{"title":"Technosignatures longevity and Lindy's law","authors":"A. Balbi, C. Grimaldi","doi":"arxiv-2405.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.00020","url":null,"abstract":"The probability of detecting technosignatures (i.e. evidence of technological\u0000activity beyond Earth) increases with their longevity, or the time interval\u0000over which they manifest. Therefore, the assumed distribution of longevities\u0000has some bearing on the chances of success of technosignature searches, as well\u0000as on the inferred age of technosignatures following a first contact. Here, we\u0000investigate the possibility that the longevity of technosignatures conforms to\u0000the so-called Lindy's law, whereby, at any time, their remaining life\u0000expectancy is roughly proportional to their age. We show that, if Lindy's law\u0000applies, the general tenet that the first detected technosignature ought to be\u0000very long lived may be overruled. We conclude by discussing the number of\u0000emitters that had to appear, over the history of the Galaxy, in order for one\u0000of them to be detectable today from Earth.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cycling on rough roads: A model for resistance and vibration","authors":"Miles M. Turner","doi":"arxiv-2405.00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.00019","url":null,"abstract":"Minimising opposing forces is a matter of interest to most cyclists. These\u0000forces arise from passage through air (\"drag\") and interaction with the road\u0000surface (\"resistance\"). Recent work recognises that resistance forces arise not\u0000only from the deformation of the tyre (\"rolling resistance\") but also from\u0000irregularities in the road surface (\"roughness resistance\"), which lead to\u0000power dissipation in the body of the rider through vibration. The latter effect\u0000may also have an adverse impact on human health. In this work we offer a\u0000quantitative theory of roughness resistance and vibration that links these\u0000effects to a surface characterisation in terms of the International Roughness\u0000Index (IRI). We show that the roughness resistance and the Vibration Dose Value\u0000(or VDV, the usual vibration dosage metric) can be expressed in terms of\u0000elementary formulae. The roughness resistance depends only on the vertical\u0000stiffness of the bicycle and the roughness index. Surprisingly, other\u0000apparently relevant parameters, such as physiological characteristics of the\u0000bicycle rider and other features of the bicycle, do not enter. For roads of\u0000moderate roughness, roughness resistance is larger than rolling resistance. For\u0000very rough roads, roughness resistance is larger than aerodynamic drag. So only\u0000on roads of high quality (in most jurisdictions, accounting for less than 10~%\u0000of the total) can roughness resistance be ignored. Roughness resistance can be\u0000mitigated by reducing the vertical stiffness of the bicycle. In common with\u0000other recent reports, we find that almost any cycling activity will breach\u0000public health guidelines relating to Vibration Dose Value.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The possibility of panspermia in the deep cosmos by means of the planetary dust grains","authors":"Z. N. Osmanov","doi":"arxiv-2402.04990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2402.04990","url":null,"abstract":"By obtaining the assumption that planetary dust particles can escape from the\u0000gravitational attraction of a planet, we consider the possibility for the dust\u0000grains to leave the star's system by means of the radiation pressure. By taking\u0000the typical dust parameters into account, we consider their dynamics and show\u0000that they can reach the deep cosmos, taking part in panspermia. It has been\u0000shown that, during $5$ billion years, the dust grains will reach $10^5$ stellar\u0000systems, and by taking the Drake equation into account, it has been shown that\u0000the whole galaxy will be full of planetary dust particles.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139755098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Theory of Quantum and Towards Practical Computation","authors":"Robert Kudelić","doi":"arxiv-2403.09682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2403.09682","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum computing exposes the brilliance of quantum mechanics through\u0000computer science and, as such, gives oneself a marvelous and exhilarating\u0000journey to go through. This article leads along that journey with a historical\u0000and current outlook on quantum computation that is geared toward computer\u0000experts but also to experts from other disciplines as well. It is an article\u0000that will bridge the vast gap between classical and quantum computation and\u0000open an entering wedge through which one will be able to both bring himself up\u0000to speed on quantum computation and, intrinsically, in a straightforward\u0000manner, become acquainted with it. We are indeed in luck to be living in an age\u0000where computing is being reinvented, and not only seeing history in the making\u0000firsthand but, in fact, having the opportunity to be the ones who are\u0000reinventing--and that is quite a thought.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140165489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sunanda Prabhu Gaunkar, Ellen Askey, Meira Chasman, Koksuke Takaira, Calahan Smith, Amanda Murphy, Nancy Kawalek
{"title":"Exploring the effectiveness of documentary film for science communication","authors":"Sunanda Prabhu Gaunkar, Ellen Askey, Meira Chasman, Koksuke Takaira, Calahan Smith, Amanda Murphy, Nancy Kawalek","doi":"arxiv-2402.03598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2402.03598","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity of science and its frequent lack of accessibility often\u0000creates disinterest among the general public. Furthermore, there exists a gap\u0000between the public perception of science and the reality of scientific\u0000research, which severely limits the scope of public engagement with science. A\u0000new docuseries, Curiosity-The Making of a Scientist, created at the STAGE Lab\u0000at the University of Chicago, addresses this issue by increasing the awareness\u0000and excitement around science and scientists. Each film of Curiosity focuses on\u0000a single scientist and tells the story of how they became a scientist by\u0000interweaving elements of their personal life together with the successes and\u0000failures they encounter in their scientific work. Our intended audience\u0000includes scientists and non-scientists with little or no previous exposure to\u0000quantum physics or science. The pilot of the series, SUPERPOSITION, is a\u000025-minute film about a graduate student in quantum physics at the University of\u0000Chicago. To evaluate the success of this film, it was screened to several\u0000audiences covering most age groups, and audience members were requested to fill\u0000out a detailed anonymous survey after the viewing. Via these surveys, viewers\u0000reported an increased interest in science and a connection to the personal\u0000story of the graduate student that was purposefully woven throughout the film.