Journal of Building Physics最新文献

{"title":"Comparative analysis of deep learning and tree-based models in power demand prediction: Accuracy, interpretability, and computational efficiency.","authors":"Bowen Yang, Mustafa Gül, Yuxiang Chen","doi":"10.1177/17442591251333144","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17442591251333144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research and development have demonstrated that effective building energy prediction is significant for enhancing energy efficiency and ensuring grid reliability. Many machine learning (ML) models, particularly deep learning (DL) approaches, are widely used for power or peak demand forecasting. However, evaluating prediction models solely based on accuracy is insufficient, as complex models often suffer from low interpretability and high computational costs, making them difficult to implement in real-world applications. This study proposes a multi-perspective evaluation analysis that includes prediction accuracy (both overall and at different power levels), interpretability (global/local perspectives and model structure), and computational efficiency. Three popular DL models-recurrent neural network, gated recurrent unit, long short-term memory, and three tree-based models-random forecast, extreme gradient boosting, and light gradient boosting machine-are analyzed due to their popularity and high prediction accuracy in the field of power demand prediction. The comparison reveals the following: (1) The best-performing prediction model changes under different power demand levels. In scenarios with lower power usage patterns, tree-based models achieve an average CV-RMSE of 13.62%, which is comparable to the 12.17% average CV-RMSE of DL models. (2) Global and local interpretations indicate that past power use and time-related features are the most important. Tree-based models excel at identifying which specific lagged features are more significant. (3) The DL model behavior can be interpreted by visualizing the hidden state at each layer to reveal how the model captures temporal dynamics across different time steps. However, tree-based models are more intuitive to interpret using straightforward decision rules and structures. This study provides guidance for applying ML algorithms to load forecasting, offering multiple perspectives on model selection trade-offs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"49 1","pages":"127-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven modelling of pressurized corridor ventilation system performance in a multi-unit residential building.","authors":"Helen Stopps, Cara H Lozinsky, Marianne F Touchie","doi":"10.1177/17442591251317727","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17442591251317727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pressurized corridor (PC) ventilation systems are a common method used in existing multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs) to deliver make-up air to individual units, and as a means of controlling inter-zonal odour/contaminant transfer. In PC systems, ventilation air is supplied directly to the common corridor and enters the units via intentional undercuts at the unit entry doors. In practice, the amount of ventilation air supplied to each unit is dependent on the air pressure differential between the two zones, which can be affected by occupant behaviours, such as window and unit exhaust fan operation; wind; or large indoor-outdoor temperature differentials. Accurately characterizing the impact of these variables on building pressure differentials is critical to not only identifying conditions when depressurization events may occur (which would result in a lack of ventilation to dwelling unit and the potential for contaminant movement from units to the corridor), but also understanding how operational changes can improve system operation. This paper will describe the development of an XGBoost regression model for predicting inter-zonal pressure differentials in a contemporary MURB with a PC system. The model was trained and validated using measurements collected as part of a 6-month field study in a 17-storey MURB located in Toronto, Canada, including corridor-to-unit and exterior-to-unit differential pressures, window/door operation, corridor supply air flow rates and interior/exterior temperature and relative humidity. Unit exhaust fan operation was inferred from the unit differential pressure data. This paper addresses feature selection, hyperparameter tuning and accuracy assessment, with a specific emphasis on evaluating the potential for the use of the model as a diagnostic tool and testing environment to evaluate ventilation system performance in multi-unit residential buildings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"49 1","pages":"5-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy targeting of abandoned mines to supply greenhouse energy demand in cold climates.","authors":"Hosein Faramarzpour, Christopher Reddick, Mikhail Sorin, Jasmin Raymond, Michel Grégoire","doi":"10.1177/17442591241298657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17442591241298657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The combination of a Solar Assisted Geothermal Heat Pump system (SAGHP) with a multi-zone greenhouse is investigated to take advantage of water flooding in abandoned open pit mines in Canada. The envisioned system includes an Air Handling Unit (AHU), Heat Recovery Ventilation (HRV), daily Thermal Energy Storage (TES), and daily Domestic Hot Water (DHW). The main objective