bioRxiv - Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Opsin-based photoreception in Crinoids","authors":"Youri Nonclercq, Marjorie Lienard, Alexia Lourtie, Emilie Duthoo, Lise Vanespen, Igor Eeckhaut, Patrick Flammang, Jerome Delroisse","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.14.607903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.14.607903","url":null,"abstract":"Opsin-mediated light perception has been investigated in many marine invertebrates including some clades of echinoderms such as sea stars, sea urchins and brittle stars. On the other hand, the understanding of potential light perception in crinoids, the basal lineage of the echinoderm phylum, remains largely unexplored. Only a few behavioural observations suggest that crinoids may be sensitive to light stimuli. This study investigates the behavioural and molecular basis of opsin-based photoreception in Antedon bifida, a European crinoid species belonging to the Comatulid order. In this context, the behavioural response to different light wavelengths, the characterisation of opsin genes in the recent chromosome-scale genome of this species and the opsin immunolocalisation within the crinoid tissues have been investigated. Behavioural tests pointed to a significant negative phototactic behaviour induced by a wide range of light wavelengths (463 to 630 nm) with maximum sensitivity to blue light (λmax = 463 nm). In silico genome analyses revealed the presence of only three rhabdomeric opsin genes located on chromosomes 4 and 6: Abif-opsins 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3. All crinoid opsins are phylogenetically clustered as a sister-group of all other echinoderm rhabdomeric opsins, supporting their evolution via duplication of an ancestral gene in the crinoid lineage. The low opsin diversity contrasts with other echinoderms which are generally characterised by up to eight bilaterian opsin groups. Interestingly, A. bifida opsin sequences present typical amino acid residues of rhabdomeric opsins of other bilaterians, including two conserved cysteines (C110, C187), the probable ancestral E181 counterion, a NPxxY(x)6F pattern, a highly conserved lysine potentially covalently bound to a chromophore, and the (D)RY motif, all supportive of photoreceptive functions. Finally, immunoreactivity to newly generated antibodies designed against sea star opsins was highlighted in several tissues associated with the ambulacral grooves of the calyx and the pinnules. Within these tissues, Abif-opsins (potentially the Abif-opsin 4.1) are expressed in the ectoneural basiepithelial nerve plexus and the hyponeural nerve plexus. On the other hand, a different opsin type (potentially the Abif-opsin 4.2) is also expressed in the sensory papillae of tube feet. The localization of at least two opsin types in different sensory structures suggests the presence of a complex extraocular photoreception system exclusively based on rhabdomeric opsins in this crinoid species.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring tropical freshwater soundscapes in Southeast Asia: insights into auditory sensory adaptation of wild Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens","authors":"Andreia Ramos, David Goncalves, Raquel O. Vasconcelos","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.13.607752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.13.607752","url":null,"abstract":"While soundscapes shape the structure and function of auditory systems over evolutionary timescales, there is limited information regarding the adaptation of wild fish populations to their natural acoustic environments. This is particularly relevant for freshwater ecosystems, which are extremely diverse and face escalating pressures from human activities and associated noise pollution. The Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens is one of the most important cultured species in the global ornamental fish market and is increasingly recognized as a model organism for genetics and behavioural studies. This air-breathing species (Anabantoidei), characterized by the presence of a suprabranchial labyrinth organ, is native to Southeast Asia and inhabits low flow freshwater ecosystems that are increasingly threatened due to habitat destruction and pollution. We characterized the underwater soundscape, along with various ecological parameters, across five marshland habitats of B. splendens, from lentic waterbodies to small canals near a lake in Chiang Rai province (Thailand). All habitats exhibited common traits of low dissolved oxygen and dense herbaceous vegetation. Soundscapes were relatively quiet with Sound Pressure Level (SPL) around 102-105 dB re 1 uPa and most spectral energy below 1000 Hz. Sound recordings captured diverse biological sounds, including potential fish vocalizations, but primarily insect sounds. Based on Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP) recordings, we identified sex-specific differences and a best hearing range within 100-400 Hz. This low-frequency