bioRxiv - Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Spillover of managed bumble bees from Mediterranean orchards during mass flowering causes minor short-term ecological impacts","authors":"Nitsan Nachtom Catalan, Tamar Keasar, Chen Keasar, Moshe Nagari","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.07.611777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.07.611777","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial bumble bee colonies are routinely used for crop pollination in greenhouses, and are increasingly introduced into orchards as well. Bumble bee spillover to natural habitats neighboring the orchards may interfere with local wild bees and impact the pollination of non-crop plants. Concurrently, foraging in natural habitats may diversify the bumble bees\t′ diets and improve colony development. To evaluate these potential effects, we placed commercial Bombus terrestris colonies in blooming Rosaceae orchards, 25-125 m away from the margins. We recorded the colonies\t′ mass gain, population sizes, composition of stored pollen, and temperature regulation. We monitored bee activity, and seed sets of the non-crop plant Eruca sativa, along transects in a semi-natural shrubland up to 100 m away from the orchards, with managed bumble bees either present or absent. Rosaceae pollen comprised ~1/3 of the colonies\t′ pollen stores at all distances from the orchard margins. Colonies placed closest to the margins showed prolonged development, produced fewer reproductive individuals, and had poorer thermoregulation than colonies closer to the orchards\t′ center. Possibly, abiotic stressors inhibited the bumble bees\t′ development near orchard borders. Wild bees were as active during the colonies\t′ deployment as after their removal. E. sativa\t′s seed sets decreased after bumble bee removal, but similar declines also occurred near a control orchard without managed bumble bees. Altogether, we found no short-term spillover effects of managed bumble bees on nearby plant-bee communities during the orchards\t′ two-week flowering. The colonies\t′ prompt removal after blooming can reduce longer-term ecological risks associated with managed bumble bees.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How can interspecific pollen transfer affect the coevolution and coexistence of two closely related plant species?","authors":"Keiichi Morita, Akira Sasaki, Ryosuke Iritani","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.05.611318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.05.611318","url":null,"abstract":"Interspecific pollen transfer (IPT), the movement of pollen grains between different plant species by sharing pollinators, incurs costs (fitness reduction) for seed production. IPT thereby reduces the reproductive success of co-flowering plants sharing pollinators, thus preventing their coexistence. However, the impact of IPT on the evolutionary dynamics and evolution-mediated ecological dynamics of sex allocation resource investment to pollen versus ovules) is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the consequences of the female costs incurred by IPT for the co-evolution and coexistence of two plants, by using a mathematical model where two plant species interact with each other via resource competition, pollen movements within and between species, and reduced fertilization due to IPT. The ecological situation we consider here is that an invasive species with female-biased sex allocation immigrates into a habitat of a resident species whose sex allocation is evolutionarily maintained at Fisherian sex allocation (FSA). By using adaptive dynamics theory, we found that regardless of the strength of IPT, natural selection favours the equal allocation to pollen grains and ovules (FSA) for both species. If the mutual impact of IPT on two species is similar in magnitude, we find that the eco-evolutionary dynamics can lead to their stable coexistence. In contrast, when only the invasive species negatively impacts the resident species through IPT, the evolution in invasive species from female-biased sex allocation to FSA causes the extinction of the resident species. Given that local mate competition in small populations is expected to result in female-based sex allocation, our finding suggests that if invasive species are relaxed from local mate competition, they may drive the resident species to extinction. Our study highlights the importance and complexity of the evolution of biased sex allocation driven by IPT to understand the coexistence of closely related plant species.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probability of outbreaks of forest insects in Europe: a generic model calibrated on six forest insect profiles","authors":"Dorian COLLOT, Christelle ROBINET","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.04.611203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.04.611203","url":null,"abstract":"Insect pests are one of the major threats to forests. Although invasive species cause more and more impacts, native species could also generate temporary very high damages. The population dynamics of insects relies on several factors, going from weather to stand conditions. Due to global change, insects could face conditions they have never encountered before, leading to unusual population outbreaks. Forest managers need to consider these possible emerging pests but predicting insect outbreaks is still very challenging. In this context, we have developed a mathematical model at the crossroad of statistical