The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology最新文献

{"title":"Anaplasma phagocytophilum Detected in Ticks from Ohio, U.S.A.1","authors":"E. H. Foley, G. Needham, W. Reeves","doi":"10.3954/1523-5475-34.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/1523-5475-34.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"In North America, human granulocytic anaplasmosis is caused by the bacteriumAnaplasma phagocytophilum (Ehrlichiaceae),which is primarily transmitted by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) (Dahlgren et al. 2011). The native range of I. scapularis has been expanding in recent years, with significant populations recently detected in Midwestern U.S. states such as Ohio (Wang et al. 2014). Ixodes scapularis is a vector of several pathogens including Borrelia burgdorferi (Spirochaetaceae), Borrelia miyamotoi, A. phagocytophilum, Babesia microti (Babesiidae), and deer tick virus (DTV) (Flavivirus) (a close relative to Powassan virus) that causes encephalitis (Soneshine et al. 2002). As the range of I. scapularis expands through Ohio, there has been an effort to document the prevalence of B. burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease (Wang et al. 2014). Lyme disease is the most commonly diagnosed vector-borne disease in the eastern United States (Rossi et al. 2015) under active surveillance. In contrast, little effort has been directed at documenting the presence ofA.phagocytophilum in the same vector, even though human granulocytic anaplasmosis can be fatal and I. scapularis has been documented feeding on small Ohio mammalian reservoir hosts for over a decade (Wilder & Meikle 2004). The entomology program at the U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine regularly conducts pathogen surveillance in ticks (e.g., Foley & Reeves 2014, Taylor et al. 2016). Our goal was to determine the presence and prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in I. scapularis from Ohio. All ticks were collected as part of the B. burgdorferi surveillance project across Ohio. The initial results of this survey were published by Wang et al. (2014) who only discussed the surveillance of B. burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, and new records of I. scapularis. This study focused on the prevalence of A. phagocytiphilum, which was not considered by Wang et al. 2014). In total, 425 adult","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3954/1523-5475-34.1.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46442575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing Behavior of Nezara viridula on Soybean: Characterization and Comparison of Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) Waveforms on Vegetative and Reproductive Plant Structures","authors":"P. L. Mitchell, S. B. Cooke, L. F. Smaniotto","doi":"10.3954/JAUE18-09.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/JAUE18-09.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Electrical penetration graphing, or electropenetrography (EPG), is a method of indirectly visualizing stylet movement and feeding behavior of phytophagous hemipterans in plant tissue. Here we characterize the EPG waveforms of Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) feeding on soybean, using AC-applied voltage and 107 input impedance with a Backus and Bennett AC-DC monitor. Three distinct feeding-associated waveforms (i.e., waveforms within probes) were recognized for both adults and fifth instars. Pathway (Nv1) represents stylet movements through the plant from initial puncture until the target tissue is located, accompanied by secretion of saliva. An ingestion waveform (Nv2) occurred on pods, petioles, and stems; it was shown histologically on stems to correlate with stylets positioned in xylem. In contrast, Nv3 occurred only on pods and likely represents cell rupture feeding (salivation plus ingestion). We found no indication of ingestion from phloem. EPG variables (waveform attributes, probing and waveform frequencies, and durations) were compared to examine the effect of soybean developmental stage (vegetative, early pods, and pods with developing seed) on feeding behavior of fifth instars. In addition, we compared pathway and ingestion on excised soybean petioles with that on vegetative potted plants and determined the effect of providing water to adults during the pre-trial starvation period. Soybean developmental stage significantly affected nymphal feeding behavior, but the use of cuttings altered few waveform attributes or ingestion behaviors. Provision of water during the starvation period significantly reduced overall likelihood of probing, as well as frequency and duration of Nv2 on green beans.","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70032754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Aerial Approach to Investigating the Relationship between Macromoths and Artificial Nighttime Lights Across an Urban Landscape1","authors":"P. J. White","doi":"10.3954/1523-5475-34.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/1523-5475-34.