tuning highlights the potential susceptibility of B. splendens to anthropogenic noise activities. This study provides first characterization of the auditory sensitivity and natural soundscape of B. splendens, establishing an important ground for future hearing research in this species. The information provided on the auditory sensory adaptation of B. splendens emphasizes the importance of preserving quiet soundscapes from lentic freshwater ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What works to improve species conservation state? An analysis of species whose state has improved and the actions responsible","authors":"Ashley T. Simkins, William J. Sutherland, Lynn V. Dicks, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Molly K. Grace, Stuart H.M. Butchart, Rebecca A. Senior, Silviu O. Petrovan","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.04.606320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.04.606320","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the consequences of past conservation efforts is essential to inform the means of maintaining and restoring species. Data from the IUCN Red List for 67,217 comprehensively assessed animal species were reviewed and analysed to determine (i) which conservation actions have been implemented for different species, (ii) which types of species have improved in state and (iii) which actions are likely to have driven the improvements. At least 51.8% (34,847) of assessed species have actions reported, mostly comprising protected areas (82.7%), with more actions reported for both terrestrial tetrapods and warm-water reef-building corals and fewer for fish, dragonflies and damselflies and crustaceans. Species at greater risk of extinction have a wider range of species-targeted actions reported compared to less threatened species, reflecting differences in documentation and conservation efforts. Six times more species have deteriorated rather than improved in their Red List category. Almost all species that improved have conservation actions in place; species that improved in state typically were historically at high risk of extinction, have smaller ranges and lacked a range of reported threats, particularly hunting and habitat loss or degradation. All types of conservation action were associated with improvements in state, especially reintroductions and invasive species control, alongside, for amphibians and birds, area management. This suggests a range of conservation interventions have successfully conserved some species at greatest risk but have rarely recovered populations to resilient levels. Scaling up the extent and intensity of conservation interventions, particularly landscape-scale actions that benefit broadly distributed species, is urgently needed to assist the recovery of biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the Distribution and Phylogenetic Insights of Chrysobrycon mojicai in the Peruvian Amazon: Morphological and Molecular Analyses with Taxonomic Corrections","authors":"Junior Chuctaya, Morgan Ruiz-Tafur, Dario Faustino-Fuster, Vanessa Meza-Vargas, Carmen Garcia-Davila, Diana Castro-Ruiz, Carlos Angulo, James Anyelo Vanegas-Ríos","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.02.606444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.02.606444","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the genus <em>Chrysobrycon</em>, particularly <em>Chrysobrycon mojicai</em>, which was initially described in the Amacayacu National Natural Park in Colombia. Here, we document a new geographical record of <em>C. mojicai</em> in various locations of the Peruvian Amazon, including the Nanay, Putumayo, Tapiche, and Tigre Rivers basins. Based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular analyses, we confirm the presence of <em>C. mojicai</em> in these new locations, expanding its known distribution. Morphological features such as the distinct shape of the hypertrophied scales and the specific arrangement of teeth were used to confirm its identity. Molecular data, obtained through cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequencing, provide additional validation and contribute to understanding its phylogenetic relationships within the Stevardiini tribe. Our phylogenetic analysis reveals unresolved relationships within the tribe, particularly in the genus <em>Gephyrocharax</em>, and highlights discrepancies in the current taxonomic framework, with <em>C. mojicai</em> showing close genetic affinity to <em>C. myersi</em> from the Pachitea River basin. The study also presents morphometric information of the holotype of C. mojicai, specifically the percentages of measurements relative to the head, which were not included in the original description. It also includes ecological observations of the habitats where <em>C. mojicai</em> was collected, noting its presence in blackwater and mixed water streams characterized by fluctuating water levels and specific physical and chemical parameters. Additionally, the study restricts the distribution of <em>C. guahibo</em> for Colombia and invalidates the COI sequence of <em>Hysteronotus megalostomus</em> available in molecular databases. This research not only expands the known distribution of <em>C. mojicai</em> but also underscores the need for further taxonomic and ecological studies to resolve existing ambiguities within the Stevardiini subfamily.