Infrastructures最新文献

Evaluation of Pigment-Modified Clear Binders and Asphalts: An Approach towards Sustainable, Heat Harvesting, and Non-Black Pavements 评估颜料改性透明粘合剂和沥青：实现可持续、热量收集和非黑色路面的方法

Infrastructures Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9050088

Gul Badin, Naveed Ahmad, Ying Huang, Yasir Mahmood

{"title":"Evaluation of Pigment-Modified Clear Binders and Asphalts: An Approach towards Sustainable, Heat Harvesting, and Non-Black Pavements","authors":"Gul Badin, Naveed Ahmad, Ying Huang, Yasir Mahmood","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9050088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9050088","url":null,"abstract":"Pavement construction practices have evolved due to increasing environmental impact and urban heat island (UHI) effects, as pavements, covering over 30% of urban areas, contribute to elevated air temperatures. This study introduces heat-reflective pavements, by replacing conventional black bitumen with a clear binder and pigment-modified clear binders. Titanium dioxide white, zinc ferrite yellow, and iron oxide red pigments are used to give asphalt corresponding shades. The asphalt and bitumen specimens were subjected to thermal analysis in heat sinks, under varying solar fluxes. The pigment dosage was maintained at 4%, according to the weight of the total mix, for all pigment types. The samples were heated and cooled for 3 h and 2 h, respectively. Mechanical testing was conducted to ascertain the impact of temperature variations on both the neat clear binder (C.B) and pigmented C.B and asphalt mixture samples. Wheel tracking and dynamic modulus tests were conducted to evaluate their performance under high temperatures. The results indicate that non-black asphalt mixtures exhibit significant temperature reductions, up to 9 °C, which are further enhanced by pigmented binders, up to 11 °C. It was found that asphalt with a clear or transparent binder demonstrated lower temperatures and faster heat dissipation in extreme conditions. Moreover, C.B asphalt mixtures displayed a rut resistance of 15%, with the pigmented C.B asphalt mixture showing a remarkable rut resistance of 73%, outperforming conventional asphalt. Non-black mixtures, especially C.B + zinc ferrite, showed improved resistance to permanent deformation in dynamic modulus tests.","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140963865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Traffic Flow Optimization at Toll Plaza Using Proactive Deep Learning Strategies 利用前瞻性深度学习策略优化收费广场的交通流量

Infrastructures Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9050087

Habib Talha Hashmi, Sameer Ud-Din, Muhammad Asif Khan, Jamal Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Arshad, M. Hassan

{"title":"Traffic Flow Optimization at Toll Plaza Using Proactive Deep Learning Strategies","authors":"Habib Talha Hashmi, Sameer Ud-Din, Muhammad Asif Khan, Jamal Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Arshad, M. Hassan","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9050087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9050087","url":null,"abstract":"Global urbanization and increasing traffic volume have intensified traffic congestion throughout transportation infrastructure, particularly at toll plazas, highlighting the critical need to implement proactive transportation infrastructure solutions. Traditional toll plaza management approaches, often relying on manual interventions, suffer from inefficiencies that fail to adapt to dynamic traffic flow and are unable to produce preemptive control strategies, resulting in prolonged queues, extended travel times, and adverse environmental effects. This study proposes a proactive traffic control strategy using advanced technologies to combat toll plaza congestion and optimize traffic management. The approach involves deep learning convolutional neural network models (YOLOv7–Deep SORT) for vehicle counting and an extended short-term memory model for short-term arrival rate prediction. When projected arrival rates exceed a threshold, the strategy proactively activates variable speed limits (VSLs) and ramp metering (RM) strategies during peak hours. The novelty of this study lies in its predictive and adaptive capabilities, ensuring efficient traffic flow management. Validated through a case study at Ravi Toll Plaza Lahore using PTV VISSIMv7, the proposed method reduces queue length by 57% and vehicle delays by 47% while cutting fuel consumption and pollutant emissions by 28.4% and 34%, respectively. Additionally, by identifying the limitations of conventional approaches, this study presents a novel framework alongside the proposed strategy to bridge the gap between theory and practice, making it easier for toll plaza operators and transportation authorities to adopt and benefit from advanced traffic management techniques. Ultimately, this study underscores the importance of integrated and proactive traffic control strategies in enhancing traffic management, minimizing congestion, and fostering a more sustainable transportation system.","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Track Deterioration Model—State of the Art and Research Potentials 轨道退化模型--最新技术和研究潜力

