Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies最新文献_第3页

Students’ Satisfaction with Islamic Education Management Department Services at the State Islamic University of Sultan Amai Gorontalo, Indonesia 印度尼西亚苏丹阿迈哥龙塔罗国立伊斯兰大学学生对伊斯兰教育管理系服务的满意度

Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i61436

Syilfi, Muhammad Obie

{"title":"Students’ Satisfaction with Islamic Education Management Department Services at the State Islamic University of Sultan Amai Gorontalo, Indonesia","authors":"Syilfi, Muhammad Obie","doi":"10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i61436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i61436","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the student satisfaction index for the services of the Department of Islamic Education Management at IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo in 2023. Interview methods, participatory observations, and document studies were used to collect data from students who were active in the department. Participants were asked to assess various aspects of the service, including the quality of teaching, facilities, academic support, and participation in extracurricular activities. The collected data is analyzed to evaluate the overall level of student satisfaction. The main findings show that student satisfaction with the services of the Islamic Education Management Department is relatively high. Students give positive ratings of teaching quality, availability of facilities, academic support, and opportunities for participation in extracurricular activities. However, the study also identified several areas where improvements can be made to improve student satisfaction in the future. This study provides valuable insights for university managers to improve the quality of service and student learning experience in the Department of Islamic Education Management at IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo.","PeriodicalId":502349,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Path Model of Psychological Well-Being of Teachers During the Covid–19 Pandemic: A Positivist and Constructivist Viewpoint Covid-19 大流行期间教师心理健康的路径模型：实证主义和建构主义观点

Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies Pub Date : 2024-03-30 DOI: 10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51347

Jaymie A. Rellon, Victor G. Quiambao, Jr., Mark Gennesis B. Dela Cerna, Cynthia S. Asuncion, Josephine B. Baguio, Gemma N. Kintanar

{"title":"A Path Model of Psychological Well-Being of Teachers During the Covid–19 Pandemic: A Positivist and Constructivist Viewpoint","authors":"Jaymie A. Rellon, Victor G. Quiambao, Jr., Mark Gennesis B. Dela Cerna, Cynthia S. Asuncion, Josephine B. Baguio, Gemma N. Kintanar","doi":"10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51347","url":null,"abstract":"The study determined the influence of burnout, self-awareness, and work engagement on teachers' psychological well-being. Moreover, it aimed to find the best-fit model to explain teachers' psychological well-being. A total of 300 College teachers in private education institutions participated in the study and were selected using the purposive sampling technique. Sets of adopted survey questionnaires were utilized in obtaining data from the respondents. The mean and standard deviation, Pearson r correlation, multiple regression analysis, and structural equation modeling were utilized as statistical tools in the study. The results revealed that the degree of burnout, level of self-awareness, and level of psychological well-being of teachers were moderate. On the other hand, the teachers had a high level of work engagement. Moreover, there was a directly proportional relationship between self-awareness and psychological well-being, and work engagement and psychological well-being. However, an inverse relationship was observable between burnout and teachers' psychological well-being. Further, burnout, self-awareness, and work engagement significantly predicted teachers' psychological well-being. Furthermore, the hypothesized model showed that both burnout and work engagement, directly and indirectly, affected teachers' psychological well-being through self-awareness acting as a mediator. Hence, the hypothesized model was a good fit for explaining teachers' psychological well-being.","PeriodicalId":502349,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies","volume":"49 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring Social Media as an Ideological Apparatus for Sexualization and Cultural Shifts 探索社交媒体作为性化和文化转变的意识形态工具

Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies Pub Date : 2024-03-30 DOI: 10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51348