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The assembly of Y chromosome reveals amplification of genes regulating male fertility in Bactrocera dorsalis","authors":"Shuangxiong Wu, Jiahong Wu, Quan Lei, Donghai He, Xinrui Jiang, Chao Ye, Dong Wei, Jin-Jun Wang, Luohao Xu, Hongbo Jiang","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.01.606120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.01.606120","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis is an invasive pest causing considerable ecological and economic damage worldwide. The Y chromosome is an important target for the sterile insect technique (SIT) but its sequence and structure has been poorly explored. RESULTS: We assembled the genome of B. dorsalis at the chromosome level with a total size of 562.6 Mb. The assembly includes a ~7.6 Mb Y chromosome sequence, being the first reported Y chromosome in Tephritidae. The assembled Y chromosome is highly repetitive, and contains 61 genes, including 9 multi-copy genes. We surprisingly found that the M factor (MoY) in Tephritidae has multiple copies, verified by our droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) analysis. Besides, we identified 32 copies of gyf-like on the Y chromosome (gyfY) that were highly expressed in testis. RNAi targeting the gyfY resulted in depletion of live sperms, suggesting that the amplification of gyfY is essential for male fertility, which facilitated the understanding of high fecundity of this invasive insect. CONCLUSION: We reported firstly the Y chromosome of Bactrocera dorsalis. Our results will also provide target genes for CRISPR/Cas9 based SIT, leading to the development of novel control strategies against tephritid flies.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive effects of temperature acclimation and dietary fatty acids on metabolic rate and body composition of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)","authors":"Michael J Campbell, Gabriela F Mastromonaco, Gary Burness","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.30.604977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.30.604977","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is contributing to geographic range shifts in many bird species, with possible exposure to novel diets. How individuals respond physiologically across chronic time frames to the interacting effects of diet and environmental temperature has been little explored. We acclimated zebra finches to either cool (20-24°C) or thermoneutral (35°C) temperatures over 6-months and provided them with diets enriched in either unsaturated or saturated fatty acids. We measured body mass throughout the study, and basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body composition at 3- and 6-months, respectively. Individuals held in cool conditions and fed a diet enriched with unsaturated fatty acids lost mass initially relative to the other groups, however, effects were reversible, and all individuals had a similar mass at 6-months. Chronic exposure to cool conditions increased BMR and the mass of the pectoral muscle and visceral organs. However, we could detect no long-term effect of diet on any physiological parameter. Our results contrast with those of birds studied over acute time frames, in which diet and temperature interact to determine energy expenditure. Over chronic time frames individuals appear to reach a new steady-state, with long-term physiological responses driven primarily by thermoregulatory responses to environmental temperature.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pigment-dispersing factor neuropeptides act as multifunctional hormones and modulators in tardigrades","authors":"Soumi Dutta, Lars Hering, Milena M. Grollmann, Niklas Metzendorf, Vladimir Gross, Kazuharu Arakawa, Susanne Neupert, Monika Stengl, Friedrich W. Herberg, Georg Mayer","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.30.605422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.30.605422","url":null,"abstract":"Pigment-dispersing factors (PDFs) are neuropeptides that play key roles in controlling the circadian rhythms in various insects, whereas their function remains elusive in other protostomes including tardigrades (water bears). Here we show that the three PDFs of the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris are co-localized in two pairs of inner lobe cells in the brain, whereas only one PDF occurs in four additional cerebral and two extracerebral cells. The axons of the inner lobe cells pass through the contralateral brain hemisphere, descend to the ventral nerve cord and terminate in two pairs of potential release sites in the posteriormost trunk ganglion. Using in vitro assays, we demonstrate that all three PDFs and their deorphanized receptor (PDFR) are functional. Widespread localization of PDFR suggests that tardigrade PDFs may act as multifunctional hormones and neuromodulators that control major functions including light detection, neural processing, locomotion, feeding, digestion, osmoregulation, growth, embryonic development, and oogenesis/reproduction.