Infrastructures Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9050086

Ursula Ehrhart, Dieter Knabl, Stefan Marschnig

引用次数: 0

Microstructural and Residual Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Waste Copper Slag as Fine Aggregate Exposed to Ambient and Elevated Temperatures 以废铜渣为细骨料的自密实混凝土在常温和高温下的微观结构和残余特性

Infrastructures Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9050085

Bypaneni Krishna Chaitanya, Ilango Sivakumar, Yellinedi Madhavi, Daniel Cruze, C. Venkatesh, Yenigandla Naga Mahesh, Chereddy Sonali Sri Durga

{"title":"Microstructural and Residual Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Waste Copper Slag as Fine Aggregate Exposed to Ambient and Elevated Temperatures","authors":"Bypaneni Krishna Chaitanya, Ilango Sivakumar, Yellinedi Madhavi, Daniel Cruze, C. Venkatesh, Yenigandla Naga Mahesh, Chereddy Sonali Sri Durga","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9050085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9050085","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, with rapid development in the construction sector, the use of enormous amounts of materials is required for the production of concrete. Fire penetrates concrete, leading to chemical contamination, small cracks, and lightening. These effects can significantly change the properties of concrete’s structure, reduce its strength and durability, and also change the behavior of the structure and lead to effects on the environment. An attempt was made to study the effects of elevated temperature on the mechanical characteristics of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with by-products including fly ash as a partial replacement for cement and waste copper slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%. The SCC specimens were subjected to elevated temperatures ranging from 200, 400, 600, and 800 °C, respectively, for a steady-state of two hours in a digital muffle furnace. The residual compressive strength, mass loss, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and residual density along with a visual inspection of cracks and color changes were observed. In this study, with over 400 °C temperatures, surface fractures appeared. The residual compressive strength (R-CMS) of all the individual temperatures of the SCC-WCS% mixes exhibited a gain in strength range from 31 to 34 MPa at 400 °C, 26 to 35 MPa at 600 °C, and 22.5 MPa to 33.5 MPa at 800 °C, respectively. Microstructural analysis of SCC-WCS% mixtures subjected to elevated ambient temperatures is carried out with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":"06 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140984257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Building Information Modeling/Building Energy Simulation Integration Based on Quantitative and Interpretative Interoperability Analysis 基于定量和解释性互操作性分析的建筑信息建模/建筑能耗模拟集成

Infrastructures Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9050084

Carolina Fernandes Vaz, Luísa Lopes de Freitas Guilherme, A. C. F. Maciel, André Luis De Araujo, B. B. F. Da Costa, A. Haddad

{"title":"Building Information Modeling/Building Energy Simulation Integration Based on Quantitative and Interpretative Interoperability Analysis","authors":"Carolina Fernandes Vaz, Luísa Lopes de Freitas Guilherme, A. C. F. Maciel, André Luis De Araujo, B. B. F. Da Costa, A. Haddad","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9050084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9050084","url":null,"abstract":"The integration between the building information modeling (BIM) methodology and the building energy simulation (BES) can contribute to a thermo-energetic analysis since the model generated and fed into BIM is exported to simulation software. This integration, also called interoperability, is satisfactory when the information flow is carried out without the loss of essential information. Several studies point out interoperability flaws between the methodologies; however, most of them occur in low-geometry-complexity models during quantitative experiments. The purpose of this research was to analyze the BIM/BES integration based on a quantitative and interpretative interoperability analysis of two buildings with complex geometries located on the UFU Campus (library and Building 5T) in Uberlândia, Brazil. To accomplish this, two geometries of each building were modeled, detailed, and simplified to analyze the data import, workflow, and model correction in the BES software. In the case of the library, the integration of Revit with DesignBuilder and IES-VE was analyzed, and in Block 5T, Revit was used with DesignBuilder and eQUEST. The BES software that presented the best integration with Revit for complex geometries was DesignBuilder, with the best performance being in the interpretative criteria. It was concluded that the simplification of complex geometries is essential for better data transfers. To determine the BES software that has better integration with BIM, a comprehensive evaluation is necessary, considering not only data transfers but also ease of working within BES software, the possibility of corrections in these, as well as the availability of tutorials and developer support.","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":"155 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Strengthened Concrete Culverts against Water-Induced Corrosion 碳纤维增强聚合物加固混凝土涵洞抗水腐蚀的数值建模和性能评估