Abdelalim Bouajjar

{"title":"Exploring Social Media as an Ideological Apparatus for Sexualization and Cultural Shifts","authors":"Abdelalim Bouajjar","doi":"10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51348","url":null,"abstract":"In this digital age, social media has a ubiquitous presence and an ineludible impact. Unlike conventional media, it is promptly and instantly accessible and has a consistent uninhibited access to our brains and, thus, a magnum impact on our worldviews and our culture. This study, first, dwells on the well-established link throughout the literature between media, in its conventional forms, ideology, and cultural change. Then, fixating on social media per se, it reveals how social media in its design and algorithms is an ideology-loaded and driven tool that has more momentum in impact on culture than simple forms of media. Moreover, this article provides ample evidence on how the ideologies that lurk and drive conventional media are the same for social media. Those perennial ideologies are consumer culture, the objectification of women, and the sexualization of children. Furthermore, this article illustrates how such ideologies manifest themselves on social media and how they impact culture by altering people`s outlook on the world. At last, this paper reports some of the studies, western and non-western alike, that associate social media and the ideologies imbedded in it with moral decadence and cultural alienation.","PeriodicalId":502349,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies","volume":"55 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling the Benefits of Infusing Gita's Educational Philosophy into the School Curriculum for Nurturing Student Holistic Development 揭示将吉塔教育理念融入学校课程对培养学生全面发展的益处

Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51346

Rajendra Kunwar, Rajendra Kumar Pokhrel, Sapana Adhikari

{"title":"Unveiling the Benefits of Infusing Gita's Educational Philosophy into the School Curriculum for Nurturing Student Holistic Development","authors":"Rajendra Kunwar, Rajendra Kumar Pokhrel, Sapana Adhikari","doi":"10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51346","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the benefits of integrating the educational philosophy of the Gita into the school curriculum on holistic student development. It aims to shed light on the key aspects of student development that can be fostered through the integration of Gita teachings into the curriculum. The study adopts a critical content analysis method based on themes that metaphorically align with the moral and ethical values, mental health, and social well-being of students in the present context. The findings reveal that the Gita emphasizes the importance of self-realization, self-discipline, and selfless action, which have the potential to contribute to holistic student development. The Gita promotes a comprehensive understanding of education that encompasses intellectual, moral, emotional, and spiritual aspects. This study examines how studying the Gita fosters purpose, resilience, and ethical values in students to promote holistic development. The Gita's teachings also offer guidance on cultivating qualities such as self-control, focus, determination, and compassion, which can enhance students' personal and academic achievements. Additionally, the Gita's emphasis on mindfulness and self-reflection can contribute to students' emotional well-being and mental health. The study concludes that integrating Gita teachings into the school curriculum has the potential to foster holistic student development across various dimensions. These findings provide insights for educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers interested in incorporating Gita's educational philosophy into the school system. Further research and practical implementations are warranted to explore the effectiveness and challenges associated with integrating Gita teachings into the curriculum and to assess their benefits on student outcomes.","PeriodicalId":502349,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies","volume":"48 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptation and Actualization of Bugis Migrants in North Kalimantan 北加里曼丹布吉斯移民的适应与实现

Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51345

Latang, Suardi, Fatmawati Gaffar

{"title":"Adaptation and Actualization of Bugis Migrants in North Kalimantan","authors":"Latang, Suardi, Fatmawati Gaffar","doi":"10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51345","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The adaptability, integration, and self-actualization of Bugis migrants in North Kalimantan, The Bugis migrants can adapt themselves and their social environment to maintain themselves as part of the community. It was conducted in North Kalimantan using in-depth interviews and focus group discussion techniques. It was carried out for one month and the informants were captured in the data collection process. based on their place and domicile in North Kalimantan.\u0000Methodology: The informants were 5 informants, each of whom had a different job. The result of the research is the ability of Bugis migrants: 1) to integrate into the community and can contribute to the North Kalimantan government in increasing regional income, 2) contributes to the development of science, especially in the field of social sciences.\u0000Results: Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that Bugis migrants can interact optimally with the Javanese, Banjar, Tidung, and Tator tribes who live in North Kalimantan and Bugis migrants can actualize themselves to increase harmony in shared life and can improve the welfare of life, as the Bugis migrants do not try to return to their original area, they even feel alienated from their original area, because their close family and inheritance are mostly no longer there.\u0000Conclusion: Bugis migrants manifest themselves as a process of actualization and can accept to live and settle as a community in Kalimantan.","PeriodicalId":502349,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies","volume":"55 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Repurchase Intentions of Money Remittance Centers’ Customers in SOCCSKSARGEN: A Structural Analysis 斯里兰卡储蓄银行汇款中心客户的回购意向：结构分析

Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51344

Maria Regina E. Carlos, Victor G. Quiambao, Jr.