and mechanistic models to describe the likelihood of outbreaks for a set of 6 insect profiles: bark beetles, longhorn beetles, tortrix moth, other moths, aphids, and Hymenoptera. This model describes the probability of occurrence of an outbreak at a given time and at a given area, based on several conditions. It has been built and parametrized on the most documented orders of European forest pests. Parametrization for these species' profiles can be used as a baseline to explore the risk of outbreaks for closely related pest species. We provide an illustration of the model application for the oak processionary moth, Thaumetopoea processionea, which reach epidemic levels in north-western Europe. This generic outbreak model is particularly performant to point out some years or areas as unlikely for an outbreak, and thus targets correctly factors that inhibit outbreaks. It is still at an exploratory level and should be further improved for an operational use in forest stand surveillance and management.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhopilema nomadica in the Mediterranean: molecular evidence for migration and ecological hypothesis regarding its proliferation","authors":"Zafrir Kuplik, Hila Dror, Dror Angel, Karin Tamar, Blandina R Lugendo, James Leonard Lusana, Alan Sutton","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.06.610623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.06.610623","url":null,"abstract":"Since it was first observed in Israel in the 1970s, the nomad jellyfish Rhopilema nomadica has established a reputation as one of the worst invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea. It was assumed to originate in the Red Sea, or in the Indo-Pacific region, but in the absence of additional reports of live specimens outside the Mediterranean, its origins remained a mystery. Here, via molecular analysis, we present the first verified results of the existence of R. nomadica in the Western Indian Ocean. Moreover, using additional evidence from Cassiopea andromeda and R. nomadica, we propose that the construction of the Aswan High Dam may have led to the proliferation of R. nomadica in the Levantine Basin.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is water vole diet consistent with the plant hypothesis for explaining population fluctuations?","authors":"Helene Lisse, Marion Buronfosse, Cedric Jacquet, Gaelle Sobczyk-Moran, Etienne Ramadier, Ambre Fafournoux, Virginie Lattard, Adrien Pinot","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.04.611276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.04.611276","url":null,"abstract":"Rodent population cycles are observed in highly seasonal environments. As most rodents are herbivorous, the availability and the quality of their food resources varies greatly across seasons. Furthermore, it is well documented that herbivore densities have a measurable effect on vegetation and conversely. So, many studies investigated whether rodent population cycles could be induced by bottom-up regulation. A recent review summarized several sub-hypotheses leading to rodent population cycles: cycles may be due to inherent inter-annual variations of plant quantity, to overshoot of carrying capacity by overgrazing (i.e. lack of quantity), to changes in quality of food (decrease of quality of preferred food or switch towards less quality food) in response to rodent grazing (e.g. plant defences). If some sub-hypothesis seems to be more important than others, there is currently a prerequisite to construct scientific consensus: dietary description is still overlooked in many systems and should be more investigated.\u0000This study focuses on fossorial water vole. It shows contrasted population dynamics depending on its geographical locations. It is known to be able to exhibit large outbreaks in grasslands in highly seasonal climate. It is thus a good model species to investigate plant hypotheses, first beginning by diet description. The diet of water vole was investigated in and out of the outbreak area with a combination of approaches in the field, in different sampling sites and considering seasonality. We demonstrated that voles have a very large fundamental trophic niche, but strong behavioural selection, inducing a narrower realised niche, especially during winter. We created an experimental device based on camera trap and cafeteria tests. We observed a strong preference for dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in wild water voles, that results in exclusive selection during winter for food stores. These preferences were constant across seasons, altitudes and grassland productivity gradients, despite the scarcity of this species in some experimental sites. First, we conclude on the importance of using different methods to fully describe the diet of rodents Second, we assess that dandelion is a winter key resource for water vole. It thus might be interesting to investigate the role of dandelion in vole population dynamics.