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The Journal of Economic Inequality最新文献

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Exploring socioeconomic-related inequality in children’s cognitive achievement in Peru 探索秘鲁儿童认知成就中与社会经济有关的不平等现象
The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-023-09615-4
Emmanuel Ngoy, Carla Sá, Paula Veiga
{"title":"Exploring socioeconomic-related inequality in children’s cognitive achievement in Peru","authors":"Emmanuel Ngoy, Carla Sá, Paula Veiga","doi":"10.1007/s10888-023-09615-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-023-09615-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper applies the concentration index to estimate socioeconomic-related inequality in language skills among children aged 5 to 15, using longitudinal data from Peru. We find the existence of socioeconomic-related inequality in language skills, starting from an early age and showing little change until adolescence, albeit dropping. The cognitive achievement regression estimates highlight the significant role of family socioeconomic status (SES) on children’s language performance. Our decomposition analysis strengthens this result, indicating parental SES as the major contributor to socioeconomic-related inequality in language skills, even after accounting for the lagged test scores. We further decompose the source of changes in socioeconomic-related inequality in language skills between ages 5 and 15, and show changes in household wealth inequality and the associated elasticity both contribute to changes in socioeconomic-related inequalities in language performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":501277,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economic Inequality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139586439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recovering income distribution in the presence of interval-censored data 在存在区间删失数据的情况下恢复收入分布
The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-023-09617-2
Fernando Rios-Avila, Gustavo Canavire-Bacarreza, Flavia Sacco-Capurro
{"title":"Recovering income distribution in the presence of interval-censored data","authors":"Fernando Rios-Avila, Gustavo Canavire-Bacarreza, Flavia Sacco-Capurro","doi":"10.1007/s10888-023-09617-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-023-09617-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We propose a method to analyze interval-censored data using a multiple imputation based on a Heteroskedastic Interval regression approach. The proposed model aims to obtain a synthetic dataset that can be used for standard analysis, including standard linear regression, quantile regression, or poverty and inequality estimation. We present two applications to show the performance of our method. First, we run a Monte Carlo simulation to show the method's performance under the assumption of multiplicative heteroskedasticity, with and without conditional normality. Second, we use the proposed methodology to analyze labor income data in Grenada for 2013-2020, where the salary data are interval-censored according to the salary intervals prespecified in the survey questionnaire. The results obtained are consistent across both exercises.</p>","PeriodicalId":501277,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economic Inequality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139586479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inequality and income mobility: the case of targeted and universal interventions in India 不平等与收入流动性：印度有针对性和普遍性干预措施的案例
The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-023-09614-5
Anindya S. Chakrabarti, Abinash Mishra, Mohsen Mohaghegh
{"title":"Inequality and income mobility: the case of targeted and universal interventions in India","authors":"Anindya S. Chakrabarti, Abinash Mishra, Mohsen Mohaghegh","doi":"10.1007/s10888-023-09614-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-023-09614-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Income interventions with pro-poor targeting is a common fiscal policy around the world. However their distributional effects on consumption and savings are not well understood. Motivated by the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), we use longitudinal data on income and consumption of Indian households to estimate distributional effects of such interventions in a model with endogenous consumption and savings distribution, where households face uninsured income risks. In the model, a standard scheme of interventions that consistently targets low-income cohorts, has small distributional impacts on targeted and non-targeted cohorts alike. In contrast, a fiscally-equivalent scheme that changes the expected income profile of the targeted households in the same initial cohort irrespective of their future incomes, generates larger effects by changing income mobility for both the targeted and non-targeted cohorts. This mobility-based channel generates consumption responses even though the magnitude of the shock is lesser for the initially targeted cohort, as it more than offsets the effect from permanent income shock. Quantitatively, such an intervention in the order of 0.6 percent of output, approximating the Indian scenario, increases consumption share of the targeted cohort by nearly 2.5 percent, five times as large as the effect of standard interventions. The distributional effects are similar to those arising from a counterfactual policy of universal basic income.</p>","PeriodicalId":501277,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economic Inequality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139586566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Washing machine ownership and girls' school attendance: a cross-sectional analysis of adolescents in 19 middle-income countries 洗衣机拥有率与女童入学率：对 19 个中等收入国家青少年的横截面分析
