Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of sarcopenia in female patients with sarcoidosis upon initial diagnosis.","authors":"Cesur Samancı, Vefa Salt, Bilal Demir, Rauf Hamid, Ömer Faruk Sarıahmetoğlu, Kerime Hatun Acar, Seyfullah Halit Karagöz, Ahmet Üstündağ, Buket Çalışkaner Öztürk, Ersan Atahan, Fatma Ateş Ustabaşoğlu, Ahmet Baş","doi":"10.36141/svdld.2026.17176","DOIUrl":"10.36141/svdld.2026.17176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>There is a substantial body of literature that discusses the potential relationship between sarcopenia and sarcoidosis. This study aimed to evaluate the muscle mass of sarcoidosis patients without any treatment at the time of diagnosis using computed tomography (CT) images.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included only female patients, as the vast majority of sarcoidosis cases in our dataset were female, and this approach allowed us to minimize gender-related confounding. The sarcoidosis group consisted of newly diagnosed, untreated female patients who underwent abdominal CT as part of their diagnostic work-up. The control group comprised female patients with a comparable age distribution to the sarcoidosis cohort, who presented to the emergency department with non-chronic, unrelated conditions and had no history of chronic illness or medication use known to affect muscle mass. Total skeletal muscle (TSM), skeletal muscle index (SMI), and psoas muscle index (PMI) at the L3 vertebral level were measured using manual segmentation. SMI-based sex-, age-, and BMI-specific thresholds from the literature were used to define sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 168 female patients were evaluated. Sarcoidosis patients were significantly older and shorter than controls. TPM (p = 0.003), TSM (p = 0.027), SMI (p = 0.037), and PMI (p = 0.001) values were significantly lower in the sarcoidosis group. However, the prevalence of sarcopenia based on SMI criteria did not significantly differ between groups. Notably, significant muscle mass differences were most evident in the 50-60 age group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that muscle loss may already be present at the time of diagnosis in female sarcoidosis patients, becoming more apparent with age. Further studies with broader populations and prospective designs are needed to clarify the association between sarcoidosis and sarcopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":502142,"journal":{"name":"Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG","volume":"43 1","pages":"17176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathologic overlap between fibrotic sarcoidosis and UIP pattern.","authors":"Wai Ling Leong, Venerino Poletti, Claudia Ravaglia, Sara Piciucchi","doi":"10.36141/svdld.2026.18332","DOIUrl":"10.36141/svdld.2026.18332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>N/A.</p>","PeriodicalId":502142,"journal":{"name":"Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG","volume":"43 1","pages":"18332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical cardiac involvement: A subtle foe in the setting of systemic sarcoidosis.","authors":"Kenan Yalta, Ugur Ozkan, Irem B Bulburu, Muhammet Gurdogan, Ertan Yetkın","doi":"10.36141/svdld.2026.18297","DOIUrl":"10.36141/svdld.2026.18297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":502142,"journal":{"name":"Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG","volume":"43 1","pages":"18297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of IPF specific genes expressed by lung tissue-derived fibroblasts using next generation sequencing.","authors":"Eun-Jeong Seo, Jong-Uk Lee, Seung-Lee Park, Min-Kyung Kim, Jae-Sung Choi, Hun-Gyu Hwang, Jung-Hyun Kim, Hun-Soo Chang, Choon-Sik Park","doi":"10.36141/svdld.2026.17698","DOIUrl":"10.36141/svdld.2026.17698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by aberrant fibroblast activation and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, resulting in irreversible lung remodeling. Although fibroblasts are central to IPF pathogenesis, comprehensive transcriptomic analyses of IPF patient-derived lung fibroblasts remain limited. This study aimed to identify novel molecular contributors to IPF through transcriptomic profiling of lung fibroblasts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed total RNA sequencing on primary lung fibroblasts isolated from 33 IPF patients and 10 controls, the latter derived from histologically normal lung tissue adjacent to resected tumors. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using trimmed mean of M-values normalization and the Exact test with Bonferroni correction. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment was conducted using DAVID, and network analyses were conducted via STRING and GeneClip3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GO analysis of 475 DEGs (402 upregulated, 73 downregulated) revealed strong enrichment in ECM-related terms consistently observed across three prior IPF fibroblast datasets. Pathway analysis further implicated cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, and immune-related processes. Network analysis identified SERPING1, NR4A1, and C3 as shared hub genes across both STRING and GeneClip3 platforms. Of the top 20 DEGs, 15 had prior associations with fibrosis, while, six (HSD17B2, HMGCLL1, RASL12, HBG1, LOC105375566 and RIPOR3-AS1) were novel. OAS2, an interferon-stimulated gene, emerged as a novel immune-fibrotic axis component in IPF.