Journal of Water and Health最新文献_第4页

An evaluation of properly operated NSF/ANSI-53 Pb certified drinking water filters in Benton Harbor, MI 对密歇根州本顿港通过 NSF/ANSI-53 Pb 认证的正常运行饮用水过滤器的评估

Journal of Water and Health Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.231

Jennifer Tully, Michael Schock, Scott Shilling, Valerie Bosscher, Darren Lytle, Stephen Harmon, Christina Bennett-Stamper

{"title":"An evaluation of properly operated NSF/ANSI-53 Pb certified drinking water filters in Benton Harbor, MI","authors":"Jennifer Tully, Michael Schock, Scott Shilling, Valerie Bosscher, Darren Lytle, Stephen Harmon, Christina Bennett-Stamper","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.231","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Communities across the United States and particularly in the Midwest continue to grapple with the complications associated with aging infrastructure. This includes the presence of lead (Pb)-bearing plumbing components such as lead service lines, downstream galvanized iron pipes, and Pb/tin (Sn) solder. The community of Benton Harbor, MI, experienced six Pb action level exceedances between 2018 and 2021, leading to increasing community concern and a request from the state of Michigan for the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) involvement. Between 9 November and 17 December 2021, US EPA Region 5 and Office of Research and Development, along with the state of Michigan, conducted a water filter efficacy and Pb-nanoparticulate (<100 nm) study to evaluate the performance of NSF/ANSI-53 Pb-certified drinking water filters and the presence of nanoparticulate. In this study, a total of 199 properly installed and operated drinking water filters (combination of faucet mounted and pitcher) were tested in their residential locations. One hundred percent of the water filters were found to perform to the standard to which they were certified, with filtered drinking water Pb concentrations below 5 ppb (maximum observed was 2.5 ppb). In addition, Pb particulate was identified; however, discrete Pb-containing nanoparticles were not widely found or identified.","PeriodicalId":502550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Health","volume":"25 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139608265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 cases, vaccination, and SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: insights from a Brazilian municipality 废水中的 COVID-19 病例、疫苗接种和 SARS-CoV-2 ：来自巴西一个城市的启示

Journal of Water and Health Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.159

Mariana Aparecida de Freitas Abreu, Bruna Coelho Lopes, P. Assemany, Aline dos Reis Souza, Luciene Alves Batista Siniscalchi

{"title":"COVID-19 cases, vaccination, and SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: insights from a Brazilian municipality","authors":"Mariana Aparecida de Freitas Abreu, Bruna Coelho Lopes, P. Assemany, Aline dos Reis Souza, Luciene Alves Batista Siniscalchi","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.159","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Vaccines combatting COVID-19 demonstrate the ability to protect against the disease and hospitalization, and even reduce the likelihood of death caused by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, monitoring viral loads in sewage emerges as another crucial strategy in the epidemiological context, enabling early and collective detection of outbreaks. The study aimed to monitor the viral concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated sewage in a Brazilian municipality. Also, it attempted to correlate these measurements with the number of clinical cases and deaths resulting from COVID-19 between July 2021 and July 2022. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was quantified by RT-qPCR. Pearson's correlation was performed to analyze the variables’ relationship using the number of cases, deaths, vaccinated individuals, and viral concentration of SARS-CoV-2. The results revealed a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) between the number of vaccinated individuals and the viral concentration of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that after vaccination, the RNA viral load concentration was reduced in the sample population by the circulating concentration of wastewater. Consequently, wastewater monitoring, in addition to functioning as an early warning system for the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens, can offer a novel perspective that enhances decision-making, strengthens vaccination campaigns, and contributes to authorities establishing systematic networks for monitoring SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":502550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Health","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139524763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A scoping review of human pathogens detected in untreated human wastewater and sludge 对未经处理的人类废水和污泥中检测到的人类病原体进行范围审查

Journal of Water and Health Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.326

T. Corrin, Prakathesh Rabeenthira, Kaitlin M. Young, Gajuna Mathiyalagan, Austyn Baumeister, K. Pussegoda, Lisa A. Waddell

