Journal of Building Physics最新文献

{"title":"Predictive heating load management and energy flexibility analysis in residential sector using an archetype gray-box modeling approach: Application to an experimental house in Québec.","authors":"Matin Abtahi, Andreas Athienitis, Benoit Delcroix","doi":"10.1177/17442591241267833","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17442591241267833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents a methodology to develop archetype gray-box models and use them in an economic model-based predictive control algorithm to simulate optimal heating load management in response to a newly-introduced static time-of-use tariff for Québec's residential sector, rate Flex-D. The methodology is evaluated through a case study, wherein in situ measurements from a two-storey unoccupied research house of Hydro-Québec are used to develop an 11R6C network with a heuristic zoning-by-floor approach and compute the sequence of optimal electric heating input for the next control horizon. Properly-tuned economic model-based predictive control under rate Flex-D shows potential for an approximately 30% reduction in daily heating cost compared to the reference operation, with a minimal average deviation of indoor air temperature from the reference setpoint. Also, the analysis of the response's sensitivity to weather forecast uncertainties indicates that the most influential uncontrolled input directing the performance of economic model-based predictive control is the structure price signal, rendering the impact of uncertainty in the weather forecast negligible.</p>","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"48 3","pages":"442-466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of complex window-glazing systems for building energy saving and daylight comfort: Glazing technologies and their building performance prediction","authors":"Xue Li, Yupeng Wu","doi":"10.1177/17442591241269182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17442591241269182","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing energy consumption and detrimental CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions contributing to global warming underscore the urgent necessity for energy conservation, especially within buildings. Among different building components, fenestration plays a pivotal role as it accounts for the majority of heat transfer across the building envelope. This emphasises the significance of window-glazing technologies in enhancing their thermal performance. Furthermore, window-glazing systems can lead to overheating issues, particularly in summer, and glare issues, especially in winter. These challenges have spurred the development of various advanced glazing systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these advanced glazing technologies based on their functionalities and working principles, with a focus on parameters such as U-value, solar heat gain coefficient and visible transmittance. Among these technologies, vacuum and aerogel glazing systems exhibit superior thermal insulation properties, with U-values below 1 W/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> K, making them suitable for heating-dominated climates. Smart window systems, such as electrochromic windows, are ideal for cooling-dominated climates due to their low solar heat gain coefficient (0.09–0.47) and visible transmittance (0.02–0.62). Photovoltaic window systems not only provide effective thermal insulation and solar shading but also produce additional power for on-site use. Some of these glazing systems feature complex structures, which present challenges when integrating them into existing building simulation software to assess their impact on building performance. Therefore, this paper also examines techniques for conducting energy and daylight performance simulations for buildings that make use of complex window systems. Ultimately, the authors propose an approach to characterise the thermal, optical and electrical properties of a complex photovoltaic window system within existing building simulation software, such as EnergyPlus. This approach facilitates a thorough investigation into the effects of complex window systems on building energy efficiency and indoor comfort.","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind environment and pollutant dispersion around high-rise buildings with different void space structures","authors":"Linyu Meng, Botong Li, Xinhui Si, Chenguang Cao","doi":"10.1177/17442591241267815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17442591241267815","url":null,"abstract":"In modern cities, the designs of high-rise buildings are no longer limited to a simple hexahedron. Void spaces emerge where designers add terraces into the building, setting up leisure areas, wind turbines, fresh air systems, etc. As void space structures have a significant impact on the wind environment and pollutant dispersion around high-rise buildings, this study conducts computational fluid dynamics numerical simulations on six high-rise building models with different void region structures. The findings show that both the position and size of void space structures have significant impacts on the wind environment and pollutant dispersion around high-rise buildings. A wall in the wind path in the void space can reduce the wind force and can lower the pollutant concentration on the leeward side. Therefore, it is deemed advisable to set