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Urbanization represents a dramatic type of habitat change. Not only does it remove natural habitat for ecological communities, it also increases artificial nighttime light levels that can have negative impacts on night-flying species, such as moths. Feeding, mating and oviposition behaviors of moths can be affected by artificial nighttime lights, and they become more exposed to predators such as bats. In this study, an aerial approach was used to measure the prevalence of artificial nighttime light across an urban landscape (East Lansing, Michigan, USA). These light levels were related to macromoth species richness and abundance at 32 urban trapping sites. Both moth species richness and abundance were positively related to vegetation cover across the landscape, but there was no consistent, discernible impact of artificial nighttime light on either variable. This may be due to the lower attractiveness of high-pressure sodium lights that are used across this particular urban landscape, or to a negative association between the prevalence of landscape light levels and the amount of landscape vegetation. There is also a possibility that macromoths in urban areas have adapted to be less sensitive to light. This study is one of the first to use an aerial approach to measuring urban nighttime lights and departs from the most commonly held theory that increased light prevalence is associated with a depauperate moth assemblage.","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3954/1523-5475-34.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70032437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report and Distribution of the Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus, in Kenya1","authors":"I. Macharia, E. Kimani, Fredrick Koome, Thomas Kosiom, Hellen M. Heya, M. Otipa, M. Oronje","doi":"10.3954/JAUE17-02.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/JAUE17-02.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract  The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a serious invasive pest affecting horticultural crops, was first reported in Kenya in 2016 at Kwale, Mombasa, and Kilifi Counties of the coastal region. A study was conducted to establish its identification, distribution and host ranges at the coastal region. This is the first report of P. marginatus distribution and crops attacked in Kenya. The papaya mealybug was found to infest papaya (Carica papaya), cassava (Manihot esculenta), chili pepper (Capsicum annuum), guava (Psidium guajava), mango (Mangifera indica), and eggplant (Solanum melongena) in this study. An average yield loss of 91% on papaya crop was reported in the affected farms. Only 7.2% of the farms surveyed were found to have management strategies in place against the papaya mealybug. Additional surveys should be conducted to determine pest migration and potential endemic or unintentionally introduced natural enemies.","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3954/JAUE17-02.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47060730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory Evaluation of Soybean Plant Introductions for Resistance to Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae)1","authors":"L. Hesler, Brian M. Van De Stroet, N. Schultz, Eric A. Beckendorf, K. Tilmon","doi":"10.3954/JAUE17-17.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/JAUE17-17.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract  The soybean aphid (SA), Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a major pest of soybean in the north-central United States and south-central Canada. It is controlled primarily with insecticides, but the development of aphid-resistant soybean cultivars may provide an alternative management tactic. The viability of this management tactic depends on a diverse set of resistance sources in order to counter various resistance-breaking biotypes of SA, and the identification of new sources of resistance necessitates additional testing of soybean germplasm. The current study used no-choice tests to identify SA resistance in seven early maturing (maturity group I) soybean plant introductions (PIs) that had been advanced from free-choice screening trials. The tests showed PI 437353 and PI 612759 C had an intermediate level of resistance against avirulent SA, whereas PI 437282, PI 437658, PI 437733, PI 548417, and PI 548530 exhibited no significant resistance. Additional research is needed to determine if the source of resistance in PI 437353 and PI 612759 C is due to novel resistant genes, which would help diversify resistance to SA in soybean. Screening and follow-up tests of additional soybean germplasm is warranted in order to ensure the development of durable, SA-resistant cultivars.","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3954/JAUE17-17.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45574625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory and Field Susceptibility of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to Entomopathogenic Fungal Mycoses1","authors":"Gabriel Alnajjar, F. Drummond, E. Groden","doi":"10.3954/1523-5475-33.1.