{"title":"A scoping review of human pathogens detected in untreated human wastewater and sludge","authors":"T. Corrin, Prakathesh Rabeenthira, Kaitlin M. Young, Gajuna Mathiyalagan, Austyn Baumeister, K. Pussegoda, Lisa A. Waddell","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.326","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Wastewater monitoring is an approach to identify the presence or abundance of pathogens within a population. The objective of this scoping review (ScR) was to identify and characterize research on human pathogens and antimicrobial resistance detected in untreated human wastewater and sludge. A search was conducted up to March 2023 and the standard ScR methodology was followed. This ScR included 1,722 articles, of which 56.5% were conducted after the emergence of COVID-19. Viruses and bacteria were commonly investigated, while research on protozoa, helminths, and fungi was infrequent. Articles prior to 2019 were dominated by research on pathogens transmitted through fecal–oral or waterborne pathways, whereas more recent articles have explored the detection of pathogens transmitted through other pathways such as respiratory and vector-borne. There was variation in sampling, samples, and sample processing across studies. The current evidence suggests that wastewater monitoring could be applied to a large range of pathogens as a public health tool to detect an emerging pathogen and understand the burden and spread of disease to inform decision-making. Further development and refinement of the methods to identify and interpret wastewater signals for different prioritized pathogens are needed to develop gold standards on when, why, and how to monitor effectively.","PeriodicalId":502550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Health","volume":" 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139619771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Priority setting for global WASH challenges in the age of wastewater-based epidemiological surveillance 在以废水为基础的流行病学监测时代确定全球讲卫生运动挑战的优先事项

Journal of Water and Health Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.298

S. Dorevitch, Abhilasha Shrestha

引用次数: 0

Risk factors for dental caries: a case study in peatlands and non-peatlands of West Kalimantan, Indonesia 龋齿的风险因素：印度尼西亚西加里曼丹泥炭地和非泥炭地的案例研究

Journal of Water and Health Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.271

Sri Rezki, Sunardi Sunardi, Dudi Aripin, Khayan Khayan, Pawarti Pawarti, Aisya Rezki Noeriman

{"title":"Risk factors for dental caries: a case study in peatlands and non-peatlands of West Kalimantan, Indonesia","authors":"Sri Rezki, Sunardi Sunardi, Dudi Aripin, Khayan Khayan, Pawarti Pawarti, Aisya Rezki Noeriman","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.271","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The prevalence cases of dental caries in peatlands and non-peatlands in West Kalimantan require preventive acts based on its natural conditions and the behavior of local communities. The aim of the research was to analyze risk factors for dental caries in communities living in peatlands and non-peatlands in West Kalimantan. The research is a causal comparative study with a cross-sectional approach. The samples were chosen by a purposive sampling technique among adolescents aged 17–27 years, who were domiciled in Pontianak City (peatland) and Bengkayang (non-peatland) all their lives. The results showed that dental caries is significantly correlated with debris in peatlands (rs = 0.289). On non-peatlands, dental caries is correlated with drinking water phosphate (rs = 0.313) and calculus (rs = 0.034). In West Kalimantan, dental caries is significantly correlated with drinking water minerals (fluoride rs = −0.243; phosphate rs = 0.260), drinking water pH (rs = 0.235), behavior (rs = −0.327), and debris (rs = 0.240). The risk factor for dental caries in peatlands is debris, while in non-peatlands, the risk factors are calculus and water phosphate. In general, the risk factors for dental caries in peatlands and non-peatlands in West Kalimantan are pH and drinking water minerals (fluoride and calcium), debris, calculus, and behavior.","PeriodicalId":502550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Health","volume":"44 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139533739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of current water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices in the third and ninth districts of N'Djamena, Chad 评估乍得恩贾梅纳第三区和第九区当前的水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）做法

Journal of Water and Health Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.324

Daniel Mangueina, E. Awuah, Mathias Fonteh, Prince Antwi Agyei, Emmanuel Tao Nadji