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First record of Venturia canescens GRAVENHORST, 1829 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) from Tunisia","authors":"Asma Zeiri","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.25.605196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.25.605196","url":null,"abstract":"Venturia canescens Gravenhorst 1829 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae), a solitary koinobiont endoparasitoid, lives on larvae of various Lepidopteran hosts belonging to the families of Pyralidae, Noctuidae, Tortricidae, Gelechiidae, Tineidae and Yponomeutidae of Lepidoptera (typically Pyralidae). It was frequently reported on the carob moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The E. ceratoniae is an insect pest that causes damage to various crops and fruit trees throughout the world. It was recorded on dates (Phoenix dactylifera), pomegranates (Punica granatum), almonds (Prunus dulcis) and pistachio nut (Pistacia vera), affecting the fruit quality. In Tunisia, this pest was recorded on pomegranate by many authors. The parasitoid V. canescens, is accidently recorded from Tunisia within the collection of parasitoids of the almond bark beetle Scolytus amygdali (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the orchard of the Professional Training Center of Agriculture, Jammel, Monastir, Tunisia rich of fruit trees. The identification of V. canescens was carried out using key for females of the genus Venturia to Western Palaearctic species and the specimen is reported as a first record in Tunisia. No male was collected, the host is unknown. This species is widely distributed in the Palaearctic region. As far as we know this is a first record for the country.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of co-occurrence and hybridization as neglected factors in studies of Syrian woodpecker Dendrocopos syriacus and great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos major","authors":"Antonii Bakai, Gerard Gorman, Lukasz Kajtoch","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.25.604904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.25.604904","url":null,"abstract":"Some species of woodpecker (Picidae), such as in the genus Dendrocopos, are known\u0000to occasionally hybridize. The distribution, biology and ecology of the Syrian\u0000woodpecker (D. syriacus) and the great spotted woodpecker (D. major) are fairly wellknown (less so in the case of Syrian), but these closely related species are seldom\u0000treated together in studies. This review summarizes the published data on these\u0000species in order to evaluate the omissions and inaccuracies in research and surveys\u0000on their sympatric populations. As research that deals with both species together is\u0000scant, the need to examine interactions, both antagonistic and hybridization, is\u0000advisable in order to properly understanding their ecology, ethology, breeding biology\u0000and demography.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Systematic of the genus Notodiaptomus Kiefer 1936 (Copepoda: Calanoida)","authors":"Luis Jose Oliveira Geraldes Primeiro, Mauro Jose Cavalcanti, Edinaldo Nelson Santos Silva","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.23.604319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.23.604319","url":null,"abstract":"The present effort is a systematic review of the most diverse diaptomid copepods from the South America, the Notodiaptomus Kiefer 1936. We proposed to review and identify new morphological characteristics for 37 currently accepted species, assess nomenclatural status, and to examine their relatedness relations. The identification of 2700 morphological hypotheses for males and females are encoded in DEscription Language for TAxonomy (DELTA), used for a historical evaluation of the genus, and arrive at the first parsimony-based phylogeny for Notodiaptomus. We present synonymy of all species, status of type material, updated record of occurrences, taxonomic remarks, and dichotomous and interactive key for males and females. The rescue of the common and exclusive ancestor based on 80 synapomorphic characters recovers the monophyly of the organisms of the considered species, supports the discussion of the exclusive conditions and the historically indicated taxonomic relationships. Through this we wish to help establish an additional step on the consistency of the taxonomy of these species, contributing to answer important questions about the origin of some of the characteristics presented.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}