Ecological Questions最新文献_第2页

On the notion of value. A comparative analysis between economic and biophysical approaches 关于价值概念。经济和生物物理方法的比较分析

Ecological Questions Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.12775/eq.2024.041

Giulio Corsi, E. Buonocore, P. P. Franzese

{"title":"On the notion of value. A comparative analysis between economic and biophysical approaches","authors":"Giulio Corsi, E. Buonocore, P. P. Franzese","doi":"10.12775/eq.2024.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2024.041","url":null,"abstract":"The plurality of dimensions and topics covered by the SDGs reflects the need to assess the value of organizations, cities, and societies using a holistic approach that considers different dimensions and criteria. It is much needed to shift towards inter-disciplinary, multi-criteria and integrated perspectives, opening the door to views able to consider different scientific points of view when assessing the most “valuable” pillars in human societies. This need highlights a controversial question: “what do we mean when we refer to a concept so broad such as the one of “value” and its measurement”? The concept of value and welfare have changed throughout the years, also in relation to the historical context and societal structure and needs of the time. But time has not been the only factor in differentiating value theories. While most organically structured definitions of value have originated, as expected, from the developments of the economic discipline, this issue has also been addressed by scientists belonging to the biophysical realm. In this paper, a comparative overview of the main economic and biophysical value theories, developing from very different epistemological backgrounds, is provided. Results suggest the need to foster inter-disciplinary communication on the notion of value, which is an abstract construct at the root of our societies and economies.","PeriodicalId":502646,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The scientific literature on coralligenous habitat and fishing impacts 关于珊瑚栖息地和捕鱼影响的科学文献

Ecological Questions Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.12775/eq.2024.010

Serena Silva, Umberto Grande, Francesco Rendina, E. Buonocore, Michele Guidato, Monica Contegiacomo, P. P. Franzese

{"title":"The scientific literature on coralligenous habitat and fishing impacts","authors":"Serena Silva, Umberto Grande, Francesco Rendina, E. Buonocore, Michele Guidato, Monica Contegiacomo, P. P. Franzese","doi":"10.12775/eq.2024.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2024.010","url":null,"abstract":"Among marine habitats, the coralligenous represents one of the most important biodiversity hotspots, also playing an important role in the carbon cycle. Coralligenous is a biogenic habitat of the circalittoral zone formed by calcareous structures built by crustose coralline algae and other assemblages of calcifying organisms. Due to its structural complexity, it is also considered one of the most vulnerable marine habitats, very sensitive to environmental changes, such as climate change, and to other anthropogenic impacts such as fishing activities. Trawling is the most harmful fishing method that is causing the degradation of large areas of coralligenous reef concretions. Small-scale and sport fishing can also cause damage to the most sensitive organisms of the coralligenous habitat that can be damaged or removed by fishing gear, both during the fishing activity and in the case of the involuntary abandonment of stranded or damaged fishing nets, also known as “ghost nets”. In this study, the global scientific literature on coralligenous habitat was explored, with a particular focus on human impacts and fishing activities. The analysis was carried out using the VOSviewer software, generating network maps based on literature data retrieved from the Scopus database. The results show that the scientific literature is mainly concentrated in Italy, proving the important contribution provided by the Italian research on the topic. The results also highlight a research gap in the application of environmental accounting methods to quantify and value natural capital and ecosystem services associated to the coralligenous habitat, and their loss due to human impacts.","PeriodicalId":502646,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":"25 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effect of light stress on maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and chloroplast structure in cryptogams Cladonia mitis and Pleurozium schreberi 光胁迫对隐花植物 Cladonia mitis 和 Pleurozium schreberi 光系统 II 最大光化学效率和叶绿体结构的影响

Ecological Questions Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.12775/eq.2024.039

Patrycja Dziurowicz, Patrycja Fałowska, Karolina Waszkiewicz, P. Wietrzyk-Pełka, M. Węgrzyn

