Day 1 Tue, December 19, 2023最新文献

{"title":"Drilling and Well Construction in Lean Clearances in Northern Region of Pakistan","authors":"Ali Iftikhar, Muhammad Nasrumminallah, Hassaan Rasheed, Shahid Majeed Sabir, Yasir Sharif","doi":"10.2118/217351-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/217351-ms","url":null,"abstract":"Subject well is an exploratory well with a target depth of +/- 6000M, in one of the most challenging northern region of Pakistan. Well has multiple challenges with regards to drilling and well construction the least to mention are losses, borehole instability, intercalated formations, with steep dips along with a fault. Lean clearances in a five Casing Strings well construction were a requirement to isolate the problematic zones for safe drilling, this included running of longest 16\" Liner for the first time in Pakistan, borehole enlargement of 14 3/4\" to 16\", later on running of 13 5/8\" Flush x 13 3/8\" coupled connection casing with narrow annular clearance, with customized Cementing Job to avoid surging. Running of 16\" liner, drilling and construction of next section called for robust technical applications that includes drilling with aerated mud, running of 16\" Liner with liner hanger for the first time in Pakistan, borehole enlargement while overcoming the various challenges as various formations (limestone, Sandstones, Clays) were drilled and later enlarged using hydraulic Under Reamer. Fit for purpose mud was used while drilling and further optimized to solid free for the smooth running of 13 5/8\" × 13 3/8\" Casing through lean clearance of 16\" Liner. Casing running strategy has been devised to avoid Surge to formation at the same time ensuring it gets to bottom without any held up. The objectives of the section were met successfully. The paper will serve as a platform for other Operating companies in Pakistan to benefit from the lessons learnt and best drilling practices","PeriodicalId":502427,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, December 19, 2023","volume":"461 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139171891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving Reliable and Cost-Effective Wellbore Cleanout in Depleted and Low-Pressure Wells Using CT Conveyed Fluid Oscillation Tool – Case Histories","authors":"Muhammad Adnan Fazal, Muhammad Salman Saeed, Saad Yousuf, A. Yousuf, Saqib Jah Temuri, W. Javed, Muhammad Arif Rana","doi":"10.2118/217353-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/217353-ms","url":null,"abstract":"The production revival process through wellbore cleanout is majorly carried out using conventional jetting and rotating tools. The conventional tools effective distance is few times the diameter of nozzle and impact pressure of jet stream in fluid reduces significantly beyond several inches. Effectiveness of these tool is further reduced as they enter larger sized tubing, casing/open hole or due to standoff and are hence not effective for hard scales like barium sulphate. The wellbore cleanout operations become more challenging in depleted fields due to limitation of limited flow rate and lean nitrogen pumping through jetting tools, requiring extra CT trips to change BHA causing NPTs. Fluid oscillator tools, based on oscillation technology, produces emissions of alternating bursts of fluid that create pulsating pressure waves (300 to 600 Hz) within wellbore and formation fluids. These cyclic pressure waves cause fatigue breaking up wellbore hard scales like barite, paraffin/asphaltene and proppants. Since the FOTs do not have rotating part, it is compatible with high rate and lean nitrogen. The fast cleanout and lean nitrogen compatibility (avoiding extra trips to change BHA) reduces overall intervention time, thus well can be put back on production timely saving upto 50% of overall operations cost. This paper demonstrates the working principle and three practical applications of FOT at four different wells. The cleanout applications range from packed proppant cleanout to establishing clearance in 7\" casing and more than 1,600 ft scale in HT well. The wellbore clearance, in these wells was established in less than 50% time compared to conventional jetting tools, saving more than 20% of overall operations cost.","PeriodicalId":502427,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, December 19, 2023","volume":"24 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139171224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deploying the World's Largest Bismuth Alloy Plug for Cost Effective P&A","authors":"D. Talapatra, P. Carragher","doi":"10.2118/215183-ea","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/215183-ea","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focusses on the successful re-abandonment of a subsea well in the Gulf of Mexico using a rigless approach. The operator had already abandoned the well using conventional technology, but it was still bubbling. The objective was to re-abandon the well by setting a reliable and permanent gas tight seal in the 36\" conductor. To achieve this a herculean engineering and operational feat was undertaken to design and manufacture a custom tool using record breaking volume of bismuth and thermite. The tool was deployed from a lift boat and guided into the conductor using ROV's. A timer activation mechanism initiated the thermite heater melting the bismuth alloy cast on to the outside of the tool. The bismuth alloy once molten flowed into the well filling the