{"title":"Assessment of current water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices in the third and ninth districts of N'Djamena, Chad","authors":"Daniel Mangueina, E. Awuah, Mathias Fonteh, Prince Antwi Agyei, Emmanuel Tao Nadji","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.324","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in Chad's cities, especially N'Djamena, is a persistent and significant challenge. This study aimed to assess current practices in water, sanitation, and hygiene in N'Djamena's third and ninth districts. We surveyed 395 households, conducted water source identification, and analyzed seven water samples at the National Water Laboratory. Temperature, ammonium, total coliforms, and aerobic flora values exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Ammonium and temperature averaged 0.7 mg/L and 30.1–31.93 °C, respectively. Bacterial contamination (>100 MPN/100 mL) exceeded the WHO's 0 MPN/100 mL guidelines, rendering the water unfit for consumption. Survey results indicate that 78.7% use hand pumps, 21.1% have tap water access, and 0.2% rely on rivers for water. Regarding toilets, 92.8% have traditional models, 2.9% have modern facilities, and 4.3% practice open defecation. 95% dispose of untreated wastewater into nature, with only 5% using septic tanks. For solid waste, 72% use illegal dumpsites, 18% rely on public services, and 10% burn waste. Finally, 95.5% of households wash their hands with clean water and soap after using the toilet. It is crucial to treat drinking water and implement proper hygiene and sanitation measures to safeguard the population's health in the studied area.","PeriodicalId":502550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Health","volume":"4 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of woodchips-amended biosand filter for nitrate and MS2 bacteriophage reduction 评估木屑改良生物砂过滤器减少硝酸盐和 MS2 噬菌体的效果

Journal of Water and Health Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.117

Chunhwa Jang, Hongxu Zhou, Elbashir Araud, Thanh H. Nguyen, R. Bhattarai

{"title":"Evaluation of woodchips-amended biosand filter for nitrate and MS2 bacteriophage reduction","authors":"Chunhwa Jang, Hongxu Zhou, Elbashir Araud, Thanh H. Nguyen, R. Bhattarai","doi":"10.2166/wh.2023.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2023.117","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, two types of woodchip-amended biosand filters (Filter A sand: woodchip = 33%: 67% versus Filter B sand: woodchip = 50%: 50%, by volume) were constructed, and their abilities to remove MS2 bacteriophage and nitrate were investigated. The results indicated that Filter A and Filter B could reduce nitrate up to 40 and 36%, respectively, indicating that the nitrate reduction increased with the increase in woodchip proportion. The study underscores a positive correlation between nitrate reduction and proportional increase in woodchip content, implying the potential for fine-tuning nitrate removal by varying sand–woodchip compositions. W-BSFs could remove MS2 bacteriophage to 1.91-log10 (98.8%) by Filter A and 1.88-log10 (98.7%) by Filter B over 39 weeks. The difference in sand–woodchip proportion did not significantly impact the MS2 reduction, demonstrating that a single W-BSF can maintain its virus removal performance fairly well over a long-term period. These results indicated that the nitrate reduction could be adjusted by varying sand–woodchip contents without impacting virus removal performance. Microbial community analysis indicated that the nitrate removal by the W-BSFs could be attributed to the denitrifying bacteria, such as the family Streptomycetaceae, the genera Pseudomonas, and Bacillus, and relative abundances of the phylum Nitrospirae.","PeriodicalId":502550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Health","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the genotoxic potential of wastewater effluents from three wastewater treatment plants in South Africa 评估南非三家污水处理厂排放的废水的遗传毒性潜力

Journal of Water and Health Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.183

Rahzia Hendricks, Hein H. Du Preez

{"title":"Assessing the genotoxic potential of wastewater effluents from three wastewater treatment plants in South Africa","authors":"Rahzia Hendricks, Hein H. Du Preez","doi":"10.2166/wh.2023.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2023.183","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater treatment plants are mainly monitored for quality in terms of their biological oxygen demand and microbiological constituents as stipulated in the specific discharge permit. Wastewater influents and effluents were taken from three WWTPs in South Africa over the summer and winter seasons. Previous toxicity tests such as the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence assay and the Selenastrum capricornutum algal growth inhibition test have shown that the effluents displayed acute toxicity. To further investigate the quality of the effluent, the genotoxic potential was determined using the SOS Chromosome and UMU Chromosome test. The SOS Chromotest demonstrated induction factor values of above 1.5 for influents during both seasons indicating that the influents were genotoxic (p < 0.05). Effluents discharged during winter and summer also had induction factors greater than 1.5 (p < 0.05). A range of induction factors was detected with the UMU-Chromotest for influents and effluents (1.98 ± 0.38 and 2.40 ± 0.51, respectively). Findings show point sources in the area can lead to influents and effluents that are potentially genotoxic. Designing a monitoring programme that encompasses testing of both the regulatory determinants with additional specialized tests can provide a more holistic view of wastewater quality and the efficiency of WWTP to reduce the discharge of hazards.","PeriodicalId":502550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Health","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular detection of waterborne pathogens in infant's drinking water and their relationship with water quality determinants in Eastern Ethiopia: loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based study 埃塞俄比亚东部婴儿饮用水中水传播病原体的分子检测及其与水质决定因素的关系：基于环介导等温扩增技术（LAMP）的研究

