Humanities Journal of University of Zakho最新文献

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THE IMPACT OF THE RECIPROCAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXCHANGE RATES AND INTEREST RATES ON THE BOND MARKET USING THE SVAR MODEL FOR CHINA FOR THE PERIOD FROM (2000-2020) 使用SVAR模型分析汇率和利率之间的相互关系对中国(2000-2020年)债券市场的影响
Humanities Journal of University of Zakho Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.3.1202
Noralhuda Idrees, Samir Nehme
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF THE RECIPROCAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXCHANGE RATES AND INTEREST RATES ON THE BOND MARKET USING THE SVAR MODEL FOR CHINA FOR THE PERIOD FROM (2000-2020)","authors":"Noralhuda Idrees, Samir Nehme","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.3.1202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.3.1202","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to illustrate the effect of the reciprocal relationship between the exchange rates and interest rates on the bond market by using the SVAR model for China during (2000 -2020), this is to analyze and measure the relationship between exchange rates and interest rates and showing their impact through changes in the bond index and monitoring the changes that occur in their traded prices in the financial markets. This study is based on three standard model estimations. The first model includes the effect of interest rates and inflation on the exchange rates. The second model shows the effect of the exchange rates and money supply on the interest rate. The third model includes the effect of exchange and interest rates on the bond index. The Structural Vector Auto Regression Model (SVAR) was used to test the long-term relationship between the variables of the study, in addition to the variance Decomposition analysis and the analysis of the Impulse response functions (IRF). The results showed that the reciprocal relationship between the exchange rates and interest rates is a positive inverse relationship, and the effect is in both directions. In other words, when the prevailing interest rate rises in the country, it leads to an appreciation in the value of the currency due to the increase in demand for the currency of that country, resulting in a depreciation in its exchange rate and conversely. In addition, the results indicated that the bond index is sensitive to any shock or any unexpected change in exchange rate and interest rate and that these shocks manifest in the short term and stabilize in the long term.","PeriodicalId":502467,"journal":{"name":"Humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
كاریگه‌رییا بكارهینانا مۆدلێ هاریسوون و برامسونى (Harrison&Bramson) ی ل سه‌ر ده‌ستكه‌ڤتێ قوتابیێن پشكا زمان و ئه‌ده‌بێ كوردى د بابه‌تێ پراگماتیكێ دا. Karigahriya Bakariyya 是 Harrison & Bramson 的新研究名称。
Humanities Journal of University of Zakho Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.3.1210
أياد عثمان, مولود نبى, شێرزاد عه‌لی
{"title":"كاریگه‌رییا بكارهینانا مۆدلێ هاریسوون و برامسونى (Harrison&Bramson) ی ل سه‌ر ده‌ستكه‌ڤتێ قوتابیێن پشكا زمان و ئه‌ده‌بێ كوردى د بابه‌تێ پراگماتیكێ دا.","authors":"أياد عثمان, مولود نبى, شێرزاد عه‌لی","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.3.1210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.3.1210","url":null,"abstract":"ئامانجا ئه‌ڤێ ڤه‌كۆلینێ زانینا كاریگه‌رییا مۆدلێ هاریسون و برامسونى یه‌ ل سه‌ر ده‌ستكه‌فتێ قوتابیێن پۆلا چارێ ل پشكا زمان و ئه‌ده‌بێ كوردى د بابه‌تێ پراگماتیكێ دا ، ڤه‌كۆله‌ران پشت ب دیزاینا ئه‌زمونگه‌رى یا دوو گڕۆپێن هه‌ڤسه‌نگ به‌ست، كۆمه‌لا ڤه‌كۆلینێ هه‌مى قوتابیێن قوناغا چارێ/ پشكا زمان و ئه‌ده‌بێ كوردی/ كولیژا په‌روه‌ردا بنیات ل زانكۆیا دهوكێ بۆ سالا خواندنێ (2021- 2022) بوون، كو ژمارا ئه‌وان (75) قوتابیێن كور و كچن ل سه‌ر دوو هوبان بشێوه‌یه‌كێ هه‌ره‌مه‌كى (أ) و (ب) هاتینه‌ دابه‌شكرن، ل گڕۆپێ ئه‌زمونگه‌رى یێ هۆبا (ب) كو ژمارا قوتابیان (38) قوتابى بوون، بابه‌ت ب مۆدلێ هاریسون وبرامسونى و ل گڕۆپێ كونترۆلكار یێ هۆبا (أ) كو ژمارا