Matilde Leonardi, Paolo Martelletti, Rami Burstein, Arianna Fornari, Licia Grazzi, Alla Guekht, Richard B. Lipton, Dimos Dimitrios Mitsikostas, Jes Olesen, Mayowa Ojo Owolabi, Elena Ruiz De la Torre, Simona Sacco, Timothy J. Steiner, Nirmal Surya, Takao Takeshima, Cristina Tassorelli, Shuu-Jiun Wang, Tissa Wijeratne, Shengyuan Yu, Alberto Raggi
{"title":"The World Health Organization Intersectoral Global Action Plan on Epilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders and the headache revolution: from headache burden to a global action plan for headache disorders","authors":"Matilde Leonardi, Paolo Martelletti, Rami Burstein, Arianna Fornari, Licia Grazzi, Alla Guekht, Richard B. Lipton, Dimos Dimitrios Mitsikostas, Jes Olesen, Mayowa Ojo Owolabi, Elena Ruiz De la Torre, Simona Sacco, Timothy J. Steiner, Nirmal Surya, Takao Takeshima, Cristina Tassorelli, Shuu-Jiun Wang, Tissa Wijeratne, Shengyuan Yu, Alberto Raggi","doi":"10.1186/s10194-023-01700-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01700-3","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization (WHO) Intersectoral Global Action Plan on Epilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders was developed by WHO to address the worldwide challenges and gaps in provision of care and services for people with epilepsy and other neurological disorders and to ensure a comprehensive, coordinated response across sectors to the burden of neurologic diseases and to promote brain health across life-course. Headache disorders constitute the second most burdensome of all neurological diseases after stroke, but the first if young and midlife adults are taken into account. Despite the availability of a range of treatments, disability associated with headache disorders, and with migraine, remains very high. In addition, there are inequalities between high-income and low and middle income countries in access to medical care. In line with several brain health initiatives following the WHOiGAP resolution, herein we tailor the main pillars of the action plan to headache disorders: (1) raising policy prioritization and strengthen governance; (2) providing effective, timely and responsive diagnosis, treatment and care; (3) implementing strategies for promotion and prevention; (4) fostering research and innovation and strengthen information systems. Specific targets for future policy actions are proposed. The Global Action Plan triggered a revolution in neurology, not only by increasing public awareness of brain disorders and brain health but also by boosting the number of neurologists in training, raising research funding and making neurology a public health priority for policy makers. Reducing the burden of headache disorders will not only improve the quality of life and wellbeing of people with headache but also reduce the burden of neurological disorders increasing global brain health and, thus, global population health.","PeriodicalId":501630,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Headache and Pain","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139095770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina Vitale, Angelita Tottene, Maral Zarin Zadeh, K. C. Brennan, Daniela Pietrobon
{"title":"Correction: Mechanisms of initiation of cortical spreading depression","authors":"Marina Vitale, Angelita Tottene, Maral Zarin Zadeh, K. C. Brennan, Daniela Pietrobon","doi":"10.1186/s10194-023-01702-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01702-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000<b>Correction: J Headache Pain 24, 105 (2023)</b>\u0000</p><p>\u0000<b>https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01643-9</b>\u0000</p><p>In the original version of this article [1], on page 2, in the second paragraph of the right-hand column, the text reads: “ On the other hand, mutant mice carrying mutations, which cause partial loss-of-function of CaV2.1 channels and reduced K<sup>+</sup>-evoked glutamate rise, showed a lower CSD stimulation threshold” but it should have read: “ On the other hand, mutant mice carrying mutations, which cause partial loss-of-function of CaV2.1 channels and reduced K + -evoked glutamate rise, showed <b>an increased</b> CSD stimulation threshold”.</p><p>The original article has been corrected.</p><ol data-track-component=\"outbound reference\"><li data-counter=\"1.\"><p>Vitale M, Tottene A, Zarin Zadeh M et al (2023) Mechanisms of initiation of cortical spreading depression. J Headache Pain 24:105. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01643-9</p><p>Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar </p></li></ol><p>Download references<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"><use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-download-medium\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"></use></svg></p><span>Author notes</span><ol><li><p>Marina Vitale and Angelita Tottene contributed equally.</p></li></ol><h3>Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol><li><p>Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy</p><p>Marina Vitale, Angelita Tottene, Maral Zarin Zadeh & Daniela Pietrobon</p></li><li><p>Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA</p><p>K. C. Brennan</p></li><li><p>Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy</p><p>Daniela Pietrobon</p></li></ol><span>Authors</span><ol><li><span>Marina Vitale</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Angelita Tottene</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Maral Zarin Zadeh</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>K. C. Brennan</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Daniela Pietrobon</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li></ol><h3>Corresponding author</h3><p>Correspondence to Daniela Pietrobon.