Lenka H Shriver, Barbara J Marriage, Tama D Bloch, Colleen K Spees, Samantha A Ramsay, Rosanna P Watowicz, Christopher A Taylor
{"title":"Contribution of snacks to dietary intakes of young children in the United States.","authors":"Lenka H Shriver, Barbara J Marriage, Tama D Bloch, Colleen K Spees, Samantha A Ramsay, Rosanna P Watowicz, Christopher A Taylor","doi":"10.1111/mcn.12454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nutritional quality of children's diets is a public health priority in the fight against childhood obesity and chronic diseases. The main purpose of this study was to determine contribution of snacks to energy and nutrient intakes and to identify leading snack food sources of energy, total fat, and added sugars amongst young children in the United States. Using the 2005-2012 NHANES data, dietary intakes of 2- to 5-year-old children were analysed from a parent-reported 24-hour dietary recall (n = 3,429). Snacking occasions were aggregated to determine the proportion of total food/beverage intake obtained from snacks, estimate energy, and nutrient intakes, and identify the leading snack food sources of energy, added sugars, and total fat. Nearly all children consumed a snack on the reported day (62% morning, 84% afternoon, and 72% evening). Snacks accounted for 28% of total energy intake, 32% of carbohydrates, 39% of added sugars, and 26% of total fat and dietary fiber intakes for the day. Snacking occasions accounted for 46.6% of all beverages consumed on the reported day. Snacks and sweets food category (i.e., cookies and pastries) were the leading sources of energy (44%), total fat (52%), and added sugars (53%) consumed during snacking occasions. Sweetened beverages (e.g., fruit and sport drinks) contributed 1-quarter of all added sugars obtained from snacks. Snacks contribute considerable amount of energy and nutrients to young children's diets, with a heavy reliance on energy-dense foods and beverages. Targeted interventions are needed to improve the nutritional quality of snacks consumed by young children.</p>","PeriodicalId":501646,"journal":{"name":"Maternal & Child Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mcn.12454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34852106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bireshwar Sinha, Sunita Taneja, Ranadip Chowdhury, Sarmila Mazumder, Temsunaro Rongsen-Chandola, Ravi Prakash Upadhyay, Jose Martines, Nita Bhandari, Maharaj Kishan Bhan
{"title":"Low-birthweight infants born to short-stature mothers are at additional risk of stunting and poor growth velocity: Evidence from secondary data analyses.","authors":"Bireshwar Sinha, Sunita Taneja, Ranadip Chowdhury, Sarmila Mazumder, Temsunaro Rongsen-Chandola, Ravi Prakash Upadhyay, Jose Martines, Nita Bhandari, Maharaj Kishan Bhan","doi":"10.1111/mcn.12504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-birthweight (LBW) infants are at an increased risk of stunting and poor linear growth. The risk might be additionally higher in these infants when born to short mothers. However, this hypothesis has been less explored. The objective of this secondary data analysis was to determine the risk of linear growth faltering and difference in linear growth velocity in LBW infants born to short mothers (<150 cm) compared to those born to mothers with height ≥150 cm during the first year of life. This analysis uses data from a community-based randomized controlled trial of 2,052 hospital-born term infants with birthweight ≤2,500g from urban low-middle socioeconomic neighbourhoods in Delhi, India. Data on maternal height and infant birth length were available from 1,858 (90.5%) of the infants. Infant anthropometry outcomes were measured at birth, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. We found that infants born to short mothers had around twofold higher odds of stunting and lower attained length-for-age Z scores compared to infants of mothers with height ≥150 cm, at all ages of assessment. Linear growth velocity was significantly lower in infants of short mothers particularly in the first 6 months of life. We conclude that LBW infants born to short mothers are at a higher risk of stunting and have slower postnatal growth velocity resulting in lower attained length-for-age Z scores in infancy. Evidence-based strategies need to be tested to optimize growth velocity in LBW infants especially those born to short mothers.</p>","PeriodicalId":501646,"journal":{"name":"Maternal & Child Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mcn.12504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35345594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phuong H Nguyen, Ann M DiGirolamo, Ines Gonzalez-Casanova, Melissa Young, Nicole Kim, Son Nguyen, Reynaldo Martorell, Usha Ramakrishnan
{"title":"Influences of early child nutritional status and home learning environment on child development in Vietnam.","authors":"Phuong H Nguyen, Ann M DiGirolamo, Ines Gonzalez-Casanova, Melissa Young, Nicole Kim, Son Nguyen, Reynaldo Martorell, Usha Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.1111/mcn.12468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early childhood development plays a key role in a child's future health, educational success, and economic status. However, suboptimal early development remains a global challenge. This study examines the influences of quality of the home learning environment (HOME) and child stunting in the first year of life on child development. We used data collected from a randomized controlled trial of preconceptional micronutrient supplementation in Vietnam (n = 1,458). The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III were used to assess cognition, language, and motor development domains at 2 years. At 1 year, 14% of children were stunted, and 15%, 58%, and 28% of children lived in poor, medium, and high HOME environments, respectively. In multivariate generalized linear regression models, living in a high HOME environment was significantly associated with higher scores (0.10 to 0.13 SD) in each of the developmental domains. Stunted children scored significantly lower for cognitive, language, and motor development (-0.11 to -0.18), compared to nonstunted children. The negative associations between stunting on development were modified by HOME; the associations were strong among children living in homes with a poor learning environment whereas they were nonsignificant for those living in high-quality learning environments. In conclusion, child stunting the first year of life was negatively associated with child development at 2 years among children in Vietnam, but a high-quality HOME appeared to attenuate these associations. Early interventions aimed at improving early child growth as well as providing a stimulating home environment are critical to ensure optimal child development.