The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-023-09612-7
Omar Karlsson, Jan-Walter De Neve
{"title":"Washing machine ownership and girls' school attendance: a cross-sectional analysis of adolescents in 19 middle-income countries","authors":"Omar Karlsson, Jan-Walter De Neve","doi":"10.1007/s10888-023-09612-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-023-09612-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Excessive work among adolescents may compromise educational development. Without home appliances, household work can take over 50 h a week and an additional 30 h when an infant is present. School-aged girls are often tasked with doing laundry, which is time-consuming and inflexible without a washing machine. We determined the association between washing machine ownership and school attendance among adolescents ages 10–19 years in 19 middle-income countries between 2000 and 2021 (<i>N</i> = 1,622,514). We controlled for socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, all neighborhood-level factors, and examined differences by sex, age, household wealth, and period. No relationship between washing machine ownership and school attendance was found in most countries: However, there was a substantial association for girls in Türkiye and a small to moderate association for girls in Egypt and Albania. In Türkiye, for example, girls living in households with a washing machine had 28% (95% CI 19, 37) greater school attendance compared to girls living in households which did not. No association was observed for boys. The results suggest that household ownership of a washing machine does generally not improve school attendance among girls, except possibly in specific contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":501277,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economic Inequality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139586568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A false divide? Providing information about inequality aligns preferences for redistribution between right- and left-wing voters 虚假的鸿沟？提供有关不平等的信息会使右翼和左翼选民的再分配偏好趋于一致
The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-023-09609-2
Christopher Hoy, Russell Toth, Nurina Merdikawati
{"title":"A false divide? Providing information about inequality aligns preferences for redistribution between right- and left-wing voters","authors":"Christopher Hoy, Russell Toth, Nurina Merdikawati","doi":"10.1007/s10888-023-09609-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-023-09609-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Are differences in preferences for redistribution between right- and left-wing voters amplified because of misperceptions of inequality? To address this question, we conduct three nationally representative, randomized survey experiments with 7020 Australians, in which respondents are informed about either the level of national inequality and economic mobility, their position in the national income distribution, or given no information. We show that correcting misperceptions of inequality reduces the gap in support for redistribution between right-wing and left-wing voters by between 21 to 37 percent. This is predominantly due to right-wing voters, who held more inaccurate priors, increasing their support for redistribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":501277,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economic Inequality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139585627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spatial earnings inequality 空间收入不平等
The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-023-09616-3
Christian Schluter, Mark Trede
{"title":"Spatial earnings inequality","authors":"Christian Schluter, Mark Trede","doi":"10.1007/s10888-023-09616-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-023-09616-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Earnings inequality in Germany has increased dramatically. Measuring inequality locally at the level of cities annually since 1985, we find that behind this development is the rapidly worsening inequality in the largest cities, driven by increasing earnings polarisation. In the cross-section, local earnings inequality rises substantially in city size, and this city-size inequality penalty has increased steadily since 1985, reaching an elasticity of .2 in 2010. Inequality decompositions reveal that overall earnings inequality is almost fully explained by the within-locations component, which in turn is driven by the largest cities. The worsening inequality in the largest cities is amplified by their greater population weight. Examining the local earnings distributions directly reveals that this is due to increasing earnings polarisation that is strongest in the largest places. Both upper and lower distributional tails become heavier over time, and are the heaviest in the largest cities. We establish these results using a large and spatially representative administrative data set, and address the top-coding problem in these data using a parametric distribution approach that outperforms standard imputations.</p>","PeriodicalId":501277,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economic Inequality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139585626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Differential Exposure to Climate Change? Evidence from the 2021 Floods in Germany 受气候变化影响的程度不同？来自 2021 年德国洪灾的证据