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139755173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Homemade kit for demonstrating Barkhausen Effect","authors":"Shantanu Shakya, Navinder Singh","doi":"arxiv-2401.15580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2401.15580","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an innovative and cost-effective approach to\u0000understanding the Barkhausen effect through the design and implementation of an\u0000educational kit. The Barkhausen effect, characterized by Barkhausen noise (BN)\u0000during magnetization changes in soft magnetic materials, is explored for its\u0000application in probing hysteresis properties and magnetization dynamics. The\u0000study investigates scaling properties, categorizing ferromagnetic materials\u0000based on scaling exponents. The primary contribution is the introduction of a\u0000practical and accessible kit for hands-on Barkhausen Effect demonstrations,\u0000revolutionizing the educational experience. This kit enables students to not\u0000only comprehend the intricacies of BN but also calculate the scaling constant\u0000($tau$) for Soft Iron samples. The paper demonstrates the successful\u0000construction of the kit, its signal amplification capabilities, and data\u0000collection accuracy, showcasing its potential for widespread educational use.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139581788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stars: Evolution, Stability and Statistical Mechanics","authors":"Anuj Chaudhri","doi":"arxiv-2403.12971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2403.12971","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the physics of stars, the type, structure, evolution and\u0000stability. Simple thermodynamics and statistical mechanics are used to show the\u0000inner working of white dwarf and neutron stars. The major concentration of the\u0000paper will be on white dwarf stars although in some places references will also\u0000be made to neutron stars where the relations can be extended easily. It can be\u0000shown that a maximum mass limit is attached to each type of star which can be\u0000derived rigorously. Maximum entropy can be used to show that the gravitational\u0000contraction is balanced by the degeneracy pressure created by the electrons in\u0000the case of white dwarfs, and neutrons and protons which constitute the matter\u0000of the neutron star. Finally the kinetic equations which describe the\u0000luminosity of the star and the radiative transfer are introduced.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"379 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140204467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Collision of two spinning billiard balls and the role of table","authors":"Hyeong-Chan Kim","doi":"arxiv-2402.13258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2402.13258","url":null,"abstract":"We study the collision dynamics of a spinning cue ball approaching a static\u0000object ball with equal mass on a plane, common in billiards. While typical\u0000collisions in billiards are nearly perfectly elastic, with a restitution\u0000coefficient close to 1 and low friction, we explore three deviations from ideal\u0000elastic collisions: The non-elastic nature, the friction effects between the\u0000balls during collision, the friction between the ball and the table. We\u0000describe the detailed collision outcomes, emphasizing the importance of\u0000considering frictions. We reveal that friction, both between the balls and with\u0000the table, significantly influences the post-collision motions, deviating from\u0000the expectations of a purely elastic collision. The insights gained contribute\u0000to a better understanding of ball dynamics, impacting strategies and gameplay\u0000in billiards.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139927280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolution of World Running Record Performances for Men and Women: Physiological Characteristics","authors":"Thorsten Emig, Guillaume Adam","doi":"arxiv-2401.09171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2401.09171","url":null,"abstract":"Running world records (WRs) contain information about physiological\u0000characteristics that determine running performance. The progression of WRs over\u0000time encode the evolution of these characteristics. Here we demonstrate that a\u0000previously established model for running performance describes WRs since 1918\u0000for men and since 1984 for women with high accuracy. The physiological\u0000parameters extracted from WR for each year are interpreted in terms of\u0000historical changes in training approaches and corresponding physiological\u0000adaptions, technological progress, social effects, and also the use of\u0000performance enhancing drugs. While the last two decades had witnessed\u0000stagnation of WRs, recent improvements in endurance have enable new WRs,\u0000presumably aided by recent technological advancements.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chris HarrisonNewcastle University, Anita ZanellaINAF, Aishwarya GirdharNewcastle University
{"title":"Evaluation and insights from a sonification-based planetarium show intended for improving inclusivity","authors":"Chris HarrisonNewcastle University, Anita ZanellaINAF, Aishwarya GirdharNewcastle University","doi":"arxiv-2401.04188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2401.04188","url":null,"abstract":"Audio Universe: Tour of the Solar System is an audio-visual show for\u0000planetariums and flatscreen viewing. It is designed in collaboration with\u0000members of the blind and vision impaired (BVI) community, BVI specialist\u0000teachers and their pupils. It aims to be suitable for audiences with all sight\u0000levels by representing key concepts through sound and using a carefully\u0000constructed narration. We present results from 291 audience evaluations from\u0000online viewers and audience members of several planetarium showings in the UK\u0000and Italy. We find a strong appreciation from BVI and non-BVI audiences, with\u0000~90% scoring 4 or 5 (out of 5) for both how useful and enjoyable the sounds\u0000are. We also present results from surveying planetariums and communication\u0000leaders known to have downloaded the show. We find international success for\u0000special events, for BVI audiences and for those with other special educational\u0000needs and disabilities (SEND; including sensory needs and learning\u0000difficulties). Feedback suggests this is due to its multi-sensory, clearly\u0000narrated, and low sensory load (calm) production. However, we also describe\u0000limitations identified during this evaluation exercise, including the show's\u0000limited incorporation into regular (non-special) planetarium programmes. This\u0000highlights an ongoing challenge of creating a fully inclusive planetarium\u0000experience.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139412558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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