{"title":"Effect of light stress on maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and chloroplast structure in cryptogams Cladonia mitis and Pleurozium schreberi","authors":"Patrycja Dziurowicz, Patrycja Fałowska, Karolina Waszkiewicz, P. Wietrzyk-Pełka, M. Węgrzyn","doi":"10.12775/eq.2024.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2024.039","url":null,"abstract":"Lichens and bryophytes are cosmopolitan organisms found in diverse environments with varying sunlight availability. However, excessive light can be a stress factor for both lichens and bryophytes, as it can damage their photosynthetic apparatus, particularly the chlorophyll a and b pigments located in the chloroplasts. The measurement of photosynthetic activity and the use of fluorescence microscopy allows the assessment of the influence of light as a stress factor on the preservation state of the thallus. The main goal of our research was to determine the changes that occur in the photosynthetic activity and structure of chloroplasts of selected species lichen Cladonia mitis (Sandst.) and moss Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. Ex Brid.) under the influence of different light intensity in laboratory conditions: FL - 100% light, RL - 30% maximum light, and NL - natural sunlight. The results of the two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests showed a variation in the activities of the selected species over time depending on the amount of light energy supplied. It was also demonstrated that soaking lichens increased their photosynthetic activity, whereas in bryophytes, it had the opposite effect, decreasing it. The microscopic results showed that Cladonia mitis showed the lowest level of chloroplast fluorescence in the strongest and reduced light, which coincides with its low level of photosynthetic activity. The mosses exhibited strong fluorescence activity of the chloroplasts, suggesting its significantly higher resistance to light radiation.","PeriodicalId":502646,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140223742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The supporting role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine/Deep Learning in monitoring the marine environment: a bibliometric analysis 人工智能和机器/深度学习在海洋环境监测中的辅助作用：文献计量分析

Ecological Questions Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.12775/eq.2024.005

Fabiana Di Ciaccio

{"title":"The supporting role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine/Deep Learning in monitoring the marine environment: a bibliometric analysis","authors":"Fabiana Di Ciaccio","doi":"10.12775/eq.2024.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2024.005","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread interest towards a sustainable and effective monitoring of the environment is increasingly demanding the development of modern and more affordable technologies to support or even replace the traditional time-consuming, high-cost sampling surveys at a multi-scale level. Researchers are highly benefitting from the recent enormous progresses achieved in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) field, with Machine/Deep Learning (ML/DL) applications increasing at sight. This gives a remarkable contribution to the environmental monitoring at sea, further allowing to develop efficient, smart and low-cost solutions to support the wide variety of tasks dealing with this objective.\u0000This study explores the global scientific literature on AI and ML/DL applications for the environmental monitoring over the last years. The VOSviewer software has been used to create maps based on the bibliographic network data: this allowed to display the relationships among scientific journals, researchers, and countries and to analyze the co-occurrence of different terms connected to the research. The resulting bibliometric analysis aims at verifying the major research interests and at providing the community with interesting findings and new perspectives on this very important topic, highlighting the great potential and flexibility of these methodologies and the excellent achievements they obtained in the last years.","PeriodicalId":502646,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Avifaunal Diversity in Managed Urban Ecosystem: A Case Study of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 有管理的城市生态系统中的鸟类多样性：瓦拉纳西巴纳拉斯印度教大学案例研究

Ecological Questions Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.12775/eq.2024.038

Rinku Singh, Amit Kumar Tiwari, Sudhanshu Kumar, Gopal Shankar Singh

引用次数: 0

Environmental retrieval during COVID-19 lockdown in the megacity Karachi, Pakistan 在巴基斯坦卡拉奇特大城市 COVID-19 封锁期间进行环境检索

Ecological Questions Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.12775/eq.2024.032

