Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene最新文献

Emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants and their impact on immune evasion and vaccine-induced immunity. 新出现的严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 变体及其对免疫逃避和疫苗诱导免疫的影响。

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae060

Ramendra Pati Pandey,Sachin Kumar,D N Rao,Dablu Lal Gupta

{"title":"Emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants and their impact on immune evasion and vaccine-induced immunity.","authors":"Ramendra Pati Pandey,Sachin Kumar,D N Rao,Dablu Lal Gupta","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trae060","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants harboring mutations in the structural protein, especially in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike protein, have raised concern about potential immune escape. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 plays a vital role in infection and is an important target for neutralizing antibodies. The mutations that occur in the structural proteins, especially in the spike protein, lead to changes in the virus attributes of transmissibility, an increase in disease severity, a notable reduction in neutralizing antibodies generated and thus a decreased response to vaccines and therapy. The observed multiple mutations in the RBD of the spike protein showed immune escape because it increases the affinity of spike protein binding with the ACE-2 receptor of host cells and increases resistance to neutralizing antibodies. Cytotoxic T-cell responses are crucial in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infections from the infected tissues and clearing them from circulation. Cytotoxic T cells efficiently recognized the infected cells and killed them by releasing soluble mediator's perforin and granzymes. However, the overwhelming response of T cells and, subsequently, the overproduction of inflammatory mediators during severe infections with SARS-CoV-2 may lead to poor outcomes. This review article summarizes the impact of mutations in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, especially mutations of RBD, on immunogenicity, immune escape and vaccine-induced immunity, which could contribute to future studies focusing on vaccine design and immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":501685,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of Toxocara canis infection among children in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 越南胡志明市儿童弓形虫感染的临床和实验室特征

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae057

Thieu V Ha, Hong K Tang, Bach V Ngo, Truc P T Le, Duc H Le, Y M L Tran, Duy K H Dang, Tien T N Vo

{"title":"Clinical and laboratory characteristics of Toxocara canis infection among children in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","authors":"Thieu V Ha, Hong K Tang, Bach V Ngo, Truc P T Le, Duc H Le, Y M L Tran, Duy K H Dang, Tien T N Vo","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trae057","url":null,"abstract":"Background This study determines the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of children with Toxocara canis infection and serum eosinophil cut-off values for predicting toxocariasis in the group displaying symptoms of itching, urticaria and erythema. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during March and April 2023 with a sample size of 986 children aged 3–15 y. Results In total, 140 (14.2%) of the 986 participants had anti-T canis antibodies. The most frequently experienced symptoms in this group were itching (10.1%), abdominal pain (8.2%) and urticaria (3.3%). The rate of IgE increased (37%), and the rates of mild and high eosinophilia were 38% and 2.2%, respectively. There were significant differences in IgE concentration and eosinophil count, and for both IgE concentration and eosinophil count between the two groups with and without toxocariasis. The optimal threshold for eosinophil to predict toxocariasis was 0.38 K/µL, with itching, urticaria and erythema resulting in a sensitivity of 61.5%, a specificity of 82.1% and a receiver operating characteristic curve (area under the curve) of 0.71. Conclusions This study confirmed a positive association between IgE concentration, eosinophil count and positive serology for T. canis. A general blood count, including eosinophils, is a simple test that can be performed in hospitals. Clinicians should target and screen for T.oxocara canis infection when children display clinical symptoms of itching, urticaria, erythema and eosinophilia. Clinical trial registration number NCT05208333","PeriodicalId":501685,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Care seeking for childhood illnesses in rural Mtwara, south-east Tanzania: a mixed methods study 坦桑尼亚东南部姆特瓦拉农村地区儿童疾病就医情况：一项混合方法研究

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae022

Salum Mshamu, Judith Meta, Casiana Sanga, Nicholas Day, Mavuto Mukaka, Bipin Adhikari, Jacqueline Deen, Jakob Knudsen, Christopher Pell, Lorenz von Seidlein