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/1523-5475-33.1.111","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura; Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a recently established invasive insect pest of berries and stone fruits. We tested the susceptibility of adult D. suzukii to infection by four species of entomopathogenic fungi: Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., strains GHA and HF-23; Isaria fumosorosea Wize, strains FE-9901 and Apopka 97; Metarhizium anisopliae var anisopliae (Metschn.), strain F-52; and Metarhizium robertsii, strain DW-346; in laboratory bioassays. Scanning electron micrographs confirmed germination of conidia on D. suzukii integument. Exposure to conidia of all fungal isolates significantly increased mortality rates in comparison to untreated flies. In a subsequent bioassay of the two most virulent isolates, increasing pathogen dose from 0–16,000 conidia mm−2 of B. bassiana strain GHA increased fly mortality and proportion of sporulating cadavers. While fly inoculations with M. anisopliae at 0–4000 conidia mm−2 did not yield any measurable mortality response, a positive correlation was observed between dose and frequency of sporulating cadavers. In addition, we found that oocyte maturation rates were curtailed through one week of adulthood development after sub-lethal exposure to B. bassiana conidia. Despite promising laboratory results, a field cage experiment demonstrated that application of B. bassiana did not protect fruit from infestation. Taken together, these results show that entomopathogenic fungi are virulent against D. suzukii in the laboratory, but application in the field did not show promise.","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3954/1523-5475-33.1.111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46267858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Record of Myelobia smerintha (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Crambinae) in Sugarcane in Colombia1","authors":"Yuly P. Sandoval-Cáceres, E. V. Vergara-Navarro, B. Landry, J. M. Perilla-Lopez, Nancy Barreto-Triana","doi":"10.3954/JAUE17-12.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/JAUE17-12.1","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivation occupies approximately 474,559 ha in Colombia (Cenicaña 2011). The Hoya del Río Suárez region (Boyacá and Santander Departments in north-central Colombia) produced 100,799 tons of sugar, which accounted for 40% of the total volume of sugarcane grown for the production of panela (MADR-CCI 2012). Other major production areas are the Departments of Cundinamarca (24%), Antioquia (20%), Huila (6%), and Nariño (11%) (MADR-CCI 2012). Panela is a molded rectangular block of sugar produced by heating and concentrating sugarcane juice. Colombia is the second largest producer of panela in the world after India (Rodríguez 2000). Production of sugarcane is affected by different insect pests, and borers in the genusDiatraea (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Crambinae) are considered the most damaging and commonly encountered (Bustillo-Pardey 2013). Larvae of Crambinae feed upon roots and leaves of sugarcane. They bore into grasses, sedges, and rushes (Stehr 1987, Landry 1995). Larvae of Myelobia smerintha (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Crambinae) are known to bore inside stem internodes of bamboo (Guadua aculeateRupr. Ex E. Fourn.) and taquara (Bambusa tuldoides Munro) (both Poaceae), two species closely related to sugarcane (Neto & Ramos-Elorduy 2006, Landry et al. 2015). In this paper, we report the detection of M. smerintha using sugarcane as a developmental host. This is not the first record of M. smerintha in Colombia (Bleszynski 1967), but it is the first record of sugarcane as a host plant for this giant Crambinae species. In November 2015 and February 2016, a total of 10 unidentified borer larvae were collected manually from sugarcane plants in the municipality of Villeta, Cundinamarca Department. The sugarcane plants were grown near a corridor of guadua, Guadua angustifolia Kunth (Poaceae). The larvae were taken to the","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3954/JAUE17-12.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47752721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wild Bee Community Assemblages Across Agricultural Landscapes1","authors":"Erika M. Tucker, Sandra M. Rehan","doi":"10.3954/1523-5475-33.1.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/1523-5475-33.1.77","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wild bees are essential to the functioning of both agricultural and natural ecosystems, yet these pollinator communities are declining worldwide. Agricultural intensification by means of habitat and floral resource loss is thought to be one of the leading causes of wild bee population deterioration. This study examined multiple agricultural land use systems in New Hampshire to determine how wild bee biodiversity and community interactions are affected by different land use practices. A total of 2292 wild bees were collected during these surveys, representing 112 species. A high species overlap was found at all land use systems, although all sites had some species exclusivity. Land use significantly affected species abundance and richness. The moderately managed sites supported both the greatest pollinator abundance and species richness, while the low management sites had the smallest abundance and the same level of richness as the high management sites. The findings of this study support the importance of floral landscape diversity in bee conservation efforts and suggest that not all agricultural practices negatively affect the pollinator community.","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3954/1523-5475-33.1.77","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43070439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Parasitoids in Guangxi, China1","authors":"Liyun Ren, Z. Xian","doi":"10.3954/1523-5475-33.1.