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This transcriptomic analysis confirms ECM dysregulation as a core feature of IPF pathogenesis and highlights novel DEGs and hub genes with potential roles in fibrosis, providing a foundation for future functional and translational studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":502142,"journal":{"name":"Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG","volume":"43 1","pages":"17698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined impact of ROR2 and its ligands on the pathogenesis and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","authors":"Seung-Lee Park, Jong-Uk Lee, Min Kyung Kim, Eunjeong Seo, Myung-Shin Kim, Hun Gyu Hwang, Jung Hyun Kim, Hun Soo Chang, Choon-Sik Park","doi":"10.36141/svdld.2026.17921","DOIUrl":"10.36141/svdld.2026.17921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by aberrant fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix accumulation. Although ROR2 signaling via Wnt ligands has been implicated in fibrosis, their integrated clinical relevance in IPF remains unclear. This study investigated the clinical significance of ROR2 and its ligands-WNT1, WNT5A, and WNT7A-in IPF development and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected from 124 IPF patients and 17 controls. Protein levels of ROR2, WNT1, WNT5A, and WNT7A were measured using ELISA. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate cellular localization. Cox proportional hazards analysis with backward elimination was used to identify mortality risk factors. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were used to compare cumulative mortality between subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The levels of ROR2 and WNT7A were significantly higher in IPF compared to controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.030, respectively). Among the proteins analyzed (ROR2, WNT1, WNT5A, and WNT7A), only elevated ROR2 levels were independently associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.32, p = 0.026), whereas WNT1, WNT5A, and WNT7A did not show significant associations with survival after correction for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) method. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated co-localization of ROR2 with COL1A1-positive fibroblasts, as well as with WNT1, WNT5A, and WNT7A. Exploratory stratification based on combined ROR2 and WNT5A expression identified a subgroup with low ROR2 / high WNT5A levels that showed a trend toward better prognosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ROR2 levels in BAL fluid are independently associated with IPF pathogenesis and prognosis, and may serve as a useful biomarker for identifying molecular endotypes and assessing clinical risk. Exploratory findings suggest that ROR2 and its ligand may modulate prognosis in a subset of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":502142,"journal":{"name":"Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG","volume":"43 1","pages":"17921"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined use of serum KL-6 and respiratory functional parameters for identifying fibrotic lung damage in SARS-CoV-2-induced interstitial pneumonia.","authors":"Miriana D'Alessandro, Irene Paggi, Giusy Montuori, Paolo Cameli, Sara Biancucci, Laura Bergantini, Elena Bargagli","doi":"10.36141/svdld.2026.18009","DOIUrl":"10.36141/svdld.2026.18009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-COVID19 pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF) has been reported in a significant proportion of patients who survive the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) emerges as a marker of disease severity and progression in COVID-19-related lung involvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 231 patients (median age (interquartile range, IQR), 65[57-74] years; 143 males) were enrolled in the study. Thirty-four had IPF, 56 sarcoidosis, 141 had been hospitalized for COVID-19. After hospital discharge (median (IQR), 7(5-17) months), a diagnosis of PCPF was made in 65/141 patients and 76/141 did not show fibrotic abnormalities. Serum KL-6 concentrations were measured by KL-6 reagent assay (AIA-CL300, Tosoh Biosciences).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most PC-nonPF patients (n=70, 92%) did not require invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) during hospital stay, while 27 (41.5%) of PCPF patients did. KL-6 concentrations were strongly suggestive of lung fibrosis with a cutoff value of 467.8 U/mL (sensitivity 73% and specificity 66%). Model obtained though machine learning approach combined lung parameters and KL-6 values for clustering fibrotic and non-fibrotic patients with an acceptable accuracy. KL-6>765 U/mL and FVC%≤88 cluster for 67% of IPF patients, while KL-6 values ≤765U/mL and FVC >60% for 81% of PCPF patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>KL-6 levels are not significantly elevated in patients undergoing IMV, indicating that IMV per se does not alter the values of this biomarker, thereby further supporting its reliability in detecting PCPF. Our study proposed a combination of KL-6 values and clinical data may lead to a further improvement in diagnostic accuracy for pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic and secondary to COVID19.</p>","PeriodicalId":502142,"journal":{"name":"Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG","volume":"43 1","pages":"18009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lofgren's syndrome: A clinical puzzle in a case of monoarthritis.","authors":"Emre Ali Acar, Sadettin Uslu","doi":"10.36141/svdld.2026.18095","DOIUrl":"10.36141/svdld.2026.18095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>N/A.</p>","PeriodicalId":502142,"journal":{"name":"Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG","volume":"43 1","pages":"18095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late-Onset Sjögren disease: A different clinical entity?","authors":"Celil Barlas Cengiz, Tuğba Kahraman Denizhan, Hüseyin Kaplan, Emel Oğuz Kökoğlu, Melih Kızıltepe, Burcu Eren Cengiz, Hanife Oğuz, Abdurrahman Soner Şenel","doi":"10.36141/svdld.2026.18390","DOIUrl":"10.36141/svdld.2026.18390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Sjögren's disease(SjD) exhibits heterogeneous clinical phenotypes influenced by age at onset. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of onset age on the clinical and serological characteristics of SjD in a Turkish cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 411 patients diagnosed with SjD between 2013 and 2024, fulfilling the 2002 AECG or 2016 ACR/EULAR criteria. Patients were classified as young-onset (<40 years; YoSjD), adult-onset (40-60 years; AoSjD), or elderly-onset (>60 years; EoSjD). Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment characteristics were compared among groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort comprised predominantly females (93.4%) with a median age of 55 years. RF positivity was significantly higher in EoSjS (35.5%) compared to YoSjD (27.9%) and AoSjD (19.2%, p=0.007). Inflammatory markers (ESR, CRP) were more frequently elevated in EoSjD. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) prevalence was highest in EoSjD (25.8%, p<0.05), particularly in males. Artropathy was more frequent in EoSjD (80.6%) and YoSjD (76%) than in AoSjD (64.5%, p=0.007). Anemia was more common in EoSjD (20.4%, p=0.040). Hydroxychloroquine was widely used (86.6%), with glucocorticoid and azathioprine use significantly higher in EoSjD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elderly-onset SjD demonstrates a distinct phenotype characterized by higher ILD prevalence, increased RF positivity, greater inflammatory activity, and more frequent artropathy and anemia compared to younger-onset groups. These findings highlight the need for age-tailored diagnostic vigilance, proactive ILD screening, and cautious use of immunosuppressants in older patients. Prospective multicenter studies are warranted to refine management strategies in this subgroup.</p>","PeriodicalId":502142,"journal":{"name":"Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG","volume":"43 1","pages":"18390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic significance of incorporating SpO2 recovery time to the 6-minute walk test protocol and to a modified GAP index risk prediction model in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","authors":"Elif Yildirim, Nisanur Tutus, Yagmur Aydogdu, Ipek Ozmen","doi":"10.36141/svdld.2026.18270","DOIUrl":"10.36141/svdld.2026.18270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The prognostic potential of SpO2 recovery time recorded during 6-min walk test (6MWT) remains unexplored in the setting of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to investigate prognostic significance of cardiopulmonary recovery time after the 6MWT and the utility of a modified gender-age-physiology (GAP) index incorporating SpO2 recovery time instead of DLCO as a predictive model in IPF patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 64 patients with IPF (mean±SD age: 61±10.2 years, 79.7% were males) were included in this retrospective cohort study. Cardiopulmonary recovery time (SpO2 recovery time and heart rate recovery [HRR] time in seconds), GAP index (gender, age, forced vital capacity [FVC] and diffusion capacity [DLCO]) and modified GAP index (gender, age, FVC, SpO2 recovery time) scores were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SpO2 recovery time and modified GAP index predicted the increased risk of overall adverse events (OR 1.017, p=0.002 and OR 1.667, p<0.010, respectively). SpO2 recovery time at a cut-off value of >160 s (AUC: 0.813, p<0.001) and modified GAP index at a cut-off value of >3.5 (AUC: 0.762, p<0.001) were able to discriminate patients at risk of adverse clinical outcomes. Overall survival (OS) time was significantly longer in patients with SPO2 recovery time <160 s than in those with SPO2 recovery time ≥160 s (mean 24.3 vs. 8.5 months, Log-rank p value <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Incorporating SpO2 recovery time to the 6MWT protocol and to a modified GAP index may improve mortality risk prognostication in IPF, supporting the utilization of continuous SpO₂ monitoring and recovery analysis during routine 6MWT.</p>","PeriodicalId":502142,"journal":{"name":"Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG","volume":"43 1","pages":"18270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of pulmonary hypertension on mortality in progressive massive fibrosis.","authors":"Serhat Özgün, Gülden Sarı, Adem Koyuncu, Rabia Ezber, Mücahid Alp Arslan, Fatih Mehmet Doğan, Şahbender Koç, Ceprail Şimşek","doi":"10.36141/svdld.2026.18391","DOIUrl":"10.36141/svdld.2026.18391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) and to determine the relationship between PH development and life expectancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, 181 patients with PMF were recruited over a 9-year period and 96 were eligible for analysis. We used echocardiography (ECHO) findings to estimate the likelihood of developing PH. We used Bernoulli's equation with tricuspid regurgitation velocity measurement and calculated systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) by adding the estimated right atrial pressure. We accepted sPAP values of 37 and 50 mm Hg as criteria for moderate and high probability PH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of moderate or high probability PH (PH group) was 29.1% in patients with PMF. Older age (OR:1.059, p=0.036) and presence of C opacity (OR:4.607, p=0.024) were found to be risk factors for PH in patients with PMF. The survival rate (39.2%) and mean survival time (65.20±9.94 months) were significantly lower in the PH group compared to the non-PH group (p=0.002). PH development was primarily associated with fibrotic disease burden rather than coexisting airflow obstruction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The development of PH and the increase in the degree of PH have a negative effect on the mean survival time. Preventing the development of PMF, which has a poor prognosis, by taking necessary precautions is the most effective option in treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":502142,"journal":{"name":"Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG","volume":"43 1","pages":"18391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}