قوتابیان (37) قوتابى بوون هه‌مان بابه‌ت ب رێكا ئاسایایى دهاته‌ گوتن. و هه‌ڤسه‌نگى دناڤبه‌را قوتابیان د چه‌ند گۆڕاوه‌كاندا هاته‌كرن. ڤه‌كۆله‌ران تاقیكرنه‌كا ده‌ستكه‌فتێ خواندنێ بۆ قوتابیان دبابه‌تێ پراگماتیكێ دا به‌رهه‌ڤكر، كو ژ (40) به‌ندان پێكهاتبوو، و خاسله‌تێن سایكومه‌ترى بۆ ده‌رهینان، و پشتى ب دوماهیك هاتنا ئه‌زموونێ كو وه‌رزه‌كێ خواندنێ ڤه‌كێشا، ڤه‌كۆله‌ران ئالاڤ پراكتیككر و داتا ده‌رهینان و سه‌ره‌ده‌رییا ئاماره‌یى ب تاقیكرنا (t,test) ێ دگه‌ل داتایاندا كر، ئه‌نجامان دیاركر، كو بكارهینانا مۆدلێ هاریسون و برامسونى كاریگه‌رییه‌كا مه‌زن د ده‌ستكه‌فتێ قوتابیێن گڕۆپێ ئه‌زمونگه‌ریدا هه‌بوو ب هه‌مبه‌ر قوتابیێن گڕۆپێ كۆنترولكار.","PeriodicalId":502467,"journal":{"name":"Humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Percentage of using formulaic language in media discourseA comparison between the visual media and the written press 媒体话语中使用公式化语言的比例视觉媒体与书面媒体的比较
Humanities Journal of University of Zakho Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1304
S. A. Ahmed
{"title":"Percentage of using formulaic language in media discourseA comparison between the visual media and the written press","authors":"S. A. Ahmed","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1304","url":null,"abstract":"the language we use daily; A product of society, but each of us embodies it in his  way. Therefore, the speaker produces the language, but there is another aspect of the language, which is ready-made linguistic pieces, used directly by the individual owned by the linguistic group.\u0000Formulaic language is a general term for ready-made phrases in the language that have previously been produced and stored in human memory. This language usually has a fixed grammatical formula and a special meaning according to the situation and context in which it is presented. The use of this language leads to the coordination of sentences in the process of writing and communication, as well as adopting the eloquence of the sender and can influence the recipient more and convince him of his ideas, as well as help in logical intentions, automatic translation, and smart answers.\u0000This research, titled \"Percentage of using formulaic language in media discourse: A comparison between the visual media and the written press\", sheds light on the intensity of the formal language in the visual media and the written press. In the beginning, the formulaic language was explained, and then its use in the Kurdish media was explained. The importance of research in linking the media discourse with  formal language, the purpose of which is to know the percentage of using this language on the one hand, and on the other hand, to know the percentage of its use between the two types.\u0000To conduct the research, (18) interviews and articles were taken from the visual media and the written press. After that, six components of the grammatical language were extracted, which are (linguistic accompaniment, coins (expressions), metaphor, proverbs, phrasal verbs, and lexical expressions) according to (Wadi), and the use of each one of them was indicated in a table.","PeriodicalId":502467,"journal":{"name":"Humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The relationship between “Sexual capital”, “Religiosity” and “University girls' Makeup” in Kurdistan Region 库尔德斯坦地区 "性资本"、"宗教信仰 "与 "女大学生化妆 "之间的关系
Humanities Journal of University of Zakho Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1325
Faez I. Muhammad