</p>","PeriodicalId":501646,"journal":{"name":"Maternal & Child Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mcn.12468","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35063794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting children's fussiness with vegetables: The role of feeding practices.","authors":"Clare E Holley, Emma Haycraft, Claire Farrow","doi":"10.1111/mcn.12442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vegetables are commonly rejected by children, making it is important to consider factors that are associated with children's fussiness with vegetables. The current study aimed to investigate whether fussiness with vegetables is associated with a number of factors including caregiver and child vegetable consumption; caregivers' general feeding practices; and caregivers' vegetable-specific feeding practices. Caregivers (N = 297) of preschool children completed questionnaire measures of their child's fussiness with vegetables, as well as several caregiver and child factors hypothesised to be associated with children's fussiness with vegetables. Findings indicate that children who are fussier with vegetables consume a smaller quantity of vegetables and that almost all have caregivers who eat a smaller quantity of vegetables. Children's fussiness with vegetables was not significantly related to any general feeding practices used by caregivers. However, children's fussiness with vegetables was significantly associated with the use of several vegetable specific feeding practices. Caregivers of fussier children used more encouragement/pressure to eat with vegetables (r = 0.14, p = .01), hid vegetables within other foods more often (r = 0.30, p = <.01), used more food rewards for vegetable consumption (r = 0.19, p <.01), more other rewards for vegetable consumption (r = 0.21, p < .01), and compromised more when feeding vegetables (r = 0.14, p = .01). These findings suggest that rather than caregivers' general feeding practices being related to children's fussiness with vegetables, the specific feeding practices used when vegetables are rejected are more significant. It may therefore be helpful to develop advice for caregivers about which feeding practices to avoid when faced with a child who is fussy about eating vegetables.</p>","PeriodicalId":501646,"journal":{"name":"Maternal & Child Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mcn.12442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34773066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jose Luis Alvarez Morán, Franck G B Alé, Eleanor Rogers, Saul Guerrero
{"title":"Quality of care for treatment of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition delivered by community health workers in a rural area of Mali.","authors":"Jose Luis Alvarez Morán, Franck G B Alé, Eleanor Rogers, Saul Guerrero","doi":"10.1111/mcn.12449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An alternative Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition model with community health workers (CHWs) delivering treatment for uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) was piloted in Mali. The capacity of the CHWs to evaluate, classify, and treat cases of uncomplicated SAM, to provide nutritional counselling to caretakers of children receiving treatment for SAM, malaria, pneumonia or diarrhoea and to correctly refer cases of complicated SAM, was assessed. This was done using direct observation by trained enumerators of the management of SAM cases using checklists, re-diagnosing the cases admitted for treatment and reviewing admissions cards and registers. One hundred twenty-five cases, assessed and treated by the CHWs, were observed. The majority of children were correctly assessed for the presence of major clinical signs (cough, diarrhoea, fever, and vomiting; 97.6%), and similarly most children were checked for the presence of danger signs (95.2%). Mid-upper arm circumference was correctly assessed in 96.8% of children and oedema was correctly assessed in 78.4% (The composite indicator, which includes all essential tasks to provide high-quality treatment, was achieved in 79.5% of cases. This paper concludes that well-trained and supervised CHWs are capable of managing cases of uncomplicated SAM. This suggests that such a strategy is an opportunity to increase access to quality treatment in Mali for SAM cases. However, further evidence is required to ensure that this level of care can be achieved at scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":501646,"journal":{"name":"Maternal & Child Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mcn.12449","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34886698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tanvir M Huda, Alison Hayes, Shams El Arifeen, Michael J Dibley
{"title":"Social determinants of inequalities in child undernutrition in Bangladesh: A decomposition analysis.","authors":"Tanvir M Huda, Alison Hayes, Shams El Arifeen, Michael J Dibley","doi":"10.1111/mcn.12440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Socioeconomic inequalities in child undernutrition remain one of the main challenges in Bangladesh. The social determinants of health are mostly responsible for such inequalities across different population groups. However, no study has examined the relative contribution of different social determinants to the socioeconomic inequality in child undernutrition in Bangladesh. Our objective is to measure the extent of socioeconomic-related inequalities in childhood stunting and identify the key social determinants that potentially explain these inequalities in Bangladesh. We used data for children younger than 5 years of age for this analysis from 2 rounds of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2004 and 2014. We examined the socioeconomic inequality in stunting using the concentration curve and concentration index. We then decomposed the concentration index into the contributions of individual social determinants. We found significant inequality in stunting prevalence. The negative concentration index of stunting indicated that stunting was more concentrated among the poor than among the well-off. Our results suggest that inequalities in stunting increased between 2004 and 2014. Household economic status, maternal and paternal education, health-seeking behavior of the mothers, sanitation, fertility, and maternal stature were the major contributors to the disparity in stunting prevalence in Bangladesh. Equity is a critical component of sustainable development goals. Health policymakers should work together across sectors and develop strategies for effective intersectoral actions to adequately address the social determinants of equity and reduce inequalities in stunting and other health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":501646,"journal":{"name":"Maternal & Child Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mcn.12440","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34792821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}