Nida Ali, A. Kausar, S. Vambol, P. Kozub, Svetlana Kozub

{"title":"Environmental retrieval during COVID-19 lockdown in the megacity Karachi, Pakistan","authors":"Nida Ali, A. Kausar, S. Vambol, P. Kozub, Svetlana Kozub","doi":"10.12775/eq.2024.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2024.032","url":null,"abstract":"The global devastating effect of COVID-19 has also wrapped up the mega city of Pakistan-Karachi. The study was conducted to reveal the effects of limited anthropogenic activities, in terms of national lockdown, on the environmental pollution in Karachi. No study has been conducted to monitor the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on levels of PM2.5 and noise in Karachi so far. The levels of PM2.5 and noise were monitored before and during the imposition of the COVID-19 lockdown with the help of a particulate monitor and environmental meter, respectively. The monitoring was conducted for 12 hours at 25 locations. The spatial distribution of mean PM2.5 and noise levels were represented by thematic maps. Statistical evaluation revealed a significant decrease in PM2.5 and noise pollution by 53.55% and 24.98%, respectively. The percentage of locations where the mean PM2.5 level was surpassing the Sindh environmental quality standards before the lockdown had dropped from 56% to 8% during the lockdown. Similarly, the percentage of locations where the mean value of noise exceeded the standard values before lockdown had descended from 96% to 24 % for residential areas; 72% to 12% for commercial areas; and 44% to 0% for industrial areas, during lockdown.","PeriodicalId":502646,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140234592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mapping impervious surface change from remote sensing and GIS data: A case study in Hochiminh city, Vietnam 利用遥感和 GIS 数据绘制不透水表面变化图：越南胡志明市案例研究

Ecological Questions Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.12775/eq.2024.030

Le Hung Trinh, Van Tung Pham, Xuan Bien Tran, Van Trung Nguyen, Xuan Cuong Vu, Thi Hanh Tong, Van Phu Le

{"title":"Mapping impervious surface change from remote sensing and GIS data: A case study in Hochiminh city, Vietnam","authors":"Le Hung Trinh, Van Tung Pham, Xuan Bien Tran, Van Trung Nguyen, Xuan Cuong Vu, Thi Hanh Tong, Van Phu Le","doi":"10.12775/eq.2024.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2024.030","url":null,"abstract":"Impervious surface is artificial surfaces that prevent water from entering the soil. The increase in impervious surface area has led to negative impacts on the urban environment, including an increase in the risk of flooding, a decrease in vegetation cover, and the formation of urban heat islands. This paper presents the results of building a predictive model of impervious surfaces in Hochiminh city from remote sensing and GIS data. Landsat and Sentinel 2 satellite images for the period 2002–2022 are used to classify impervious surfaces and extract input layers about vegetation cover, land surface temperature, combined with GIS data (elevation, slope, aspect, distance to road, distance to hydrology, population density) for modeling and predicting impervious surface changes in future. 03 machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Classification and Regression Trees (CART) and maximum likelihood method are used to classify impervious surfaces from Landsat satellite images, then select the method with the highest accuracy. To predict the future distribution of impervious surface, this study uses Cellular Automata (CA) model and 02 artificial intelligence algorithms (Artificial Neural Network - ANN, Logistic Regression - LR). The results obtained in the study can be effectively used for urban planning, minimizing the impact of the process of increasing the impervious surface on the urban environment","PeriodicalId":502646,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":"295 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140233262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing forest cover changes in Dak Lak province (Central Highlands of Vietnam) from multi-temporal Landsat data and machine learning techniques 利用多时区大地遥感卫星数据和机器学习技术评估达乐省（越南中部高原）的森林覆盖变化

Ecological Questions Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.12775/eq.2024.035

Xuan Bien Tran, Le Hung Trinh, V. Vambol, Thuy Duong Luu, The Trinh Pham

{"title":"Assessing forest cover changes in Dak Lak province (Central Highlands of Vietnam) from multi-temporal Landsat data and machine learning techniques","authors":"Xuan Bien Tran, Le Hung Trinh, V. Vambol, Thuy Duong Luu, The Trinh Pham","doi":"10.12775/eq.2024.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2024.035","url":null,"abstract":"Dak Lak is a province in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam, with a large area of forests and forestry land. However, the forest cover has changed dramatically in recent times due to the influence of human activities and climate change. This article presents the results of assessing forest cover changes in Dak Lak province from Landsat satellite image data for the period 2000 – 2020. Three Landsat satellite image scenes, including Landsat 5 TM images taken in March 2000 and February 2010 and Landsat 8 OLI image taken in February 2020 are used to classify forest cover. Three common machine learning techniques, including Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and the traditional maximum likelihood classification algorithm are used to classify forest cover in the study area, thereby choosing the method with the highest accuracy. The results show that the RF algorithm has the highest accuracy in classifying forest cover from multi-temporal Landsat images by comparing the overall accuracy value and the Kappa coefficient. The obtained results are used to build forest cover change maps in the period 2000 - 2010, 2010 - 2020 and 2000 - 2020. The results received in the study provide information to help managers in monitoring and protecting forest resources.","PeriodicalId":502646,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":"39 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140234451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sovereign green bonds as an unconventional tool to address climate change 主权绿色债券作为应对气候变化的非常规工具