{"title":"The relationship between “Sexual capital”, “Religiosity” and “University girls' Makeup” in Kurdistan Region","authors":"Faez I. Muhammad","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1325","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between sexual capital, religiosity, and makeup of university girls in the Kurdistan region and how they affect each other. Since the type of research is \"quantitative\", it is based on the \"survey method\" and \"questionnaire\". The sampling method in this research was \"stratified random sampling\". The questionnaire was distributed among 402 female students in Erbil public and private universities, and SPSS and SmartPLS software was used for data analysis. The results of the research indicate that there is a direct relationship between \"sexual capital\" derived from Catherine Hakim's theory and \"university girls' makeup\" in the Kurdistan region. The type of Correlation and the effect of these two variables with \"religiosity\" are opposite and negative. After linking the \"Makeup\" variable with the demographic variables and placing them in the linear regression model, it was found that daily \"exercise\" and \"study\" have an inverse Correlation, while \"social status\" and \"economic status\" have a direct Correlation.","PeriodicalId":502467,"journal":{"name":"Humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
القيادة الذاتية مدخل نحو الجامعات الخضراء دراسة إستطلاعية لآراء عينة من الكادر التدريسي والوظيفي في جامعة زاخو إقليم كوردستان العراق 自我领导是通往绿色大学的途径 对伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区扎胡大学教职员工的抽样调查
Humanities Journal of University of Zakho Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1371
Viyan M. Sami, Saad Kh. Elias, Farhad S. Jameel
{"title":"القيادة الذاتية مدخل نحو الجامعات الخضراء دراسة إستطلاعية لآراء عينة من الكادر التدريسي والوظيفي في جامعة زاخو إقليم كوردستان العراق","authors":"Viyan M. Sami, Saad Kh. Elias, Farhad S. Jameel","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1371","url":null,"abstract":"المستخلص \u0000    يستهدف البحث الحالي إلى قياس تأثير القيادة الذاتية في الجامعات الخضراء في جامعة زاخو إذ تمثلت أبعاد القيادة الذاتية بـ (التركيز على السلوك، المكافأة الطبيعة، التفكير البنّاء) واستعمل الباحثين أسلوب العينة العشوائية فتم توزيع (103) إستبانة والتي كانت الأداة الرئيسة للبحث، وتم إسترجاع (95) إستبانة علماً أن الصالح للتحليل الإحصائي كانت (76) إستبانة ولتحقيق ذلك تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي لجمع البيانات وتحليلها بواسطة برنامج (AMOS 26). \u0000    وتوصّل البحث إلى نتائج تؤكد وجود علاقة إرتباط معنوية موجبة بين القيادة الذاتية والجامعات الخضراء، كذلك تأكيد التأثير المعنوي للقيادة الذاتية وأبعادها في التوجّه نحو الجامعات الخضراء في الجامعة المبحوثة، وأهم الاستنتاجات التي تم التوصّل إليها تتمثل في إهتمام الكادر التدريسي والوظيفي بالقيادة الذاتية كالتركيز على السلوك والمكافأة الطبيعية والتفكير البنـّاء يُعدّ مؤشراً في التقدّم بمستوى جامعة زاخو ضمن مستويات الجامعات الخضراء عالمياً، وأما أهم التوصيات فتتمثل في السعي الدائم للإلتزام بالقيادة الذاتية من قِبَل الجيل الحالي لتحقيق الإستفادة من البُنى التحتية داخل الحرم الجامعي وفق الضوابط البيئية للحفاظ عليها للأجيال القادمة في المستقبل. \u0000الكلمات المفتاحية: القيادة الذاتية، الإدارة الذاتية، الجامعات الخضراء، الممارسات الخضراء.","PeriodicalId":502467,"journal":{"name":"Humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"13 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Happiness and its relationship with locus of control and types of thinking among university students expected to graduate 预期毕业的大学生的幸福感及其与控制感和思维类型的关系
Humanities Journal of University of Zakho Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1074
Nasraddin E. Mohammad
{"title":"Happiness and its relationship with locus of control and types of thinking among university students expected to graduate","authors":"Nasraddin E. Mohammad","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1074","url":null,"abstract":"The current research aims to identify happiness and its relationship with the locus of control and types of thinking in terms of social and economic variables among Zakho university students expected to graduate. The sample of the research consists of (638) students selected randomly from the University. For this purpose, the researcher used four scales, the scale of happiness feeling  consists of (33) items  and the scale for the measurement of locus of control  consists (25) items, and two scales for measuring  two types of thinking: inductive and deductive thinking  consist of (17) items, after extracted psychometric properties, and for the purpose of data collection appropriated statistical methods were used.  