up a leisure area or sky garden in the leeward of this layer of this structure. In addition, when the void space is located just in the middle of the void region layer, pollutants can easily accumulate on the leeward side. Therefore, a fresh air system should be installed at the leeward side to remove pollutants and wind turbines can be installed in voids with high wind speed to use wind power.","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Definition, estimation and decoupling of the overall uncertainty of the outdoor air temperature measurement surrounding a building envelope","authors":"Catalina Giraldo-Soto, Aitor Erkoreka, Laurent Mora, Amaia Uriarte, Pablo Eguía-Oller, Christopher Gorse","doi":"10.1177/17442591241269195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17442591241269195","url":null,"abstract":"Outdoor air temperature represents a fundamental physical variable that needs to be considered when characterising the energy behaviour of buildings and its subsystems. Research, for both simulation and monitoring, usually assumes that the outdoor air temperature is homogeneous around the building envelope, and when measured, it is common to have a unique measurement representing this hypothetical homogeneous outdoor air temperature. Furthermore, the uncertainty associated with this measurement (when given by the research study) is normally limited to the accuracy of the sensor given by the manufacturer. This research aims to define and quantify the overall uncertainty of this hypothetical homogeneous outdoor air temperature measurement. It is well known that there is considerable variability in outdoor air temperature around the building and measurements are dependent on the physical location of outdoor air temperature sensors. In this research work, this existing spatial variability has been defined as a random error of the hypothetical homogeneous outdoor air temperature measurement, which in turn has been defined as the average temperature of several sensors located randomly around the building envelope. Then, some of these random error sources which induce spatial variability would be the cardinal orientation of the sensor, the incidence of solar radiation, the outdoor air temperature stratification, the speed and variations of the wind and the shadows of neighbouring elements, among others. In addition, the uncertainty associated with the systematic errors of this hypothetical homogeneous outdoor air temperature measurement has been defined as the Temperature Sensor Uncertainty [Formula: see text] where this uncertainty is associated with the sensor’s accuracy. Based on these hypotheses, a detailed statistical procedure has been developed to estimate the overall Temperature Uncertainty [Formula: see text]) of this hypothetical homogeneous outdoor air temperature measurement and the Temperature Sensor Uncertainty [Formula: see text]. Finally, an uncertainty decoupling method has also been developed that permits the uncertainty associated with random errors (Temperature’s Spatial Uncertainty [Formula: see text]) to be estimated, based on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] values. The method has been implemented for measuring the outdoor air temperature surrounding an in-use tertiary building envelope, for which an exterior monitoring system has been designed and randomly installed. The results show that the overall Temperature Uncertainty [Formula: see text] for the whole monitored period is equal to ±2.22°C. The most notable result is that the uncertainty associated with random errors of measurement (Temperature’s Spatial Uncertainty [Formula: see text]) represents more than 99% of the overall uncertainty; while the Temperature Sensor Uncertainty [Formula: see text], which is the one commonly used as the overall uncertainty for the ","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hygrothermal risk assessment tool for brick walls in a changing climate","authors":"Kaat Janssens, Isabeau Vandemeulebroucke, Valentina Marincioni, Nathan Van Den Bossche","doi":"10.1177/17442591241266484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17442591241266484","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the heritage value of historical buildings, external facades can often not be modified. Therefore, in heritage buildings interior insulation is often considered when undergoing an energy renovation. However, interior retrofitting drastically changes the hygrothermal behaviour of a wall and can potentially cause moisture-related problems. Besides an interior retrofit, a changing climate might also trigger some of these damage mechanisms as parameters such as temperature and precipitation will change over time. Hygrothermal models can provide relevant insights into the risk of deterioration associated with these damage phenomena. However, these Heat, Air and Moisture (HAM) tools are commercially available but rarely used in the building industry to study deterioration risks. Translating research into practical tools and guidelines is a challenge across the whole field of building renovation. This paper aims to tackle that challenge, by means of creating a hygrothermal risk assessment tool based on 48,384 HAM-simulations for the climate of Brussels, Belgium. Seven different performance criteria are addressed and discussed: freeze-thaw damage, mould growth, wood rot, corrosion, moisture accumulation, salt efflorescence and bio-colonisation. Subsequent