{"title":"Care seeking for childhood illnesses in rural Mtwara, south-east Tanzania: a mixed methods study","authors":"Salum Mshamu, Judith Meta, Casiana Sanga, Nicholas Day, Mavuto Mukaka, Bipin Adhikari, Jacqueline Deen, Jakob Knudsen, Christopher Pell, Lorenz von Seidlein","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trae022","url":null,"abstract":"Background Care seeking was assessed in preparation for a study of the health impact of novel design houses in rural Mtwara, Tanzania. Methods A total of 578 residents of 60 villages participated in this mixed-methods study from April to August 2020. Among them, 550 participated in a healthcare-seeking survey, 17 in in-depth interviews and 28 in key informant interviews. Results The decision to seek care was based on symptom severity (95.4% [370]). Caregivers first visited non-allopathic healthcare providers or were treated at home, which led to delays in seeking care at healthcare facilities. More than one-third (36.0% [140]) of respondents took &gt;12 h seeking care at healthcare facilities. The majority (73.0% [282]) visited healthcare facilities, whereas around one-fifth (21.0% [80]) sought care at drug stores. Treatment costs deterred respondents from visiting healthcare facilities (61.4% [338]). Only 10 (3.6%) of the households surveyed reported that they were covered by health insurance. Conclusions Quality of care, related to institutional factors, impacts timely care seeking for childhood illnesses in Mtwara, Tanzania. Ensuring accessibility of facilities is therefore not sufficient.","PeriodicalId":501685,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140829995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A challenging case of borderline lepromatous leprosy non-responsive to WHO-MDT: exploring approaches beyond WHO-MDT 对WHO-MDT无反应的边缘型麻风病挑战性病例：探索WHO-MDT之外的方法

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae027

Apoorva Sharma, Mayur Parkhi, Seema Chhabra, Tarun Narang, Sanjeev Handa, Sunil Dogra

引用次数: 0

Blood transfusion in the care of patients with visceral leishmaniasis: a review of practices in therapeutic efficacy studies 内脏利什曼病患者护理中的输血：疗效研究实践回顾

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae018

Prabin Dahal, Sauman Singh-Phulgenda, James Wilson, Glaucia Cota, Koert Ritmeijer, Ahmed Musa, Fabiana Alves, Kasia Stepniewska, Philippe J Guerin

{"title":"Blood transfusion in the care of patients with visceral leishmaniasis: a review of practices in therapeutic efficacy studies","authors":"Prabin Dahal, Sauman Singh-Phulgenda, James Wilson, Glaucia Cota, Koert Ritmeijer, Ahmed Musa, Fabiana Alves, Kasia Stepniewska, Philippe J Guerin","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trae018","url":null,"abstract":"Blood transfusion remains an important aspect of patient management in visceral leishmaniasis (VL). However, transfusion triggers considered are poorly understood. This review summarises the transfusion practices adopted in VL efficacy studies using the Infectious Diseases Data Observatory VL clinical trials library. Of the 160 studies (1980–2021) indexed in the IDDO VL library, description of blood transfusion was presented in 16 (10.0%) (n=3459 patients) studies. Transfusion was initiated solely based on haemoglobin (Hb) measurement in nine studies, combining Hb measurement with an additional condition (epistaxis/poor health/clinical instability) in three studies and the criteria was not mentioned in four studies. The Hb threshold range for triggering transfusion was 3–8 g/dL. The number of patients receiving transfusion was explicitly reported in 10 studies (2421 patients enrolled, 217 underwent transfusion). The median proportion of patients who received transfusion in a study was 8.0% (Interquartile range: 4.7% to 47.2%; range: 0–100%; n=10 studies). Of the 217 patients requiring transfusion, 58 occurred before VL treatment initiation, 46 during the treatment/follow-up phase and the time was not mentioned in 113. This review describes the variation in clinical practice and is an important initial step in policy/guideline development, where both the patient's Hb concentration and clinical status must be considered.","PeriodicalId":501685,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140829942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High burden of noma in the Gambella region of Ethiopia: a 12-year retrospective study on noma cases from the Facing Africa database 埃塞俄比亚甘贝拉地区坏疽性口炎的高负担：对来自 "面对非洲 "数据库的坏疽性口炎病例的 12 年回顾性研究

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae015

Heron Gezahegn Gebretsadik, Yenigat Abera

{"title":"High burden of noma in the Gambella region of Ethiopia: a 12-year retrospective study on noma cases from the Facing Africa database","authors":"Heron Gezahegn Gebretsadik, Yenigat Abera","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trae015","url":null,"abstract":"Background Noma, an infectious disease, mainly affects impoverished children. This study retrospectively assessed noma's prevalence in Ethiopia using data from the Facing Africa database and the 2022 United Nations Development Programme poverty index report. Methods A thorough review of medical records spanning 2007 to 2019 identified a total of 235 noma cases. A standardized data extraction template was employed to systematically gather pertinent clinical and demographic data for subsequent analysis. Prevalence rates were calculated nationally and regionally for both the general population and children aged ≤10 y. Results The analysis revealed estimated national prevalence rates of 0.65 per 100 000 individuals at risk and 1.9 per 100 000 children aged &lt;10 y at risk. The Gambela region exhibited the highest prevalence rate (11.2 per 100 000), whereas the Benshangul Gumuz region had the lowest (0.25 per 100 000). Similar patterns were observed among children aged ≤10 y, with the Gambela and Benshangul Gumuz regions reporting rates of 32.9 and 0.74 per 100 000, respectively. Conclusions The study highlights noma's significant impact on children aged &lt;10 y in Ethiopia, especially in the Gambella region. It offers crucial baseline data to assist public health professionals, policymakers and healthcare providers in formulating evidence-based strategies to combat noma and improve affected individuals' well-being.","PeriodicalId":501685,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comparison of DNA extraction methods used in the direct molecular detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei from blood 用于直接分子检测血液中假马勒伯克霍尔德氏菌的 DNA 提取方法比较