The results of the study indicated that participants have happiness  in general and own internal locus of control, and use both inductive and deductive thinking, and also found that there are statistically significant differences according to variables: sex, specialization, marital status, and the family's economic level, in happiness and locus of control and types of thinking among students, and also found that there is no statistically significant differences according to the other variables with the happiness among university students expected to graduate and its relationship with their locus of control and types of thinking.","PeriodicalId":502467,"journal":{"name":"Humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"40 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Level of Superstitious Thinking among University Students 大学生的迷信程度
Humanities Journal of University of Zakho Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1300
Ahmad A. Hama, Bakhtiar I. Fatah
{"title":"Level of Superstitious Thinking among University Students","authors":"Ahmad A. Hama, Bakhtiar I. Fatah","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1300","url":null,"abstract":"Superstition as a culture has mythological and historical roots, it is difficult to remove so easily among individuals in society, the aims of this study are to measure the prevalence of superstitious thought among students and finding the most important superstitious thought University students According to the variables (gender, place of residence and specialty ) the descriptive method was used to describe superstitious thoughts among university students, the research community is the students of Sulaimani University and (378) students were taken as a sample. the results show that Superstitious thoughts dominate the thinking of university students, Superstitious thoughts are more among female students than male students and I more among students who living in urban areas and It is lower among students in scientific colleges than in medical and humanities colleges.","PeriodicalId":502467,"journal":{"name":"Humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"53 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THE EFFECT OF APPLYING IFRS 15 ON THE INCOME STATEMENT: AN APPLY STUDY ON AL-KHAYATE AL- HADYTHA FIRM 应用《国际财务报告准则第 15 号》对损益表的影响:对 Al-Khayate al- Hadytha 公司的应用研究
Humanities Journal of University of Zakho Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1334
Basheer Y. Ismail, Najat W. Khalid
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF APPLYING IFRS 15 ON THE INCOME STATEMENT: AN APPLY STUDY ON AL-KHAYATE AL- HADYTHA FIRM","authors":"Basheer Y. Ismail, Najat W. Khalid","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1334","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper aims to explore the impact of IFRS 15 on the income statement, and describe the accounting process according to GAAP. To achieve research aims, the financial statements (2019 – 2022) of Al-Khayata Al-Hadytha as a joint firm in Iraqi securities exchange have been used as an apply study, and apply IFRS 15 on its statements, as well as the paper discusses the key principles of IFRS 15 and examines its effects on financial reporting, disclosure requirements, and the potential challenges faced by organizations during the implementation process.\u0000The research finds out that the recognition of revenues according to IFRS 15 has positively affected on the accounting process of firms, and leads to enhance of financial reporting quality by using the principles of IFRS.","PeriodicalId":502467,"journal":{"name":"Humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"88 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140377938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