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing dynamics of Aedes aegypti invasion and vector-borne disease risk for rural communities in the Peruvian Amazon","authors":"Kara M Fikrig, Arnold O. Noriega, Rosa A. Rodriguez, John Bardales, Jose Rivas, Becker Reyna, Guido Izquierdo, Amy C. Morrison, Laura C. Harrington","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.04.611168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.04.611168","url":null,"abstract":"Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue virus, is predominantly considered an urban mosquito, especially in the Americas, where its reemergence began in cities after the end of continent-wide eradication campaigns. The results of our study diverge from this narrative, demonstrating the recent and widespread rural invasion of Ae. aegypti along major shipping routes in the northern Peruvian Amazon between the major cities of Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas. We identified Ae. aegypti populations in 29 of 30 sites surveyed across a rural to urban gradient and characterized mosquito larval habitats and Ae. aegypti adult metrics. Households, regardless of community size, were more likely to be positive for Ae. aegypti adult(s) and had a higher number of Ae. aegypti adults if a mosquito larval habitat was identified on the property, compared to houses without a larval habitat. In multiple instances, adult Ae. aegypti indices in rural villages were equal to or greater than indices in dengue-endemic cities, suggesting the entomological risk level in some rural areas is sufficient to sustain dengue transmission. Fourteen rural sites were sampled in transects from the community river port into town. In seven of these sites, houses closer to the port were significantly more likely to be infested with Ae. aegypti adults than houses further from the ports, and four additional sites had a marginal relationship to the same effect. This pattern suggests that many rural sites are invaded via adult Ae. aegypti disembarking from boats at the port, finding nearby oviposition sites, and advancing stepwise into town. The existence of the pattern also suggests that many of the sites are still experiencing active invasion, with sections of towns still Ae. aegypti-free. Only one site shows a strong signal of invasion via the egg or larval stage, with a focus of Ae. aegypti far removed from the port. The widespread infestation of Ae. aegypti in rural areas is a major public health threat given the far distance of communities to hospital care. It is important to implement control measures now before the mosquito gains a stronger foothold in zones of active invasion.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-Pollinator Interactions along the Altitudinal Gradient in Berberis lycium Royle: An Endangered Medicinal Plant Species of the Himalayan Region","authors":"Nahila Anjum, Sajid Khan, Susheel Verm, Kailash S. Gaira, Balwant Rawat, Mohd Hanief, Nakul Chettri","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.04.611343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.04.611343","url":null,"abstract":"Mountain ecosystems influence species distribution by offering climatic variables intertwined with rising altitude. These climatic factors determine species phenology and niche width. Although the distributional patterns of some prominent insect groups in relation to altitude have been determined, the environmental preferences along the altitudinal range that differentially influence the pollination of specific plant species are unknown. Here we assess how the composition and abundance of pollinator fauna of the important medicinal plant <em>Berberis lycium</em> Royle (Berberidaceae) differ across five distinct altitudinal gradients (800-2200 m) in the Pir-Panjal mountain range in the northwestern part of the Indian Himalayas. We monitored insect pollinators of major groups (bees, butterflies, wasps, flies) over two consecutive flowering seasons during 2022-2023. In total, 39 insect species belonging to five orders and 17 families were observed visiting the plant species during the flowering period across the altitudinal gradient. The results of the linear regression model depict that all four pollination indices show a negative correlation with increasing altitude in foraging activities when all the data are pooled together. However, only foraging speed (FS) and index of visiting rate (IVR) were statistically significant. In the case of individual orders, only Lepidoptera exhibited a notable relation to altitude. However, asynchrony in foraging activities among other pollinator groups has been reported along altitudinal gradients. The reproductive output (fruit and seed production) shows a significant negative correlation with increasing altitude. We concluded that while altitude influences species distribution, it also differentially shapes plant-pollinator interactions, pollinator activities, and reproductive output. This work is of great significance in order to monitor plant-pollinator interactions, which are essential component of biodiversity rich but fragile mountain ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review on the Role of Microbial Activities on Nutrient Cycling and Transformation Implication for Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity","authors":"Tesfaye Bayu Zeleke, Tesfaye Bayu Zeleke","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.02.610905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.02.610905","url":null,"abstract":"Soil microorganisms play a vital role in the regulation of the transformation and cycle of soil nutrients, thereby improving soil fertility and crop productivity. These microbes, associated with plants, contribute significantly to plant growth and development by improving nutrient cycling and crop productivity by improving soil fertility. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of microbial activity on nutrient cycle and transformation, which includes soil fertility and crop productivity improvement. The PRISMA flow methodology systematically included articles from various geographic regions. Through analyzing 120 articles, this review sought to address the question at hand. Among the articles analyzed, 31.4% indicate that soil microbial activity directly regulates nutrient cycling, while 68.6% suggest that microbial activity enhances soil fertility and crop productivity. The systematic review concludes that microbial activity has a significant effect on nutrient cycle and transformation, as well as on improving soil fertility and crop productivity. Farmers, policymakers, and experts are encouraged to manage soil microorganisms to regulate nutrient cycling, directly influencing soil fertility and crop productivity, thus promoting sustainable agricultural development.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-scale recovery in Costa Rica's Payment for Ecosystem Service Program","authors":"Giacomo Luigi Delgado, Johan van den Hoogen, Daisy H Dent, Tom Bradfer Lawrence, Leland Kendall Werden, Rebecca J Cole, Cristian Diaz Quesada, Jose Angel Jimenez Fajardo, Alberto Mendez Rodriguez, Eduardo Mesen Solorzano, Gilmar Navarrete Chacon, Mario Coto, Irene Suarez Perez, Lucas Vahlas, Yuting Liang, Thomas W Crowther","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.03.610944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.03.610944","url":null,"abstract":"Costa Rica implemented the world's first national-scale Payment for Ecosystem Service (PES) program in 1996 and now protects over 200,000 hectares. By distributing wealth towards local land-stewards, Costa Rica's program has helped to limit deforestation at a national scale, but the large-scale ecological implications have yet remained unclear. Here, we use a massive ecoacoustic dataset to evaluate how this program has impacted the ecological integrity of PES forests across the entire Nicoya Peninsula. At the times and frequencies that are indicative of native biological activity, we reveal dramatic increases in the integrity of PES soundscapes, relative to those of natural protected areas. Specifically, natural regeneration sites were 97.79% more acoustically similar to reference forests (absolute mean similarity of 0.539) than they were to disturbed pastures, while acoustic recovery of plantations lags behind (79.66%: 0.489). These findings are strongly suggestive of large-scale ecological recovery, constituting some of the most robust evidence to date that restoration initiatives can benefit biodiversity on large spatial scales.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Too hot to handle? The impact of the 2023 marine heatwave on Florida Keys coral","authors":"Karen L Neely, Robert J Nowicki, Michelle A Dobler, Arelys A Chaparro, Samantha M Miller, Kathryn A Toth","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.31.610635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.31.610635","url":null,"abstract":"The marine heatwave in the summer of 2023 was the most severe on record for Florida's Coral Reef, with unprecedented water temperatures and cumulative thermal stress precipitating near 100% coral bleaching levels. An existing SCTLD coral fate-tracking program assessed over 4200 coral colonies across five offshore and four inshore reef sites approximately every two months, allowing for analyses of bleaching-related mortality and diseases during and after the marine heatwave. Across the vast majority of assessed corals, including multiple sites and species, there was no partial or full mortality as a result of the 2023 bleaching event. The two sites that did experience substantial bleaching-related mortality were those experiencing the highest levels of cumulative thermal stress. However, the substantial acute mortality at one of them occurred at relatively low levels of cumulative stress, suggesting death was the result of exceeding thermal maxima. At the two sites with notable mortality, 43% and 24% of all monitored corals died, but mortality varied among species. Brain corals fared worse than boulder corals, with Pseudodiploria strigosa the most heavily impacted species. The health status of corals before the bleaching event had little impact on whether they experienced disease or bleaching-related mortality during the event. At three sites, we observed unusual lesions on Orbicella faveolata colonies shortly after color returned to the corals; the lesions were only observed for a few months but on some colonies led to substantial tissue loss. Though not part of the coral monitoring program, we also observed substantial losses and local extinctions of Acroporid corals at most sites, as well as probable local extinctions of octocorals at three of the four inshore reefs. Though most reef-building corals came through the 2023 event with no mortality, continually rising temperatures are likely to make these temperature regimes more common and widespread. We encourage future research on what the unusual O. faveolata lesions are, and why the brain and boulder corals fared differently at highly-impacted sites. Our results also provide perspective on how restoration strategies, particularly those focused on species likely to die under current and future climate regimes, should consider shifting focus to species likely to survive. Finally, these results highlight the importance of this type of monitoring, with a focus on fate-tracking individuals through disturbance events, including a large number of individuals of multiple species across a geographic range and multiple habitats.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}