedro R. M. Inácio
{"title":"Expediting the design and development of secure cloud-based mobile apps","authors":"Francisco T. Chimuco, Joāo B. F. Sequeiros, Tiago M. C. Simōes, Mário M. Freire, Pedro R. M. Inácio","doi":"10.1007/s10207-024-00880-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00880-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The adoption and popularity of mobile devices by end-users is partially driven by the increasing development and availability of mobile applications that can aid solving different problems and provide access to services in a wide range of domains or categories, namely healthcare, education, e-commerce or entertainment. While these applications use and benefit from the combination of a wide panoply of technologies from the Internet of Things, fog and cloud computing, data security and privacy are typically not fully taken into account before the creation of many mobile applications or during the software development phases. This paper presents an in-depth approach to modeling attacks on the specific <i>cloud and mobile ecosystem</i>, given its importance in the process of secure application development. Moreover, aiming at bridging the knowledge gap between developers and security experts, this paper presents an alpha version of the security by design for cloud and mobile ecosystem (<span>secD4CloudMobile</span>) framework. <span>secD4CloudMobile</span> is a set of tools that covers <i>cloud and mobile security requirement elicitation</i> (CMSRE), <i>cloud and mobile security best practices guidelines</i> (CMSBPG), <i>cloud mobile attack modeling elicitation</i> (CMAME), and <i>cloud mobile security test specification and tools</i> (CM2ST). The purpose of the framework is to provide cloud and mobile application developers useful readily applicable information and guidelines, striving to bring security engineering and software engineering closer, in a more accessible and automated manner, aiming at the incorporation of security by construction. Finally, the paper presents some preliminary results and discussion.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":50316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Information Security","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei She, Haige Feng, Zhao Tian, Xinpeng Rong, Tianxiang Ma, Wei Liu
{"title":"Multi-party codebook distribution strategy based on secret sharing","authors":"Wei She, Haige Feng, Zhao Tian, Xinpeng Rong, Tianxiang Ma, Wei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10207-024-00873-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00873-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper addresses the issue of secure distribution of codebooks in the field of information security, particularly in the domain of covert communication. We propose a codebook distribution technique based on secret sharing. Secret sharing is a method of dividing and storing secrets that can withstand certain levels of external intrusion and internal deception. In this technique, the sender encrypts the codebook using a private key and uploads it to the IPNS. Each recipient can then obtain the public key for downloading the codebook through a mechanism based on password-protected secret sharing. Based on experimental results and security analysis, the scheme exhibits high time efficiency and stable memory usage. Furthermore, it can withstand various attacks, ensuring the security of codebook transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":50316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Information Security","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gaming the system: tetromino-based covert channel and its impact on mobile security","authors":"Efstratios Vasilellis, Vasileios Botsos, Argiro Anagnostopoulou, Dimitris Gritzalis","doi":"10.1007/s10207-024-00875-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00875-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trojan droppers consistently emerge as challenging malware threats, particularly within the Android ecosystem. Traditional malware detection approaches focus on identifying payloads upon execution or intercepting malicious downloads from compromised sources. Despite efforts to harden network defenses against such droppers, malicious threat actors keep exploring unconventional infiltration approaches. This study expands on covert channel attacks, proposing the use of gaming platforms, like the classic Tetris arcade game, as a novel vector for malicious payload delivery. Our methodology diverges from conventional network-based attacks by embedding malicious payloads within the game’s Tetromino pieces. Through a custom-made application that masquerades as a benign Tetris variant, we deliver and execute malicious payloads on target devices within 3 to 7 min. This is achieved by combining the Shikata-Ga-Nai polymorphic encoder, an autosuggestion algorithm, and mapping Tetromino blocks to a Meterpreter payload to innovatively deliver malicious payloads via gameplay suggestions. Our work provides a novel covert channel attack which merges gamification with malicious payload delivery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that introduces gamification and autosuggestion mechanisms for payload delivery. We present an in-depth analysis of the proposed attack, along with a number of countermeasures to mitigate such threats, emphasizing the importance of enhanced user awareness and human oversight during dynamic malware analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Information Security","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acnn: arbitrary trace attacks based on leakage area detection","authors":"Chong Xiao, Ming Tang","doi":"10.1007/s10207-024-00874-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00874-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deep