is to satisfy the greenhouse heating, cooling, and dehumidification loads, for the considered application, while minimizing energy consumption. This analysis is conducted using data extracted from a case study of a commercial, multi-zone greenhouse, considering different daily weather conditions throughout a year. To reduce the computation time, a clustering approach based on the K-Means method is applied to obtain a small number of typical weather days. Elbow, Dendrogram, and Silhouette approaches confirmed that it is possible to represent a year as six different Typical Days (TD), which can be further categorized as Heating only (TD1 and TD2), Heating/Cooling (TD3 and TD4), and Cooling only (TD5 and TD6). Dynamic Pinch Approach (DPA) showed a great ability to target the minimum energy consumption and maximize the potential heat recovery for each typical day. The study focuses on energy targeting, with discussion of preliminary design considerations, such as the solar hot water (SHW) system, Thermal Energy Storage (TES), and heat pumping. Results revealed that mine water can significantly improve the energy system efficiency, specifically where heating/cooling or only cooling is dominant (TD3, TD4, TD5, and TD6). For instance, by integrating an AHU with the greenhouse for the TDs where heating/cooling is dominant, 22.5% energy saving is achievable. The incorporation of heat pumping, waste heat recovery, and solar thermal collectors through mixed direct/indirect heat recovery (i.e. via TES) can reduce hot utility usage in the considered application by as much as 40%.</p>","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"48 4","pages":"609-639"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11790393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive heating load management and energy flexibility analysis in residential sector using an archetype gray-box modeling approach: Application to an experimental house in Québec.","authors":"Matin Abtahi, Andreas Athienitis, Benoit Delcroix","doi":"10.1177/17442591241267833","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17442591241267833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents a methodology to develop archetype gray-box models and use them in an economic model-based predictive control algorithm to simulate optimal heating load management in response to a newly-introduced static time-of-use tariff for Québec's residential sector, rate Flex-D. The methodology is evaluated through a case study, wherein in situ measurements from a two-storey unoccupied research house of Hydro-Québec are used to develop an 11R6C network with a heuristic zoning-by-floor approach and compute the sequence of optimal electric heating input for the next control horizon. Properly-tuned economic model-based predictive control under rate Flex-D shows potential for an approximately 30% reduction in daily heating cost compared to the reference operation, with a minimal average deviation of indoor air temperature from the reference setpoint. Also, the analysis of the response's sensitivity to weather forecast uncertainties indicates that the most influential uncontrolled input directing the performance of economic model-based predictive control is the structure price signal, rendering the impact of uncertainty in the weather forecast negligible.</p>","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"48 3","pages":"442-466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind environment and pollutant dispersion around high-rise buildings with different void space structures","authors":"Linyu Meng, Botong Li, Xinhui Si, Chenguang Cao","doi":"10.1177/17442591241267815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17442591241267815","url":null,"abstract":"In modern cities, the designs of high-rise buildings are no longer limited to a simple hexahedron. Void spaces emerge where designers add terraces into the building, setting up leisure areas, wind turbines, fresh air systems, etc. As void space structures have a significant impact on the wind environment and pollutant dispersion around high-rise buildings, this study conducts computational fluid dynamics numerical simulations on six high-rise building models with different void region structures. The findings show that both the position and size of void space structures have significant impacts on the wind environment and pollutant dispersion around high-rise buildings. A wall in the wind path in the void space can reduce the wind force and can lower the pollutant concentration on the leeward side. Therefore, it is deemed advisable to set up a leisure area or sky garden in the leeward of this layer of this structure. In addition, when the void space is located just in the middle of the void region layer, pollutants can easily accumulate on the leeward side. Therefore, a fresh air system should be installed at the leeward side to remove pollutants and wind turbines can be installed in voids with high wind speed to use wind power.","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Definition, estimation and decoupling of the overall uncertainty of the outdoor air temperature measurement surrounding a building envelope","authors":"Catalina Giraldo-Soto, Aitor Erkoreka, Laurent Mora, Amaia Uriarte, Pablo Eguía-Oller, Christopher Gorse","doi":"10.1177/17442591241269195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17442591241269195","url":null,"abstract":"Outdoor air temperature represents a fundamental physical variable that needs to be considered when characterising the energy behaviour of buildings and