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae020

Georgia Mataira, Fleur Francis, Jaimie Frazer, Robert Norton

引用次数: 0

Temporal trends and spatial and spatiotemporal distribution of schistosomiasis mansoni in northeast Brazil between 2005 and 2016 2005 至 2016 年间巴西东北部曼氏血吸虫病的时间趋势及空间和时空分布情况

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad099

Vitória Jordana Bezerra Alencar, Pedro Dantas Lima, João Paulo Vieira Machado, Maria Wilma da Silva Lima, Sheilla da Conceição Gomes, Wandklebson Silva da Paz, Rosália Elen Santos Ramos, Letícia Pereira Bezerra, Israel Gomes de Amorim Santos

{"title":"Temporal trends and spatial and spatiotemporal distribution of schistosomiasis mansoni in northeast Brazil between 2005 and 2016","authors":"Vitória Jordana Bezerra Alencar, Pedro Dantas Lima, João Paulo Vieira Machado, Maria Wilma da Silva Lima, Sheilla da Conceição Gomes, Wandklebson Silva da Paz, Rosália Elen Santos Ramos, Letícia Pereira Bezerra, Israel Gomes de Amorim Santos","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trad099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trad099","url":null,"abstract":"Background Schistosoma mansoni is a parasitic disease of great magnitude for Brazilian public health. We aimed to analyse the temporal trend and spatial and spatiotemporal distribution of positivity rates for schistosomiasis mansoni in northeast Brazil. Methods This is a descriptive study with an ecological approach, carried out between 2005 and 2016. We calculated the positivity rate for the disease and then performed a segmented trend analysis (Joinpoint). For spatial analysis, we smoothed the positivity rates using the local empirical Bayesian method. We checked for spatial autocorrelation using Moran’s global and local. Subsequently, we performed Kulldorff’s space time sweep analysis. Results In the period under review, 7 745 650 tests were performed in the northeast, of which 577 793 were positive for Schistosoma mansoni. In the historical series of positivities, it is noted that the highest rates were in Sergipe, Alagoas and Pernambuco. The states of Alagoas and Sergipe showed higher positivity in relation to the average positivity of the northeast and of Brazil. The spatial analysis maps identify clusters of high risk of schistosomiasis cases, mainly in coastal municipalities. There was also stability in positivity rates in some states and the maintenance of endemic areas. Conclusions Thus effective public health policies are needed in health education in order to reduce schistosomiasis positivity and improve the health conditions of the northeastern population.","PeriodicalId":501685,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139510125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical characteristics of snakebite patients attending a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, southeast China 中国东南部杭州一家三甲医院就诊的蛇咬伤患者的临床特征

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad087

Yuchen Shen, Sipin Hu, Shuhua Bao, Mengyun Tu

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of snakebite patients attending a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, southeast China","authors":"Yuchen Shen, Sipin Hu, Shuhua Bao, Mengyun Tu","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trad087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trad087","url":null,"abstract":"Background Venomous snakebite is a neglected yet an important public health problem in China, and few studies have focused on them so far. The aim of this study is to investigate clinical characteristics of snakebites patients in a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, southeast China. Methods A total of 416 snakebite cases were included in this retrospective study. The data were collected from the medical records including demographics, clinical manifestations, management and outcomes. Results Of the 416 patients with venomous snakebites, 248 were male, and the average age was 54.6 years. The majority of cases occurred in rural in May to September. Out of all the venomous bites, Gloydius brevicaudus accounted for the highest percentage (55.3%). Hands were the most vulnerable site to snakebites (47.4%). Patients had clinical manifestations of pain (100%), swelling (100%), wound necrosis (25.7%), hemorrhagic blister (18.3%), and blister (8.7%). Three hundred and ninety-two patients received antivenom administration, and most were treated within six hours after bites. Twenty-six patients received surgical treatments, and 90 patients developed venom-induced consumption coagulopathy. No deaths have occurred in this study. Conclusion Hangzhou is one of the regions with high affecting of snakebites in China. The results of this study will increase the understanding of the clinical characteristics of venomous snakebites in Hangzhou area.","PeriodicalId":501685,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138577403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0