to a sensitivity analysis, the study further explains how these results can be translated into practice, providing building practitioners the most suitable insights and recommendations. The development of an interactive web tool to assess hygrothermal risks is demonstrated and its use and benefits are further elaborated.","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of machine learning methods for identifying the 15 CIE standard skies","authors":"Emmanuel I Aghimien, Danny HW Li, Ernest KW Tsang, Favour D Agbajor","doi":"10.1177/17442591241266836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17442591241266836","url":null,"abstract":"For energy-efficient building designs, the solar irradiance and daylight illuminance derived from the CIE standard skies are useful. Over time, the sky luminance distributions have been used to identify these standard skies, but these are sparingly measured. Thus, the use of available climatic variables has become a viable alternative. Nevertheless, it is necessary to determine if these climatic variables could correctly identify these skies. This study addresses the lack of luminance distribution measurement by classifying the standard skies using measured climatic data in Hong Kong. The classification approach was improved by using the machine learning (ML) method. For comparative analysis, five popular ML classification algorithms i.e., decision tree (DT), k-nearest neigbhour (KNN), light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), random forest (RF) and support vector machines (SVM) were used. The findings show that accuracies of 68.1, 73.1, 74.3, 74.5, and 75.4% were obtained for the DT, KNN, SVM, LGBM, and RF models, respectively. Similarly, the F1 scores were 66.6, 70.2, 71.8, 72.1 and 72.9%, for the DT, KNN, SVM, LGBM, and RF models. The result shows that the RF model gave the best performance while DT performed the least. Also, the obtained accuracies and F1 scores show that all models would classify the standard skies with reasonable accuracy. Furthermore, feature importance was done, and it was found that K<jats:sub>d</jats:sub>, T<jats:sub>v</jats:sub>, K<jats:sub>t</jats:sub>, α, sun, and cld are the most important input parameters for sky classification. Lastly, vertical solar irradiance ( G<jats:sub>VT</jats:sub>) and illuminance ( G<jats:sub>VL</jats:sub>) were estimated using the skies predicted by the proposed models. Upon predictions, it was observed that the G<jats:sub>VT</jats:sub> ranged from 14.7 to 24.6% while the G<jats:sub>VL</jats:sub> from 13.8 to 19.9%. Generally, most of the predictions were less than 20%, which shows good predictions were obtained from the models.","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical and experimental analysis of building walls thermal performance","authors":"Joelle Al Fakhoury, Emilio Sassine, Yassine Cherif, Joseph Dgheim, Emmanuel Antczak","doi":"10.1177/17442591241254789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17442591241254789","url":null,"abstract":"The building sector represents a significant proportion of the world’s energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. One of the possible contributions to reducing this problem is to improve the energy performance of buildings by acting on their envelope and systems. Consequently, the aim of this work is to develop an experimental and numerical methods for characterizing the thermal performance of a concrete masonry hollow wall, in order to propose a new configuration that can be used to improve its thermal performance. First, this study focuses on the thermal performance of different wall configurations. Then, each case studied at wall scale, was modeled, and simulated in 3D using COMSOL Multiphysics<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> software under the same conditions, properties and dimensions as the one tested experimentally. Finally, this analysis was applied to a real building in Lebanon, consisting of hollow concrete masonry walls, to study its energy and thermal requirements. The conclusions showed that the numerical and experimental results proposed for the hollow masonry block wall confirm a good match. This validates the value of this method in the construction sector by proposing new methods for improving its thermal and energy performance.","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141786321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of mathematical correlations to predict performance of forced ventilated Photovoltaic-DSF system in hot composite climate","authors":"Sajan Preet, Sanjay Mathur, Jyotirmay Mathur, Manoj Kumar Sharma, Amartya Chowdhury","doi":"10.1177/17442591241247327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17442591241247327","url":null,"abstract":"Performance of Photovoltaic-double skin façade (Photovoltaic-DSF) system in summer has been critical. Owing to high solar ingress, cooling requirement of a building significantly increases. Photovoltaic-DSF system provides a shield and controls the heat gain through fenestration in the interior spaces. In the present article, mathematical correlations are developed to analyse energy behaviour of forced-ventilated Photovoltaic-DSF system in India’s hot summer zone, that is, Jaipur. The Photovoltaic-DSF system has been installed and monitored for Jaipur’s summer months (May to July). L25 Orthogonal array of design parameters (air cavity thickness, air velocity and PV