its subsystems. Research, for both simulation and monitoring, usually assumes that the outdoor air temperature is homogeneous around the building envelope, and when measured, it is common to have a unique measurement representing this hypothetical homogeneous outdoor air temperature. Furthermore, the uncertainty associated with this measurement (when given by the research study) is normally limited to the accuracy of the sensor given by the manufacturer. This research aims to define and quantify the overall uncertainty of this hypothetical homogeneous outdoor air temperature measurement. It is well known that there is considerable variability in outdoor air temperature around the building and measurements are dependent on the physical location of outdoor air temperature sensors. In this research work, this existing spatial variability has been defined as a random error of the hypothetical homogeneous outdoor air temperature measurement, which in turn has been defined as the average temperature of several sensors located randomly around the building envelope. Then, some of these random error sources which induce spatial variability would be the cardinal orientation of the sensor, the incidence of solar radiation, the outdoor air temperature stratification, the speed and variations of the wind and the shadows of neighbouring elements, among others. In addition, the uncertainty associated with the systematic errors of this hypothetical homogeneous outdoor air temperature measurement has been defined as the Temperature Sensor Uncertainty [Formula: see text] where this uncertainty is associated with the sensor’s accuracy. Based on these hypotheses, a detailed statistical procedure has been developed to estimate the overall Temperature Uncertainty [Formula: see text]) of this hypothetical homogeneous outdoor air temperature measurement and the Temperature Sensor Uncertainty [Formula: see text]. Finally, an uncertainty decoupling method has also been developed that permits the uncertainty associated with random errors (Temperature’s Spatial Uncertainty [Formula: see text]) to be estimated, based on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] values. The method has been implemented for measuring the outdoor air temperature surrounding an in-use tertiary building envelope, for which an exterior monitoring system has been designed and randomly installed. The results show that the overall Temperature Uncertainty [Formula: see text] for the whole monitored period is equal to ±2.22°C. The most notable result is that the uncertainty associated with random errors of measurement (Temperature’s Spatial Uncertainty [Formula: see text]) represents more than 99% of the overall uncertainty; while the Temperature Sensor Uncertainty [Formula: see text], which is the one commonly used as the overall uncertainty for the ","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hygrothermal risk assessment tool for brick walls in a changing climate","authors":"Kaat Janssens, Isabeau Vandemeulebroucke, Valentina Marincioni, Nathan Van Den Bossche","doi":"10.1177/17442591241266484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17442591241266484","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the heritage value of historical buildings, external facades can often not be modified. Therefore, in heritage buildings interior insulation is often considered when undergoing an energy renovation. However, interior retrofitting drastically changes the hygrothermal behaviour of a wall and can potentially cause moisture-related problems. Besides an interior retrofit, a changing climate might also trigger some of these damage mechanisms as parameters such as temperature and precipitation will change over time. Hygrothermal models can provide relevant insights into the risk of deterioration associated with these damage phenomena. However, these Heat, Air and Moisture (HAM) tools are commercially available but rarely used in the building industry to study deterioration risks. Translating research into practical tools and guidelines is a challenge across the whole field of building renovation. This paper aims to tackle that challenge, by means of creating a hygrothermal risk assessment tool based on 48,384 HAM-simulations for the climate of Brussels, Belgium. Seven different performance criteria are addressed and discussed: freeze-thaw damage, mould growth, wood rot, corrosion, moisture accumulation, salt efflorescence and bio-colonisation. Subsequent to a sensitivity analysis, the study further explains how these results can be translated into practice, providing building practitioners the most suitable insights and recommendations. The development of an interactive web tool to assess hygrothermal risks is demonstrated and its use and benefits are further elaborated.","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical and experimental analysis of building walls thermal performance","authors":"Joelle Al Fakhoury, Emilio Sassine, Yassine Cherif, Joseph Dgheim, Emmanuel Antczak","doi":"10.1177/17442591241254789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17442591241254789","url":null,"abstract":"The building sector represents a significant proportion of the world’s energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. One of the possible contributions to reducing this problem is to improve the energy performance of buildings by acting on their envelope and systems. Consequently, the aim of this work is to develop an experimental and numerical methods for characterizing the thermal performance of a concrete masonry hollow