entire cross section of the 36\" conductor. The thermite heater was then retrieved from the molten alloy leaving a solid gas tight metal to metal seal inside the conductor. Observations confirmed the success of the operation, as the bismuth alloy plug created a reliable gas tight seal, with no observed bubbles for a duration of 20 hours. By utilizing bismuth alloy technology, the complexity associated with traditional abandonment methods was eliminated, while ensuring long term reliability. The use of bismuth alloy allowed for a shorter plug length, enabling deployment in the shallow conductor without extensive workover efforts not only reducing costs but also saving time and mitigating HSE risks.","PeriodicalId":502427,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, December 19, 2023","volume":"23 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139171225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Evaluation and Intervention in Non-Metallic Tubulars Using Current Technologies","authors":"Mohamed Larbi Zeghlache, Khaled Al-Muhammadi, Iqbal Pervaiz, Sandip Maity","doi":"10.2118/214488-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/214488-ms","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing interest in non-metallic products for downhole applications, such as the fiberglass tubing, it is essential to ensure the well integrity in similar way as standard carbon steel completions. One important aspect of well integrity is the ability to routinely access the downhole condition of the tubing and perform basic intervention. This paper demonstrates the testing and validation of different mechanical evaluations of the integrity of fiberglass tubing using logging and intervention tools. In this work, two joints of Fiberglass were connected together in order to study the effect of logging and intervention tools on the integrity of these joints from inner and outer surfaces as well as the structural integrity. For inner wall evaluation, a multifinger caliper tool was run inside the two joints several times in order to investigate potential damage caused by the fingers. In addition, a tubing puncher was used to punch a hole and characterize the surface damage and any effects on the structural integrity of the fiberglass. Furthermore, a tubing cut was performed in order to confirm the performance of the cutting tool in such environment. All the tests were conducted safely and successfully at surface using two different sizes of fiberglass tubing. The tested tubulars were split cut to further investigate internal condition. The effect of applied fingertips on the inner wall surface of the fiberglass from several passes indicated minor scratches that can be further investigated using an accelerated wear test. The integrity of this non-metallic tubular can be evaluated using standard mechanical tools in order to identify defects and scale buildup. Other intervention tools such as the mechanical puncher and cutter indicated successful deployment under surface conditions. Investigation of existing downhole evaluation and intervention technologies can provide an immediate assessment of the benefits and limitations with respect to unconventional completions such as the fiberglass tubing and other non-metallic pipes. Future research and development programs can rely on such solid basis to tailor advanced solutions for any specific application or products.","PeriodicalId":502427,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, December 19, 2023","volume":"637 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139171862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Results from the Installation of High Temperature Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipes (RTP) in Sour Gas Lines in Abu Dhabi","authors":"Abdallah Tamimi, John R Wright, Gabriel Lemock, Faisal Masoud Al Alawi, Clemente Rodriguez, Raymond Burke","doi":"10.2118/214484-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/214484-ms","url":null,"abstract":"Reinforced thermoplastic pipe (RTP) has historically been used for water injection and disposal pipelines in the Middle East for processes at operating temperatures up to 85°C. As the acceptance of RTP pipelines has increased in the region, applications for pipelines utilizing RTP has grown, but generally in lower temperature applications. Three sections of RTP were installed in a flow line in Abu Dhabi for high temperature (110°C) flow. The RTP was designed for operating temperatures to 110°C for high H2S (10% -20%) and CO2 natural gas flow lines, which also contained brine and sand. The sections of pipe were removed after four months in service and key performance tests were performed. The results were compared with un-aged samples. This paper provides an overview of the RTP pipe design, installation and removal, performance tests and conclusions regarding the comparison of test results between aged and unaged RTP pipes. Additional testing suggestions are proposed on the basis of changes in flowline operating parameters over time.","PeriodicalId":502427,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, December 19, 2023","volume":"43 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Depletion Characterization with No Flow Boundaries Drainage Concept","authors":"W. Prabowo, M. D. Rincones, D. Boyd, C. Chen, A. Dutta","doi":"10.2118/215906-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/215906-ms","url":null,"abstract":"In unconventional reservoirs, spacing and stacking directly