{"title":"Repurchase Intentions of Money Remittance Centers’ Customers in SOCCSKSARGEN: A Structural Analysis","authors":"Maria Regina E. Carlos, Victor G. Quiambao, Jr.","doi":"10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51344","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aimed to understand the drivers of commitment, aspects of commitment, trust, and repurchase intention of money remittance center customers on their choice of money remittance center in the selected cities of SOCCSKSARGEN. Data were gathered from 410 respondents throughout the four key cities in the SOCCSKSARGEN Region using purposive random sampling. A self-constructed questionnaire was utilized during the data gathering procedure. Using descriptive statistics, the research found that the respondents were mostly female, aged 20 to 29 years old. Employees and students comprised about eighty-five percent of the respondents. The majority were using their preferred money remittance for more than one year but less than three years, and about thirty-five percent were making a money remittance transaction once per month. The results of the regression and structural equation modeling were consistent in finding that only affective and calculative commitment had a significant influence on the repurchase intentions of customers in money remittance centers and that trust predicted all aspects of commitment. Economic, social, and resource drivers influenced customer commitment, which supported Lacey’s driver of commitment model. The results of SEM suggested the high influence of trust towards relationship quality building among money remittance center customers.","PeriodicalId":502349,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies","volume":"131 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Qualitative Elements of the World’s Best Educational System: A Thematic Analysis 世界最佳教育体系的定性要素：专题分析

Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51343

Cari Edward C. Beñalet

{"title":"Qualitative Elements of the World’s Best Educational System: A Thematic Analysis","authors":"Cari Edward C. Beñalet","doi":"10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51343","url":null,"abstract":"This thematic analysis explores the qualitative elements defining the world's best educational systems, aiming to identify emerging factors that contribute to their success. The research question centers on understanding the distinctive features that characterize these top educational systems. Through a comprehensive thematic analysis, eight key qualitative elements emerged as integral components shaping the landscape of the top 10 educational systems globally. The identified elements include the international attraction of these systems, emphasizing global, diverse, and multicultural appeal. A robust credit system enhances academic transparency and mobility, while a diverse course offering provides students with a wide array of educational options. Affordability and accessibility play a crucial role, with low or zero tuition fees ensuring broader participation. Global recognition of degrees from these educational systems underscores their prestige and quality. Furthermore, a pronounced focus on research and innovation contributes to the dynamic and progressive nature of these institutions. Cultural and language considerations, particularly the availability of English-taught courses, enhance accessibility for a global student body. Lastly, a strong emphasis on post-graduation job opportunities underscores the practical application of education. In conclusion, recognizing and incorporating these emerging qualitative elements into educational frameworks can pave the way for the development of high-quality, inclusive, and globally competitive educational systems. This research provides valuable insights for educational institutions and policymakers, offering a foundation for fostering excellence in education on a worldwide scale.","PeriodicalId":502349,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the Impact of E-Learning Adoption on Learning Behavior in Sierra Leonean Higher Education 评估塞拉利昂高等教育采用电子学习对学习行为的影响

Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51342

Ibrahim Abdulai Sawaneh, Brima Sesay, Samuel Saio Mansaray, Mohamed Koroma, Phoungphaynome Inthavong