Infrastructures Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9050082

H. Waqas, Alireza Bahrami, Fayiz Amin, Mehran Sahil, Muhammad Saud Khan

{"title":"Numerical Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Strengthened Concrete Culverts against Water-Induced Corrosion","authors":"H. Waqas, Alireza Bahrami, Fayiz Amin, Mehran Sahil, Muhammad Saud Khan","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9050082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9050082","url":null,"abstract":"Culverts fulfill the vital function of safely channeling water beneath railway tracks, highways, and overpasses. They serve various purposes, including facilitating drainage in areas such as watercourses, drainage zones, and regions with restricted ground-bearing capacity. Precast reinforced concrete (RC) box culverts are a popular choice because they are strong, durable, rigid, and economical. However, culverts are prone to corrosion due to exposure to a range of environmental factors and aggressive chemicals. Therefore, enhancing the design and construction of this crucial infrastructure is imperative to effectively combat corrosion and to adhere to modern standards of reliability and affordability. In this study, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) was used to strengthen corroded culverts, with promising potential to improve safety and longevity in these structures. This study compared the behavior of corroded RC box culverts to CFRP-strengthened ones using the finite element method (FEM). It explored the impact of varying the damage thicknesses owing to corrosion, ranging from 0 mm to 20 mm, on the structural performance of the box culverts. The results showed that the CFRP model exhibited a substantial 25% increase in the capacity and reduced the damage compared to the reference model. Moreover, a parametric study was conducted for establishing a cost-effective design, in which numerous CFRP strip configurations were examined for a damaged-culvert model. The results indicated that a complete CFRP sheet was most effective for the maximum design capacity and repair effectiveness. The study’s outcomes provide valuable insights for professionals engaged in enhancing the strength of box culverts, aiming to increase the capacity, enhance the stability, and strengthen corroded culverts.","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":"151 2‐3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141007232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hierarchical SVM for Semantic Segmentation of 3D Point Clouds for Infrastructure Scenes 用于基础设施场景三维点云语义分割的分层 SVM

Infrastructures Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9050083

Mohamed Mansour, Jan Martens, Jörg Blankenbach

{"title":"Hierarchical SVM for Semantic Segmentation of 3D Point Clouds for Infrastructure Scenes","authors":"Mohamed Mansour, Jan Martens, Jörg Blankenbach","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9050083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9050083","url":null,"abstract":"The incorporation of building information modeling (BIM) has brought about significant advancements in civil engineering, enhancing efficiency and sustainability across project life cycles. The utilization of advanced 3D point cloud technologies such as laser scanning extends the application of BIM, particularly in operations and maintenance, prompting the exploration of automated solutions for labor-intensive point cloud modeling. This paper presents a demonstration of supervised machine learning—specifically, a support vector machine—for the analysis and segmentation of 3D point clouds, which is a pivotal step in 3D modeling. The point cloud semantic segmentation workflow is extensively reviewed to encompass critical elements such as neighborhood selection, feature extraction, and feature selection, leading to the development of an optimized methodology for this process. Diverse strategies are implemented at each phase to enhance the overall workflow and ensure resilient results. The methodology is then evaluated using diverse datasets from infrastructure scenes of bridges and compared with state-of-the-art deep learning models. The findings highlight the effectiveness of supervised machine learning techniques at accurately segmenting 3D point clouds, outperforming deep learning models such as PointNet and PointNet++ with smaller training datasets. Through the implementation of advanced segmentation techniques, there is a partial reduction in the time required for 3D modeling of point clouds, thereby further enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the BIM process.","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":"311 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141006701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Influence of Soil Deformability on the Seismic Response of 3D Mixed R/C–Steel Buildings 土壤变形能力对三维混合 R/C 钢结构建筑地震响应的影响