influence the hydrocarbon resources available to be drained by a given lateral. Hypothetically, these available resources, rock properties and stimulation effectiveness will drive the well performance (i.e., Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR)). Characterization of the effectively contacted volume is an important element in understanding the well performance and the depletion efficiency of the intended development. This paper will present a simple but novel way of characterizing a well's drainage volume and demonstrates how this characterization can be applied to improve the understanding of expected well recovery, primary depletion efficiency (i.e., recovery factor), and their relationship with petrophysics and geology. The methodology is proposed as a method to help lead to optimum development and resource economic value for the operator. The proposed method uses the concept of no flow boundaries driven by frac geometry established between wells to define a drainage polygon surrounding neighboring laterals. Incorporating supplementary datasets allows further characterization (i.e., well-log to obtain fluid-in-place distribution). The method provides insights which can be tied back to the well performance. For example, the method shows the importance of geology and petrophysics, reflected through the Original Oil in Place (OOIP) within the drainage volume, driving the well's EUR and recovery factor. Significance/Novelty: Improved reservoir drainage volume and well performance characterization can significantly impact the optimum development plan, maximizing both the exploitation efficiency and value for operators.","PeriodicalId":502427,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, December 19, 2023","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139171992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New GOR Forecasting Methodology for Unconventional Reservoirs","authors":"C. Chen, A. Lumbangaol, H. Zhou, D. Miocevic, N. McMahan","doi":"10.2118/215908-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/215908-ms","url":null,"abstract":"The producing GOR trend of unconventional wells is a function of the complex interaction of fluid properties, geology, completion design, well spacing/stacking geometry, and operational changes. These complexities bring as an outcome a wide variation of GOR trends with time. This paper introduces a novel normalized forecasting process to build GOR type curves along with the uncertainty ranges. The long-term GOR range is comparable to theoretical PVT model expectations and offset wells with longer production history. The proposed methodology requires integrated multi-discipline efforts and is not a machine-learning modeling process. Groups of wells are selected based on similar geology and fluid properties while removing wells with poor data quality and operational issues. Next the normalized cumulative oil/EUR is introduced to compare the cumulative GOR curves. Empirical models are then generated to fit the GOR curves and forecast long-term GOR trends. A novel approach for terminal GOR range is applied to constrain the results from empirical models. The normalized process creates proven accurate gas predictions compared to the first three years of well performance. Two different approaches are used to validate the forecasted GOR. The first approach is to derive the terminal GOR range with the available PVT report. The second approach is to benchmark with offset wells with long history. Both approaches show the forecasted GOR is within the reasonable range. The normalized forecasting method has been tested for different areas in Delaware and Midland basins, covering a wide GOR range, and demonstrates its robustness in the forecast.","PeriodicalId":502427,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, December 19, 2023","volume":"85 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raising Frac Limits: The Stress Caging Approach","authors":"A. Y. Khan, Hassaan Rasheed, A. A. Mahmood, Jose Salazar, S. Noor, Irfan Nazir","doi":"10.2118/217354-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/217354-ms","url":null,"abstract":"The Dilemma of Limestone Formations is their temperamental nature. The same conductivity that threatens with Loss also promises production and at the same time deceives log outputs. Presence of conductive fractures is characteristic of these carbonates and even if the operator does drill past these thief zones via controlled drilling ECDs and LCM loaded systems, the hazard is never eliminated. One of the poorest timing for this menacing loss to resurface is during cementing of these reservoir carbonate sections, when ECDs tend to rise as soon as the cement slurry dares rise above the loss zone. Conventional LCMs are not the candidate for formation strengthening and cementing every loss zone can be rather tiresome for the drilling time-depth curves, not to forget damaging to the reservoirs. So, the approach to case these conductive carbonates while maintaining their conductivity remains a work in progress for the cementing technical community. This paper suggests not to merely drill through or fight against the loss but to mould the formation properties to operator's requirements. The stress caging technique may be one of the key puzzle elements to strengthen fractured limestones and their successful cementing.","PeriodicalId":502427,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, December 19, 