</p><p><b>Open Access</b> This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons ","PeriodicalId":501630,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Headache and Pain","volume":"483 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138818351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association between impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation and BBB disruption in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome","authors":"Yu-Hsiang Ling, Nai-Fang Chi, Li-Ling Hope Pan, Yen-Feng Wang, Chia-Hung Wu, Jiing-Feng Lirng, Jong-Ling Fuh, Shuu-Jiun Wang, Shih-Pin Chen","doi":"10.1186/s10194-023-01694-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01694-y","url":null,"abstract":"Half of the sufferers of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) exhibit imaging-proven blood-brain barrier disruption. The pathogenesis of blood-brain barrier disruption in RCVS remains unclear and mechanism-specific intervention is lacking. We speculated that cerebrovascular dysregulation might be associated with blood-brain barrier disruption in RCVS. Hence, we aimed to evaluate whether the dynamic cerebral autoregulation is altered in patients with RCVS and could be associated with blood-brain barrier disruption. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2019 to 2021 at headache clinics of a national tertiary medical center. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation was evaluated in all participants. The capacity of the dynamic cerebral autoregulation to damp the systemic hemodynamic changes, i.e., phase shift and gain between the cerebral blood flow and blood pressure waveforms in the very-low- and low-frequency bands were calculated by transfer function analysis. The mean flow correlation index was also calculated. Patients with RCVS received 3-dimensional isotropic contrast-enhanced T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging to visualize blood-brain barrier disruption. Forty-five patients with RCVS (41.9 ± 9.8 years old, 29 females) and 45 matched healthy controls (41.4 ± 12.5 years old, 29 females) completed the study. Nineteen of the patients had blood-brain barrier disruption. Compared to healthy controls, patients with RCVS had poorer dynamic cerebral autoregulation, indicated by higher gain in very-low-frequency band (left: 1.6 ± 0.7, p = 0.001; right: 1.5 ± 0.7, p = 0.003; healthy controls: 1.1 ± 0.4) and higher mean flow correlation index (left: 0.39 ± 0.20, p = 0.040; right: 0.40 ± 0.18, p = 0.017; healthy controls: 0.31 ± 0.17). Moreover, patients with RCVS with blood-brain barrier disruption had worse dynamic cerebral autoregulation, as compared to those without blood-brain barrier disruption, by having less phase shift in very-low- and low-frequency bands, and higher mean flow correlation index. Dysfunctional dynamic cerebral autoregulation was observed in patients with RCVS, particularly in those with blood-brain barrier disruption. These findings suggest that impaired cerebral autoregulation plays a pivotal role in RCVS pathophysiology and may be relevant to complications associated with blood-brain barrier disruption by impaired capacity of maintaining stable cerebral blood flow under fluctuating blood pressure. ","PeriodicalId":501630,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Headache and Pain","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138745221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katarina Mitrović, Andrej M. Savić, Aleksandra Radojičić, Marko Daković, Igor Petrušić
{"title":"Machine learning approach for Migraine Aura Complexity Score prediction based on magnetic resonance imaging data","authors":"Katarina Mitrović, Andrej M. Savić, Aleksandra Radojičić, Marko Daković, Igor Petrušić","doi":"10.1186/s10194-023-01704-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01704-z","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have developed the Migraine Aura Complexity Score (MACS) system. MACS shows great potential in studying the complexity of migraine with aura (MwA) pathophysiology especially when implemented in neuroimaging studies. The use of sophisticated machine learning (ML) algorithms, together with deep profiling of MwA, could bring new knowledge in this field. We aimed to test several ML algorithms to study the potential of structural cortical features for predicting the MACS and therefore gain a better insight into MwA pathophysiology. The data set used in this research consists of 340 MRI features collected from 40 MwA patients. Average MACS score was obtained for each subject. Feature selection for ML models was performed using several approaches, including a correlation test and a wrapper feature selection methodology. Regression was performed with the Support Vector Machine (SVM), Linear Regression, and Radial Basis Function network. SVM achieved a 0.89 coefficient of determination score with a wrapper feature selection. The results suggest a set of cortical features, located mostly in the parietal and temporal lobes, that show changes in MwA patients depending on aura complexity. The SVM algorithm demonstrated the best potential in average MACS prediction when using a wrapper feature selection methodology. The proposed method achieved promising results in determining MwA complexity, which can provide a basis for future MwA studies and the development of MwA diagnosis and treatment.","PeriodicalId":501630,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Headache and Pain","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138716468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bianca Raffaelli, Eloísa Rubio-Beltrán, Soo-Jin Cho, Roberto De Icco, Alejandro Labastida-Ramirez, Dilara Onan, Raffaele Ornello, Ruth Ruscheweyh, Marta Waliszewska-Prosół, Roberta Messina, Francesca Puledda