panel’s transparency) and their respective levels have been developed using Taguchi design to perform experiments. Based on experimental results, multiple linear regression has been used to forecast solar heat gain coefficient, PVs electrical power and daylighting illuminance indoors as function of design factors. The statistical significance of mathematical relationships is supported by variance analysis, which is found to be in good accord with field measurements ( R<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> &gt; 0.90). The proposed correlations are pragmatic in designing Photovoltaic-DSF systems for hot summer conditions. The Photovoltaic-DSF system with 30% transmittance and air velocity of 5 m/s in 200 mm air cavity thickness achieved maximum energy performance in hot summers.","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational and experimental analysis of PCM-infused brick for sustainable heat regulation","authors":"Amira Dellagi, Rabeb Ayed, Salwa Bouadila, AmenAllah Guizani","doi":"10.1177/17442591241255966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17442591241255966","url":null,"abstract":"Examining the thermodynamics of phase change materials (PCMs) when merged into construction materials is a significant subject within the realm of building science and environmental responsibility. When infused to construction materials like bricks, PCMs have the capacity to elevate a building’s temperature regulation by minimizing the energy required for thermal contentment. This research is dedicated to learn about the thermal conduct and the consequences of the fusion of calcium chloride hexahydrate mineral (CCHPCM) within the pores of a masonry unit. To achieve this, we implemented a practical testing specifically designed to scrutinize how CCHPCMs alter the thermal performance of studied compounds. Multiple configurations were designed by adjusting the arrangement of CCHPCM within the bricks, resulting in three distinct setups. The first set involved filling one row of the bricks, the second set entailed filling two rows, and the final configuration entailed filling all the pores with PCM. Additionally, a computational modeling was executed to survey the thermic behavior of bricks infused with CCHPCM, operating with COMSOL Multiphysics application program. The elaborated work concluded to having an enhancement of the brick’s thermal storage capacity, for Set-3, in which all rows of bricks are filled with PCM, a delay of 2 h is observed compared to Set-0 the brick without CCHPCM. This simulation also encompassed comparative findings regarding the thermal performance of CCHPCM when incorporated into the masonry unit. Overall, this study supplied the valorization of CCHPCMs infused in masonry units and their usage in distinct layouts on upgrading its candidature to achieving environmental responsibility.","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy efficiency of ecological buildings in Tunisia: Natural fiber composites and passive strategies impact","authors":"Hela Guesmi, Meriem Soussi, Fakhreddine Abbassi, Ali Adili, Leila Dehmani","doi":"10.1177/17442591241246053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17442591241246053","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the thermal insulation and energy efficiency of building envelopes is a major objective worldwide and has significantly developed in the recent years. This study aims to evaluate the impact of ecological additive and passive strategies on building energy efficiency. An experimental study was carried out to examine the effect of the incorporation of treated Alfa and Posidonia-Oceanica fibers on the thermal properties of cement and gypsum composite samples. The experimental results were then introduced in a numerical study using TRNSYS software to perform a comparison of the energy efficiency and thermal performance of three individual buildings; two ones constructed with our ecological materials and the third one with typical materials is considered as a reference case under the Tunisian climate. The obtained results indicate that the buildings built with Alfa fibers (BAF) and Posidonia-Oceanica fibers (BPOF) are economically effective since they allow a decrease of about 48.20% and 43.48% in heating, 45.71% and 42.77% in cooling, leading to a reduction in CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emission of 47.90% and 43.40%, respectively, in comparison with the reference case. The investigation also focuses on the improvement of the ecological building envelope by a storage wall integrated on the south front and shaded by solar movable overhangs during the summer season. The indoor climate results reveal that incorporating passive strategies into the building improves indoor air temperature and preserves a comfortable indoor relative humidity. Heating requirements decrease by 82.82% for BAF and by 79.76% for BPOF. The cooling requirements of the reference building are also reduced by 63.46% for BAF and 60.45% for BPOF by the use of natural night ventilation (4 ACH) and the appropriate shading for Trombe walls and windows. Consequently, the implementation of passive strategies on the ecological buildings led to a net reduction in CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions by up to 80.55% for BAF, compared to the reference case.","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140829133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}