بزاڤا مژدەبەرییا مەسیحی دناڤ دەولەتا ئێلخانی دا (٦٥٦-٧٣٦ك/١٢٥٨-١٣٣٥ز) 比扎法-马自达的救世主斗罗(656-736E/1258-1335Z)
Humanities Journal of University of Zakho Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1263
Falah Kh. Mirzo, Farsat M. Ismael
{"title":"بزاڤا مژدەبەرییا مەسیحی دناڤ دەولەتا ئێلخانی دا (٦٥٦-٧٣٦ك/١٢٥٨-١٣٣٥ز)","authors":"Falah Kh. Mirzo, Farsat M. Ismael","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1263","url":null,"abstract":"پۆختە: \u0000پشتی کو ئەوروپی د هێرشێن خۆیێن خاچداریدا ل رۆژهەت ژلایێ لەشکەریڤە شکەستنێ دئینن، ل دەستپێکا سەدێ حەفتێ کۆچی/ سێزدێ زایینی هزرەك ل دەڤ هزرمەندێن ئەوروپا پەیدادبیت، ئەوژی بکارئینانا شێوازێ خاچدارییا ئاشتیانە بوو، نەکو جهێ خاچدارییا چەکداری بگریت، بەلێ داکو ببیتە پشتبەستەك بۆ بزاڤا لەشکەرییا خاچداران دژی موسلمانان، ئەو هزرە ل سەدێن حەفتێ و هەشتێ کۆچی/ سێزدێ و چاردێ زایینی ژلایێ ئەورپیانڤە دکەڤیتە د بوارێ جێبەجێکرنێدا، ب تایبەت پشتی دەولەتا ئێلخانی ل سەردەستێ هولاکو دهێتە دامەزراندن، ئەوژی ژبەر دلسۆزییا وی و ئێلخانێن ددیڤ ویدا بۆ مەسیحییان. پاپایێ ڕۆما و شاهێن ئەوروپا ئەوێ چەندێ ب دەلیڤە دبینن و دەست ب چالاکیێن مژدەبەرییێ دکەن د ناڤ ئاخا دەولەتا ئێلخانیدا، ئەوژی ب ڕێکا هنارتنا شاندێن خۆیێن مژدەبەرییێ، ل هەردوو قوناغێن پتپەرستییێ و ئیسلامی ژ دەستهەڵاتداریا ئێلخانێن مەغولی ب دەهان شاندێن فرەنسیسکانی و دومنیکانی د‌هێنە هنارتن، ب رێکا دامەزراندنا مەترانیەك و چەندین ئەسقفی و قوتابخانێن مەسیحی، بۆ ماوێ بتری هەشتی سالێن حوکمێ ئێلخانان، پاپایێ ڕۆما و شاهێن ئەوروپا مژدەبەرییێ ب ئایینێ مەسیحی دکەن ل سەر مەزهەبێ کاسولیکی ل ناڤ ئاخا دەولەتا ئێلخانی. \u0000د ئەڤێ ڤەکۆلینێدا بەرسڤا چەندین پرسیارێن گرنگ هاتییەدان ل دۆر ئەوێ بزاڤا مژدەبەرییێ، ژ وان  ژی: ئەرێ ئەو بزاڤا مژدەبەرییا مەسیحی ل ناڤ چ ئایین یان مەزهەبان دهاتە ئەنجامدان؟ ئەرێ هەلویستێ  ئێلخانێن مەغولی و خەلکێ وێ ب گشتی بەرامبەر ئەوێ بزاڤێ چ بوو؟ ئەرێ ئەوێ بزاڤێ شیا ئارمانجێن خۆ ب دەستڤە بینیت؟. ڤەکۆلینێ پشتبەستن ل سەر چەندین ژێدەرێن سەرەکی و لاوەکییێن ب زمانێن جودایێن عەرەبی، ئینگلیزی و فارسی کریە. \u0000پەیڤێن سەرەکی: ئێلخانی، مەسیحی، مژدەبەری، ئەوروپا، خاچداری.","PeriodicalId":502467,"journal":{"name":"Humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
أثر الإستدامة المالية في النمو الاقتصادي للعراق للمدة (2004-2022) 财政可持续性对伊拉克经济增长的影响(2004-2022 年)
Humanities Journal of University of Zakho Pub Date : 2024-03-24 DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1320
Warhel S. Mohammad, Dildar H. Ahmed
{"title":"أثر الإستدامة المالية في النمو الاقتصادي للعراق للمدة (2004-2022)","authors":"Warhel S. Mohammad, Dildar H. Ahmed","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1320","url":null,"abstract":"تهدف الدراسة الحالية في تقدير أثر بعض مؤشرات الاستدامة المالية مقاسا بكل من (الدين العام، الايرادات النفطية، الإنفاق الحكومي، معدلات الفائدة، التضخم، السعر الصرف) في النمو الاقتصادي مقاسا ب (الناتج المحلي الإجمالي) في العراق للمدة (2004-2022). واستخدمت الدراسة الاسلوب الكمي بإستخدام انموذج الإنحدار الذاتي للإبطاء الموزع ARDL وذلك لتقدير معلمات متغيرات المستخدمة للاستدامة المالية، وتبينت من نتائج الدراسة بأن لمتغيرات الاستدامة المالية تأثير معنوي في النمو الاقتصادي للعراق خلال المدة (2004-2022)، حيث أظهرت نتائـج الدراسـة وجـود علاقـة توازنيـة طويلـة الأجـل بيـن الاستدامة المالية وبين النمو الاقتصادي، إذ تُعـد الإيرادات النفطية من أهـم متغيـرات الاستدامة المالية تأثيـراً في النمو الاقتصادي، يليها متغير الإنفاق الحكومي، ثم يأتـي متغيـر معدل سعر الصرف بالأهمية الثالثة، يليه متغير إجمالي الدين العام، وأخيراً متغير معدل التضخم. بينما لم يظهر التأثير المعنوي لمتغير معدل الفائدة على النمو الاقتصادي في الأجل الطويل، وتقترح الدراسة مجموعة من المقترحات، من أهمها ترشيد الانفاق الحكومي والتركيز على الانفاق الاستثماري من اجل توليد دخل اضافي في المستقبل وبالتالي زيادة احتمالية الاستدامة المالية، وايجاد مصادر تمويل اضافية من قطاعات اقتصادية حيوية في العراق مثل الزراعة والصناعة وتقليل الاعتماد الكلي على الايرادات النفطية من خلال خطة استراتيجية لتنويع مصادر الايرادات كما فعلها اغلب دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي.","PeriodicalId":502467,"journal":{"name":"Humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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