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/1523-5475-33.1.71","url":null,"abstract":"The rice leaffolder,Cnaphalocrocis medinalisGuenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a migratory insect pest that inflicts significant damage to rice, Oriza sativa L. (Poaceae), in Asia. Reports of damage caused by C. medinalis have increased in several Asian countries in recent decades (Wang et al. 2009). Although cultural, biological and chemical control strategies, including the use of transgenic rice varieties, have been developed (Nathan et al. 2006, Xu et al. 2011, Gurr et al. 2012, Cho et al. 2013,Huang et al. 2014, Punithavalli et al. 2013),many farmers still use insecticides (such as abamectin, amino-avermectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole) as the main management tools against C. medinalis. Excessive use of insecticides can lead to the development of resistance (Zheng et al. 2011, Zhang et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2016), reduction of natural enemy populations (Ren et al. 2015), and pest resurgence. Natural enemies play an important role in regulating insect pest populations in the field. More than 100 parasitoid species in Ichneumonidae, Braconidae and Chalcidoidea were reported as natural enemies of C. medinalis in Asia (Lou et al. 2013). Nineteen parasitoid species were identified in Nanning, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China (Ren et al. 2015). In Tieăn Giang, Vietnam, C. medinalis larval parasitism rates ranged from 33–90% in rice fields not treated with insecticide applications (Gurr et al. 2012). In Guangdong Province, China, parasitism reached 65.7% in the early-season rice, with Stenomesius maculatus Liao (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) responsible for 62.5% of total parasitism (Li 1992). Huang et al. (2013) reported that S. maculatus achieved 39.2% parasitism in Guangxi,China.Parasitism byApanteles cyprisNixon (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) was 63.4% in Guizhou Province, China (Ma et al. 2013). Ren et al. (2015) reported that 74% fewer parasitoids were collected from pesticide-treated fields than from untreated fields in Guangxi, China, suggesting that applications of nitenpyram, buprofezin, pymetrozine and avermectin (customary to rice production in China) severely disrupted the activity and abundance of parasitoids. A better understanding of natural parasitism is important to conserve biological control agents.We carried out surveys betweenApril andNovember 2011 at the","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3954/1523-5475-33.1.71","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44318682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infestation of Wild Fruit by Drosophila suzukii Surrounding Maine Wild Blueberry Fields1","authors":"E. Ballman, F. Drummond","doi":"10.3954/1523-5475-33.1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3954/1523-5475-33.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an invasive vinegar fly that attacks a large variety of soft fruits including wild blueberries in Maine. Wild blueberry fields in Maine are commonly surrounded by woodland edges that contain wild fruit. These edges are important refugia as they provide the fly with needed shade and moisture during the hottest parts of the day. The wild fruit in these wooded edges are also potential alternative hosts for D. suzukii. We surveyed wild fruit along blueberry fields to determine the types of fruit present and measured D. suzukii infestation levels in surveyed fruit. We also measured the number of adult D. suzukii along field edges and the level of infestation in the wild blueberry crop. Drosophila suzukii was found in nine out of seventeen surveyed wild fruit species along field edges. Our results suggest a correlation between wild fruit infestation levels and adult fly densities in the crop fields. Blueberry fields with higher levels of wild fruit infestation also showed higher levels of adult D. suzukii trap captures in the commercial blueberry fields. These wild fruit hosts may allow D. suzukii to increase its population abundance prior to moving into commercial blueberry fields.","PeriodicalId":50257,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3954/1523-5475-33.1.61","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44795667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}