Learning-based Side-Channel Analysis (DL-SCA) has emerged as a powerful method in the field of side-channel analysis. Current works on DL-SCA primarily rely on publicly available datasets, which typically consist of well-organized and well-aligned training and attack sets. However, this disregards the challenges faced in real-world attacks, where the attack traces are not well-aligned with the training traces as attackers have different levels of control over profiling and attack devices. A network that is capable of identifying areas of leakage and subsequently predicting the leaked values can bypass such difficulty. Therefore, we proposed Arbitrary Trace Attacks, which are placed under the flexible scenario that provides training traces and attack traces with arbitrary sizes. To implement such attacks, we present the Arbitrary Convolutional Neural Network (ACNN), which scans the input trace of arbitrary sizes for leakage area identification and leakage value prediction using a sliding window. Experimental evaluation is conducted on two datasets DPAv4.2 and ASCAD to verify the effectiveness of our approach on unprotected and masked implementation respectively. As a result, the target leakage areas are detected with a significant frequency and the key recovery performance is on par with state-of-the-art. Moreover, the trained model shows the potential for detecting leakage in a general context, that is, detecting leakage of key bytes other than the target one.</p>","PeriodicalId":50316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Information Security","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Hatzivasilis, Eftychia Lakka, Manos Athanatos, Sotiris Ioannidis, Grigoris Kalogiannis, Manolis Chatzimpyrros, George Spanoudakis, Spyros Papastergiou, Stylianos Karagiannis, Andreas Alexopoulos, Dimitry Amelin, Stephan Kiefer
{"title":"Swarm-intelligence for the modern ICT ecosystems","authors":"George Hatzivasilis, Eftychia Lakka, Manos Athanatos, Sotiris Ioannidis, Grigoris Kalogiannis, Manolis Chatzimpyrros, George Spanoudakis, Spyros Papastergiou, Stylianos Karagiannis, Andreas Alexopoulos, Dimitry Amelin, Stephan Kiefer","doi":"10.1007/s10207-024-00869-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00869-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Digitalization is continuing facilitating our daily lives. The world is interconnected as never before, bringing close people, businesses, or other organizations. However, hackers are also coming close. New business and operational models require the collection and processing of massive amounts of data in real-time, involving utilization of complex information systems, large supply-chains, personal devices, etc. These impose several advantages for adversaries on the one hand (e.g., poorly protected or monitored elements, slow fashion of security updates/upgrades in components that gain little attention, etc.), and many difficulties for defenders on the other hand (e.g., administrate large and complex systems with high dynamicity) in this cyber-security interplay. Impactful attacks on ICT systems, critical infrastructures, and supply networks, as well as cyber-warfare are deriving the necessity for more effective defensives. This paper presents a swarm-intelligence solution for incident handling and response. Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is continuously integrated in the system (i.e., MISP, CVEs, STIX, etc.), and Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) are incorporated in the risk assessment and event evaluation processes. Several incident handling and response sub-procedures are automated, improving effectiveness and decreasing response time. Information concerning identified malicious activity is circulated back to the community (i.e., via the MISP information sharing platform) in an open loop. The proposal is applied in the supply-chain of healthcare organizations in Europe (considering also EU data protection regulations). Nevertheless, it is a generic solution that can be applied in any domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":50316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Information Security","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A dynamic C-V2X anonymous authentication and group key agreement protocol","authors":"Beibei Cui, Wei He, Yan Cui","doi":"10.1007/s10207-024-00876-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00876-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At present, in addressing security challenges within 5 G-era Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET), a new protocol has been designed in this paper, named V2X-GKA (Dynamic Group Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol based on C-V2X). V2X-GKA utilizes cryptographic techniques such as ECDLP and DBDH to effectively mitigate risks associated with certificate forgery and key theft. Through the integration of authentication and group key agreement mechanisms, the protocol facilitates dynamic member management and secure key updates without necessitating complete protocol re-execution. This approach not only ensures both forward and backward security but also optimizes algorithmic processes, rendering it highly suitable for real-time, high-speed mobile environments. Through necessary security analysis, it is confirmed that the V2X-GKA scheme in this paper meets the existing security objectives. Compared with other similar schemes, it exhibits a certain degree of completeness and superiority, particularly in open-channel scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":50316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Information Security","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141530294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}