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of E-Learning Adoption on Learning Behavior in Sierra Leonean Higher Education","authors":"Ibrahim Abdulai Sawaneh, Brima Sesay, Samuel Saio Mansaray, Mohamed Koroma, Phoungphaynome Inthavong","doi":"10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51342","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the adoption of e-learning in higher education institutions in Sierra Leone and its impact on learning Behavior using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).\u0000The research employs a survey design, utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), to analyze the responses of students and lecturers.\u0000The study was conducted in Sierra Leone, involving ten universities. The duration of the study is not specified.\u0000728 students and 327 lecturers were surveyed to assess their attitudes towards e-learning. The TAM was used to predict behaviors based on the perceived usefulness and ease of use of e-learning tools, such as mobile devices and social networking applications.\u0000The findings indicate that e-learning is more likely to be adopted if the tools are perceived as useful and easy to use. Additionally, prior experience with computers enhances the positive perception of e-learning's attributes and attitudes toward its utilization.\u0000The study highlights the potential of e-learning in developing countries like Sierra Leone. It provides insights for stakeholders in the education sector to develop strategies that can promote the adoption of e-learning in regions with similar developmental profiles.","PeriodicalId":502349,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies","volume":" 67","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140211052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges Facing Secondary School Teachers in Achieving Effective Job Performance: A Case Study of Meru District Council, Arusha Region 中学教师在实现有效工作绩效方面面临的挑战：阿鲁沙地区梅鲁区议会案例研究

Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51341

Godlove Barikiel Matemba

{"title":"Challenges Facing Secondary School Teachers in Achieving Effective Job Performance: A Case Study of Meru District Council, Arusha Region","authors":"Godlove Barikiel Matemba","doi":"10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51341","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the challenges facing secondary school teachers in executing their duties for effective job performance through a qualitative case study design. The study participants were secondary school teachers, heads of schools, and the District Education Officer. A total of 111 respondents were involved, including 100 teachers, 10 heads of schools, and 1 District Education Officer. In collecting data, interview and focus group discussion (FGD) methods of data collection were used for the purpose of this study. The data were analyzed through content and thematic analysis. The study found teachers are burdened with several challenges, including but not limited to an unfriendly working environment, a shortage of teaching and learning materials, low achievement of students in science subjects, poor cooperation between parents and teachers, poor cooperation accorded by employers, a lack of overtime and/or housing allowances, and political influences on teaching and learning processes. The study concluded that teaching, apart from being a noble profession that prepares not only leaders but also champions of various fields, has grown to be forgotten. Thus, it is recommended that there are significant needs to shift priorities and attention towards the teaching profession. One key aspect highlighted is the need for better compensation and entitlements for teachers, including salaries, subsistence allowances, extra-time allowances, and access to teaching and learning materials. Moreover, addressing these challenges requires comprehensive support and tailored interventions from educational institutions, policymakers, and other stakeholders in the education sector.","PeriodicalId":502349,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140215318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Construction Errors in Students' Mathematical Problem-Solving Based on Scaffolding Analysis 基于脚手架分析的学生数学解题中的构造错误

Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51339

Azza Wildah, Kamid, Haryanto

{"title":"Construction Errors in Students' Mathematical Problem-Solving Based on Scaffolding Analysis","authors":"Azza Wildah, Kamid, Haryanto","doi":"10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51339","url":null,"abstract":"In mathematics learning, concept construction errors often occur when learning Systems of Linear Equations with Three Variables (SPLTV). This research aims to determine the process of students' concept construction errors, the causal factors, and how students overcome problems by providing scaffolding in SPLTV material. Data was obtained from test results and interviews with six students as research subjects. From the research results, data was received that the errors experienced by students in solving mathematical problems on SPLTV material were that the method used needed to match what was taught, made mistakes in calculations, did not make conclusions, and made mistakes at the previous stage. It was found that the factors that caused students' errors were lack of accuracy, misunderstanding of concepts, or needing to be more fixated on example questions. After being given the scaffolding stages, namely environmental provisions, explaining and reviewing, restructuring, and developing conceptual thinking, students know where their mistakes are and can correct them. Providing scaffolding can help students minimize concept construction errors when solving mathematical problems.","PeriodicalId":502349,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies","volume":" 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140220374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0