{"title":"Health equity, care access and quality in headache – part 2","authors":"Bianca Raffaelli, Eloísa Rubio-Beltrán, Soo-Jin Cho, Roberto De Icco, Alejandro Labastida-Ramirez, Dilara Onan, Raffaele Ornello, Ruth Ruscheweyh, Marta Waliszewska-Prosół, Roberta Messina, Francesca Puledda","doi":"10.1186/s10194-023-01699-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01699-7","url":null,"abstract":"Headache disorders are a global public health concern affecting diverse populations. This review examines headache service organizations in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. It addresses global challenges in pharmacological headache treatment, with a focus on safety, tolerability, reproductive and child health, and outlines disparities in accessing innovative treatments worldwide. Organized headache services are essential due to the wide prevalence and varying severity of headache disorders. The tiered headache service model is globally recognized, although its implementation varies based on financial and workforce considerations. Headache burden affects well-being, causing disability, economic challenges, and work limitations, irrespective of location or income. All nations still require improved diagnosis and treatment, and the majority of countries face obstacles including limited access, awareness, economic barriers, and inadequate health policies. Provided adequate internet availability, telemedicine could help improve health equity by expanding access to headache care, since it can offer patients access to services without lengthy waiting times or extensive travel and can provide healthcare unavailable in underserved areas due to staff shortages. Numerous health disparities restrict global access to many headache medications, especially impacting individuals historically excluded from randomized controlled trials, such as those with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions, as well as pregnant women. Furthermore, despite advancements in researching migraine treatments for young patients, the options for treatment remain limited. Access to headache treatment relies on factors like medication availability, approval, financial coverage, and healthcare provider expertise. Inadequate public awareness leads to neglect by policymakers and undertreatment by patients and healthcare providers. Global access discrepancies are exacerbated by the introduction of novel disease-specific medications, particularly impacting Asian, African, and Latin American nations excluded from clinical trials. While North America and Europe experience broad availability of migraine treatments, the majority of countries worldwide lack access to these therapies. Healthcare disparities, treatment access, and medication availability are concerning issues in headache medicine. Variations in national healthcare systems impact headache management, and costly innovative drugs are widening these gaps. Healthcare practitioners and experts should acknowledge these challenges and work towards minimizing access barriers for equitable global headache care in the future.","PeriodicalId":501630,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Headache and Pain","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138581533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The burden and trends of headache disorders among the population aged 15–39: a study from 1990 to 2019","authors":"Ruixia Yuan, Zhuang Tong, Guoliang Xiang, Yingying Xie, Kaixiang Li, Liang Zhang, Xueqing Wang","doi":"10.1186/s10194-023-01703-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01703-0","url":null,"abstract":"To analyze the global burden of headache disorders in adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Data of headache disorders in the 15–39 age groups were extracted from GBD 2019. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) rate were used to describe the burden. Estimated Annual Percentage Changes (EAPCs) were used to describe the trend from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and age-standardized YLDs rate (ASYR) in AYAs were 42,473.18 (95% CI: 34,836.35, 50,858.30) per 100,000, 12,566.18 (95% CI: 8542.10, 16,915.68) per 100,000 and 790.32 (95% CI: 129.56, 1786.52) per 100,000, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the ASRs showed increasing trends, with EAPCs of 0.04 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.06), 0.05 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.07), and 0.08 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.10). Migraine accounted for 91.54% of headache-related YLDs. The burdens in females were higher than those in males, especially for ASYR. This burden was greatest in the high sociodemographic index (SDI) super region. In the temporal trend of ASIR, 127 (62.25%) countries showed upward trends, mainly distributed in East Asia, Central Asia, West Africa, and Western Latin America. The burden of headache disorders in the global population aged 15–39 is severe, especially among females and in countries with high SDI. Furthermore, this burden has been steadily increasing over the past three decades. Those findings assist in implementing targeted intervention measures.","PeriodicalId":501630,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Headache and Pain","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuqin Xiong, Nujia You, Ruoxi Liao, Ling Wu, Yao Liu, Ziying Ling, Yang Yu