The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-023-09605-6
Moritz Odersky, Max Löffler
{"title":"Differential Exposure to Climate Change? Evidence from the 2021 Floods in Germany","authors":"Moritz Odersky, Max Löffler","doi":"10.1007/s10888-023-09605-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-023-09605-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We analyze the exposure of different income groups to the 2021 floods in Germany, which serve as an exemplary case of natural disasters intensified by anthropogenic climate change. To this end, we link official geo-coded satellite data on flood-affected buildings to neighborhood-level information on socio-economic status. We then document the empirical relationship between flood damages and household income. We limit comparisons to the vicinity of affected rivers and absorb a rich set of regional fixed effects to assess the differential exposure at the local level. Average household income is around 1,500 euros or three percent lower in flood-affected neighborhoods than in non-affected neighborhoods nearby. Average flood exposure is more than three times as high in the bottom sixty than in the upper forty percent of neighborhoods in terms of average household income. Our study is the first to document this regressive exposure along the income distribution based on actual flood damage data in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":501277,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economic Inequality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139422727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do economic globalization and the level of education impede poverty levels? A non-linear ARDL approach 经济全球化和教育水平是否会阻碍贫困水平的提高？非线性 ARDL 方法
The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-023-09608-3
Shreya Pal
{"title":"Do economic globalization and the level of education impede poverty levels? A non-linear ARDL approach","authors":"Shreya Pal","doi":"10.1007/s10888-023-09608-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-023-09608-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501277,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economic Inequality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inequality of opportunity in access to and consumption of modern energy in Togo: A parametric approach 多哥在获取和消费现代能源方面的机会不平等：参数法
The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-023-09606-5
Tchablemane Yenlide, Mawussé Komlagan Nézan Okey
{"title":"Inequality of opportunity in access to and consumption of modern energy in Togo: A parametric approach","authors":"Tchablemane Yenlide, Mawussé Komlagan Nézan Okey","doi":"10.1007/s10888-023-09606-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-023-09606-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The transformation towards cleaner energy consumption in Togo is progressing at a slow pace due to a combination of unfavourable socioeconomic, demographic, and spatial factors that favour traditional fuel use over clean and efficient energy. This study tries to quantify the inequality in modern energy access by applying the inequality of opportunity framework. We use a parametric approach to the 2015 Togolese Living Standard Survey; our results show that, on average, 40.76% of inequalities in household modern energy access and consumption in Togo are due to unequal circumstances beyond their control. A Shapley-value decomposition shows that inequalities of opportunity are greater for older persons and women than for youths and men, respectively. Moreover, these inequalities are more pronounced in rural areas and poor regions, especially the Savanna and Kara regions. Consequently, policies aimed at reducing inequality of opportunity in modern energy access and consumption in Togo should emphasise demographic factors, such as gender, age composition, and geographic location of households.</p>","PeriodicalId":501277,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economic Inequality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Life may be unfair, but do democracies make it any less burdensome? 生活可能是不公平的，但民主政体会减轻生活的负担吗？
The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-023-09607-4
Ọláyínká Oyèkọ́lá
{"title":"Life may be unfair, but do democracies make it any less burdensome?","authors":"Ọláyínká Oyèkọ́lá","doi":"10.1007/s10888-023-09607-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-023-09607-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using a large panel of countries, this paper studies whether, or not, democracies can disproportionately produce better economic outcomes for the poor than non-democracies. To deal with the endogeneity of democracy and inequality, a regional democratisation wave is used to isolate the exogenous variation in country-level democracy. Our main finding is that the exogenous component of democracy significantly and robustly decreased inequality in the long run, after controlling for key inequality determinants. We identify that the two potential mechanisms through which democracy affects inequality are structural transformation and middle-class bias channels. However, we find that this negative democracy-inequality link is reversed in the short run.</p>","PeriodicalId":501277,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economic Inequality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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