wall, in order to propose a new configuration that can be used to improve its thermal performance. First, this study focuses on the thermal performance of different wall configurations. Then, each case studied at wall scale, was modeled, and simulated in 3D using COMSOL Multiphysics<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> software under the same conditions, properties and dimensions as the one tested experimentally. Finally, this analysis was applied to a real building in Lebanon, consisting of hollow concrete masonry walls, to study its energy and thermal requirements. The conclusions showed that the numerical and experimental results proposed for the hollow masonry block wall confirm a good match. This validates the value of this method in the construction sector by proposing new methods for improving its thermal and energy performance.","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141786321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational and experimental analysis of PCM-infused brick for sustainable heat regulation","authors":"Amira Dellagi, Rabeb Ayed, Salwa Bouadila, AmenAllah Guizani","doi":"10.1177/17442591241255966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17442591241255966","url":null,"abstract":"Examining the thermodynamics of phase change materials (PCMs) when merged into construction materials is a significant subject within the realm of building science and environmental responsibility. When infused to construction materials like bricks, PCMs have the capacity to elevate a building’s temperature regulation by minimizing the energy required for thermal contentment. This research is dedicated to learn about the thermal conduct and the consequences of the fusion of calcium chloride hexahydrate mineral (CCHPCM) within the pores of a masonry unit. To achieve this, we implemented a practical testing specifically designed to scrutinize how CCHPCMs alter the thermal performance of studied compounds. Multiple configurations were designed by adjusting the arrangement of CCHPCM within the bricks, resulting in three distinct setups. The first set involved filling one row of the bricks, the second set entailed filling two rows, and the final configuration entailed filling all the pores with PCM. Additionally, a computational modeling was executed to survey the thermic behavior of bricks infused with CCHPCM, operating with COMSOL Multiphysics application program. The elaborated work concluded to having an enhancement of the brick’s thermal storage capacity, for Set-3, in which all rows of bricks are filled with PCM, a delay of 2 h is observed compared to Set-0 the brick without CCHPCM. This simulation also encompassed comparative findings regarding the thermal performance of CCHPCM when incorporated into the masonry unit. Overall, this study supplied the valorization of CCHPCMs infused in masonry units and their usage in distinct layouts on upgrading its candidature to achieving environmental responsibility.","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy efficiency of ecological buildings in Tunisia: Natural fiber composites and passive strategies impact","authors":"Hela Guesmi, Meriem Soussi, Fakhreddine Abbassi, Ali Adili, Leila Dehmani","doi":"10.1177/17442591241246053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17442591241246053","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the thermal insulation and energy efficiency of building envelopes is a major objective worldwide and has significantly developed in the recent years. This study aims to evaluate the impact of ecological additive and passive strategies on building energy efficiency. An experimental study was carried out to examine the effect of the incorporation of treated Alfa and Posidonia-Oceanica fibers on the thermal properties of cement and gypsum composite samples. The experimental results were then introduced in a numerical study using TRNSYS software to perform a comparison of the energy efficiency and thermal performance of three individual buildings; two ones constructed with our ecological materials and the third one with typical materials is considered as a reference case under the Tunisian climate. The obtained results indicate that the buildings built with Alfa fibers (BAF) and Posidonia-Oceanica fibers (BPOF) are economically effective since they allow a decrease of about 48.20% and 43.48% in heating, 45.71% and 42.77% in cooling, leading to a reduction in CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emission of 47.90% and 43.40%, respectively, in comparison with the reference case. The investigation also focuses on the improvement of the ecological building envelope by a storage wall integrated on the south front and shaded by solar movable overhangs during the summer season. The indoor climate results reveal that incorporating passive strategies into the building improves indoor air temperature and preserves a comfortable indoor relative humidity. Heating requirements decrease by 82.82% for BAF and by 79.76% for BPOF. The cooling requirements of the reference building are also reduced by 63.46% for BAF and 60.45% for BPOF by the use of natural night ventilation (4 ACH) and the appropriate shading for Trombe walls and windows. Consequently, the implementation of passive strategies on the ecological buildings led to a net reduction in CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions by up to 80.55% for BAF, compared to the reference case.","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140829133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}