{"title":"Association of intradialysis blood sodium level, blood pressure variability, and hydration status with hemodialysis-related headache: a prospective cohort study","authors":"Yuqin Xiong, Nujia You, Ruoxi Liao, Ling Wu, Yao Liu, Ziying Ling, Yang Yu","doi":"10.1186/s10194-023-01701-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01701-2","url":null,"abstract":"To identify primary factors contributing to hemodialysis-related headache (HRH) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Adult outpatients receiving MHD were prospectively enrolled from a hemodialysis (HD) center of a tertiary hospital in China. Twelve dialysis sessions were successively monitored for each patient. HRH is defined as having at least three headache episodes that begin during HD and resolve within 72 h of HD session completion. Blood gas analysis during headache episodes and body composition analysis after dialysis were conducted. Hour-to-hour vital sign variability during dialysis was assessed using the metric of average real variability (ARV). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors triggering HRH. A total of 95 Chinese MHD patients were enrolled, with 92 patients (60.9% were males) included in the final analysis. The mean age of the 92 patients was 59.3 ± 17.5 years, and the median dialysis vintage was 27.1 (12–46.2) months. Among them, 12 patients (13%) complained of 42 headache attacks, and eight (8.7%) were diagnosed with HRH. For eight patients with HRH, headache occurred 100.3 ± 69.5 min after the start of dialysis, with a mean VAS score of 4.3 ± 1 points. The quality of headaches was dull (six patients), pulsating (one patient), or stabbing pain (one patient); all the headaches were bilateral, with one having concomitant vomiting. The intradialysis headache duration and the whole headache duration were 98.8 ± 68.1 and 120 (65–217.5) minutes, respectively. Younger age (OR = 0.844, 95% CI 0.719–0.991, p = 0.039), decreased blood sodium level (OR = 0.309 in the range of 133–142 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.111–0.856, p = 0.024), increased ARV of intradialysis systolic blood pressure (OR = 3.067, 95% CI 1.006–9.348, p = 0.049) and ratio of overhydration to dry weight (OR = 1.990, 95% CI 1.033–3.832, p = 0.040) were found to be independent risk factors for HRH. This study suggested a significant attribution of blood sodium, hydration status and blood pressure variability to HRH.","PeriodicalId":501630,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Headache and Pain","volume":"231 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138565849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jérémy Signoret-Genest, Maxime Barnet, François Gabrielli, Youssef Aissouni, Alain Artola, Radhouane Dallel, Myriam Antri, Philip Tovote, Lénaïc Monconduit
{"title":"Compromised trigemino-coerulean coupling in migraine sensitization can be prevented by blocking beta-receptors in the locus coeruleus","authors":"Jérémy Signoret-Genest, Maxime Barnet, François Gabrielli, Youssef Aissouni, Alain Artola, Radhouane Dallel, Myriam Antri, Philip Tovote, Lénaïc Monconduit","doi":"10.1186/s10194-023-01691-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01691-1","url":null,"abstract":"Migraine is a disabling neurological disorder, characterized by recurrent headaches. During migraine attacks, individuals often experience sensory symptoms such as cutaneous allodynia which indicates the presence of central sensitization. This sensitization is prevented by oral administration of propranolol, a common first-line medication for migraine prophylaxis, that also normalized the activation of the locus coeruleus (LC), considered as the main origin of descending noradrenergic pain controls. We hypothesized that the basal modulation of trigeminal sensory processing by the locus coeruleus is shifted towards more facilitation in migraineurs and that prophylactic action of propranolol may be attributed to a direct action in LC through beta-adrenergic receptors. We used simultaneous in vivo extracellular recordings from the trigeminocervical complex (TCC) and LC of male Sprague–Dawley rats to characterize the relationship between these two areas following repeated meningeal inflammatory soup infusions. Von Frey Hairs and air-puff were used to test periorbital mechanical allodynia. RNAscope and patch-clamp recordings allowed us to examine the action mechanism of propranolol. We found a strong synchronization between TCC and LC spontaneous activities, with a precession of the LC, suggesting the LC drives TCC excitability. Following repeated dural-evoked trigeminal activations, we observed a disruption in coupling of activity within LC and TCC. This suggested an involvement of the two regions’ interactions in the development of sensitization. Furthermore, we showed the co-expression of alpha-2A and beta-2 adrenergic receptors within LC neurons. Finally propranolol microinjections into the LC prevented trigeminal sensitization by desynchronizing and decreasing LC neuronal activity. Altogether these results suggest that trigemino-coerulean coupling plays a pivotal role in migraine progression, and that propranolol’s prophylactic effects involve, to some extent, the modulation of LC activity through beta-2 adrenergic receptors. This insight reveals new mechanistic aspects of LC control over sensory processing.","PeriodicalId":501630,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Headache and Pain","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138557159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}