2023","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139171273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Metallic Pipe Solutions with Permeation Barrier for Safe Transport of Energy Production Fluids – Lab Tests and Case Study","authors":"Thorsten Spaeth","doi":"10.2118/214485-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/214485-ms","url":null,"abstract":"Non-metallic pipe systems are the perfect option for transporting highly corrosive fluids from oil and gas production which are potentially environmentally hazardous, since they contain volatile organic hydrocarbons. The operation of oil and gas production in agricultural lands is common in Europe and requires permeation tight solutions in order to prevent any kind of environmental contamination. In the past, leakages caused by corrosion damages on carbon steel pipes or by permeation of hydrocarbons through pipes made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) have resulted in environmental damages. In order to prove the suitability of plastic pipes with an integrated aluminum barrier layer tests over a 4-year time period were done in the context of field- and laboratory trials. For the pilot tests performed in a crude oil production system, the oil and water composition was given by the real case. For the systematic laboratory tests, clearly specified test liquids which came as close to providing a representative sample as possible were used. In order to simulate the most severe conditions conceivable, the test liquids were a saturated solution consisting of various volatile hydrocarbons, some of them also chlorinated, and a mixture of pure volatile hydrocarbons with a 10-per-cent share of aromatic toluene. In contrast to single-layer plastic pipes, the pipes featuring a barrier layer were shown to be resistant to permeation of all of the dissolved volatile organic ingredients examined by the tests. These results could be confirmed by the performed pilot test in Romania. Thus, plastic pipes equipped with a metallic barrier layer can be recommended for loss-free transport of aqueous liquids containing hydrocarbons, such as production water in crude oil. Combined with permanent monitoring for the purpose of damage detection, this non-metallic pipe solution complies with even the strictest environmental requirements, thus enabling oil production in environmental sensitive areas and guarantees reliable protection of the environment.","PeriodicalId":502427,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, December 19, 2023","volume":"210 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139171667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered Ultra-Low Invasion Loss Control Solution Allows Circulation, Ensuring Cement Placement and Zonal Isolation in Liner Cementing Jobs and Through Coiled Tubing – Case Studies","authors":"Muhammad Adnan Fazal, Syed Hamza Ahmad, A. Yousuf, Aziz ur Rehman, S. Noor, Irfan Nazir","doi":"10.2118/217356-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/217356-ms","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional loss cure techniques are largely reactive and include addition of coarse grade particle, fibrous material and other viscous pills that are lost into formation during loss cure attempts. Being highly invasive, these loss cure solutions block pore throats and line producing fractures causing considerable formation damage and loss of net asset value. Moreover, these techniques pose additional challenges while placing thru slim liners and coiled tubing (in rigless applications) due to elevated risk of getting the circulation ports plugged. Moreover, during the era of technological revolution and decarbonization, an effective and efficient solution aids to promote the practices producing low carbon emission. The proactive wellbore shielding loss cure is a particle size distribution-based LCM solution having excellent fluid loss properties and exhibiting low permeability barrier at the fluid-rock interface. The low permeable shielding effect offers less invasion across a broad range of pores (1microns to 4,000microns) and thereby protecting formation from any permanent impairment. The solution covers the wide range applications of loss cure throughout well life ensuring zonal isolation and saving significant rig time. Customized particle size distribution does allow LCM solution to be pumpable thru liner complying the allowable particle sizes (less than 1,000microns) and concentrations (upto 18 lbs/bbl) and for coiled tubing specialized applications with allowable particles size of 100 microns while maintaining rheological properties (Fluid Loss<50 ml/30 min, 5lbs/100ft2>Ty<10lbs/100ft2 & PV<90 cp). This paper demonstrates the working principle and practical applications of engineered solution for loss cure and successfully achieving zonal isolation in 7\" liner being placed as pre-cement spacer in naturally fractured formation. The wellbore shielding pre-cement spacer ensured the cement rise above loss point thus achieving zonal isolation in partial to complete losses environment and helps in minimizing formation's impairment. The same approach was adopted to cure losses in rigless with coiled tubing in both carbonate and sandstone reservoirs for well killing and zonal isolation without plugging the CT BHA and circulation ports while complying design requirements.","PeriodicalId":502427,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, December 19, 2023","volume":"34 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}