Ecological Questions Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.12775/eq.2024.028

Anuradha Yadav, Vijaya Kittu Manda, Shivani, Vikramaditya Sangwan, S. Vambol

{"title":"Sovereign green bonds as an unconventional tool to address climate change","authors":"Anuradha Yadav, Vijaya Kittu Manda, Shivani, Vikramaditya Sangwan, S. Vambol","doi":"10.12775/eq.2024.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2024.028","url":null,"abstract":"Creative efforts are necessary as global efforts seek to undertake projects focused on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) initiatives. Among various financial products that provide funding for projects, green bonds, particularly sovereign green bonds (SGB or SGrB) issued with sovereign guarantees by central governments, have gained prominence. Proceeds from SGBs are used to finance green projects such as non-conventional and renewable energy projects, alternative energy solutions, greenhouse gas emission reduction, climate change mitigation, or reduced use of carbon-based energy sources. SGB will receive increasing global attention as governments attempt to meet UN climate change goals. This research uses descriptive research methodology to examine the evolution, operational aspects, challenges, and investor expectations associated with SGrBs by taking India as a case. The study period is taken from 2016 to 2023. It used a conceptual approach to discuss the market's evolution. The findings highlight how SGBs provide an unconventional way to link green finance with ecological priorities by combining fiscal policy, investment and science-based solutions. The insights are intended to inform future SGB frameworks and strategies to target funded green growth towards pressing global sustainability issues.","PeriodicalId":502646,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":"42 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140231408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioremediation of toxic metals and Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau growth in acidic contaminated soil supported by microbial inoculants 有毒金属的生物修复以及微生物接种物支持下的酸性污染土壤中Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau的生长

Ecological Questions Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.12775/eq.2024.034

Thilam Nguyen, Shaoxian Song, Bui Thi Ngoc Dung, Samreen Riaz Ahmed, A. Lahori

{"title":"Bioremediation of toxic metals and Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau growth in acidic contaminated soil supported by microbial inoculants","authors":"Thilam Nguyen, Shaoxian Song, Bui Thi Ngoc Dung, Samreen Riaz Ahmed, A. Lahori","doi":"10.12775/eq.2024.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2024.034","url":null,"abstract":"An in situ pot experiment was carried out in a net house to study the combined effect of a mixture of microbial inoculants at different levels of 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 g/kg in dry soil with Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau plants grown on agricultural land contaminated with lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The results showed that plant growth, fresh inflorescence yields and accumulation of Pb and Cd in L. flava plant parts gradually increased with increasing levels of the applied microbial inoculants in the contaminated soil. The highest total content of Pb and Cd was determined in roots (6.63–32.46 and 0.12–0.72 mg/kg dw), followed by stems and leaves (1.20–3.08 and 0.04–0.09 mg/kg dw) and inflorescence parts (0.012–0.120 and 0.011–0.065 mg/kg fw). The application of microbial inoculants in the range of 2–2.5 g/kg dry soil stimulated the growth and fresh inflorescence yields of L. flava, increased the accumulation of Pb and Cd in inedible parts, ensuring safety for edible parts of L. flava plants in accordance with QCVN8-2:2011/BYT and FAO/WHO regulations. The results of the present work indicate that the flexibility of Pb and Cd can be increased when soil is mixed with microbial inoculants. Long term ex situ experiments are needed to investigate the impact of microbial inoculants mixed with biochar, minerals and nanomaterial for phytomanagement of soil contaminated with multiple metals.","PeriodicalId":502646,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140232575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0