Infrastructures Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9050080

P. Askouni

{"title":"The Influence of Soil Deformability on the Seismic Response of 3D Mixed R/C–Steel Buildings","authors":"P. Askouni","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9050080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9050080","url":null,"abstract":"Following effective seismic codes, common buildings are considered to be made of the same material throughout the story distribution and based on an ideal rigid soil. However, in daily construction practice, there are often cases of buildings formed by a bottom part constructed with reinforced concrete (r/c) and a higher steel part, despite this construction type not being recognized by code assumptions. In addition, soil deformability, commonly referred to as the Soil–Structure Interaction (SSI), is widely found to affect the earthquake response of typical residence structures, apart from special structures, though it is not included in the normative design procedure. This work studies the seismic response of in-height mixed 3D models, considering the effect of sustaining deformable ground compared to the common rigid soil hypothesis, which has not been clarified so far in the literature. Two types of soft soil, as well as the rigid soil assumption, acting as a reference point, are considered, while two limit interconnections between the steel part on the concrete part are included in the group analysis. The possible influence of the seismic orientation angle is explored in the analysis set. Selected numerical results of the dynamic nonlinear analyses under strong near-fault ground excitations were plotted through dimensionless parameters to facilitate an objective comparative discussion. The effect of SSI on the nonlinear performance of three-dimensional mixed models is identified, which serves as the primary contribution of this work, making it unique among the numerous research works available globally and pointing to findings that are useful for the enhancement of the seismic rules regarding the design and analysis of code-neglected mixed buildings.","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":"36 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aging Resistance Evaluation of an Asphalt Mixture Modified with Zinc Oxide 用氧化锌改性的沥青混合料的耐老化性评估

Infrastructures Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9050081

H. Rondón-Quintana, C. Zafra-Mejía, Carlos Felipe Urazán-Bonells

{"title":"Aging Resistance Evaluation of an Asphalt Mixture Modified with Zinc Oxide","authors":"H. Rondón-Quintana, C. Zafra-Mejía, Carlos Felipe Urazán-Bonells","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9050081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9050081","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of the oxidation and aging of asphalt binders affects the strength and durability of asphalt mixtures in pavements. Several studies are trying to improve the resistance to this phenomenon by modifying the properties of the binders with nano-particles. One material that shows promise in this field is zinc oxide (ZnO), especially in improving ultraviolet (UV) aging resistance. Few studies have evaluated the effect of these nano-particles on the thermo-oxidative resistance of asphalt binders, and, on hot-mix asphalt (HMA), studies are even more scarce and limited. Therefore, in the present study, the resistance to thermo-oxidative aging of an HMA manufactured with an asphalt binder modified with ZnO was evaluated. An asphalt cement (AC 60–70) was initially modified with 0, 1, 3, 5, 7.5, and 10% ZnO (percentage by weight of asphalt binder; ZnO/AC in wt%), and then exposed to aging in Rolling Thin-Film Oven tests (RTFOT) and a Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV). Penetration, viscosity, and softening point tests were performed on these binders, and aging indices were calculated and evaluated. Samples of HMAs were then manufactured using these binders and designed by the Marshall method, determining the optimum asphalt binder content (OAC) and the optimum ZnO/AC ratio. Control (unmodified) and modified HMA were subjected to short-term oven aging (STOA) and long-term oven aging (LTOA) procedures. Marshall, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), and resilient modulus (RM) tests were performed on these mixtures. LTOA/STOA results of the parameters measured in these tests were used as aging indices. In this study, ZnO was shown to increase the thermo-oxidative aging resistance of the asphalt binder and HMA. It also contributed to an increase in the resistance under monotonic loading in the Marshall and ITS tests, and under repeated loading in RM test. Likewise, it contributed to a slightly increasing resistance to moisture damage. The best performance is achieved using ZnO/AC = 5 wt%.","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":"205 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wolf Rock Lighthouse Long-Term Monitoring 狼岩灯塔长期监测

Infrastructures Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9040077

James Brownjohn, Alison Raby, J. Bassitt, A. Antonini, Zuo Zhu, Peter Dobson

引用次数: 0