Journal of Water and Health Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.201

Samuel Mebrahtom, A. Worku, Daniel Joseph Gage, Heven Sime, Adugna Abera

{"title":"Molecular detection of waterborne pathogens in infant's drinking water and their relationship with water quality determinants in Eastern Ethiopia: loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based study","authors":"Samuel Mebrahtom, A. Worku, Daniel Joseph Gage, Heven Sime, Adugna Abera","doi":"10.2166/wh.2023.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2023.201","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptosporidium, Shigella, toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and rotavirus were reported to be the most responsible for severe and fatal diarrhea among infants. This study aimed to investigate the presence of these pathogens in infant's drinking water samples and analyzing using water quality determinants in Eastern Ethiopia. A molecular (LAMP)-based cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 410 and 37 water samples were tested from infant point-of-use at household and corresponding water source, respectively, from June 2020 to May, 2021. Cryptosporidium, Shigella, toxin-producing E. coli, and rotavirus were detected in 28.5, 30.0, 26.3, and 32.2%, of water samples tested from infant point-of-use, respectively. About 13.2% of the water samples were positive for all (four) pathogens together. Cryptosporidium, Shigella, toxin-producing E. coli, and rotavirus were detected in 27.0, 32.4, 29.7, and 37.8%, of water samples tested from water sources, respectively. Positive significant correlation was observed between infant point-of-consumption and water sources from which it is drawn toward the presence of each targeted pathogens. Unimproved water source showed a strong significant association with the presence of Cryptosporidium, Shigella and toxin-producing E. coli. Therefore, efforts should be made on development of improved water sources, source protection safety and health education to caretakers of infants.","PeriodicalId":502550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Health","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Water safety planning for healthcare facilities for extreme events 医疗保健设施应对极端事件的水安全规划

Journal of Water and Health Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.102

S. Krause, Elena Joel, Christian Schaum, J. Bäumer, Nadine Rücker, I. Wienand, Christoph Sturm, Bernhard Jahn-Mühl, Manuel Geiger, Alexander Fekete, Sophie van der Heijden, Christine Heinzel, Simone Sandholz

{"title":"Water safety planning for healthcare facilities for extreme events","authors":"S. Krause, Elena Joel, Christian Schaum, J. Bäumer, Nadine Rücker, I. Wienand, Christoph Sturm, Bernhard Jahn-Mühl, Manuel Geiger, Alexander Fekete, Sophie van der Heijden, Christine Heinzel, Simone Sandholz","doi":"10.2166/wh.2023.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2023.102","url":null,"abstract":"Disasters such as the Ahr Valley flood in 2021 make us aware of the importance of functioning healthcare facilities. Their functionality depends on the availability of drinking water. Water safety planning is a long-established method to increase the safety of water utilities. Our work supports the implementation of water safety planning in healthcare facilities during normal operations and emergency situations concerning the water supply. The authors conducted a stakeholder mapping exercise and problem awareness analysis. Based on these results, it was identified what is needed to overcome barriers to water safety planning (WSP). Building on existing procedures, the WSP concept, and latest scientific findings, an event-specific risk assessment method for healthcare facilities was developed and applied in a case study. Based on an analysis of water demand, water-related processes, and infrastructure, potentially necessary components for establishing an emergency supply were identified. For these, based on technical and legal requirements, planning principles were developed, and prototypes of components for emergency water supply were built. They were tested in pilot trials, particularly regarding hygienic safety. For the management of crises in hospitals, a survey was carried out on the command structures used in practice. Finally, recommendations were drawn based on the German Hospital Incident Command System.","PeriodicalId":502550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Health","volume":"5 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139186707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0