The Journal of Economic Inequality最新文献_第2页

How did COVID affect savings and wealth? An empirical study in South Africa COVID 如何影响储蓄和财富？南非的实证研究

The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-023-09613-6

Amy Jansen, Robert Lensink

引用次数: 0

The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-023-09619-0

Pier-André Bouchard St-Amant, Nicolas Marceau, Jean-Denis Garon

{"title":"Uncovering Gatsby Curves","authors":"Pier-André Bouchard St-Amant, Nicolas Marceau, Jean-Denis Garon","doi":"10.1007/s10888-023-09619-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-023-09619-0","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical findings suggest a positive correlation between inequality and social immobility, a phenomenon coined the Gatsby curve. This paper answers a simple question: When do Gatsby curves exist? We build a theoretical n-income environment in which parental investment and education improve the economic prospects of children. Gatsbian economies and Gatsby curves are formally defined, and we characterize the conditions under which they arise. A Gatsby curve arises when immobility (Trace of the transition matrix) and inequality (Gini coefficient) both change in the same direction following a change in an exogenous variable (an income level, the level of education).When an exogenous variable changes, the impact on inequality depends on a standard direct effect and on an indirect (composition) effect which accounts for the changes in the proportions of individuals with various incomes. We show that following an increase in some high income, immobility and inequality both increase if the indirect effect goes in the same direction as the direct effect. Thus, in such a case, the economy moves up a Gatsby curve. We also demonstrate that if the indirect effect goes in the same direction as the direct effect, and if education is a substitute to parental investment, then an increase in education leads to the economy moving down a Gatsby curve where it experiences both lower inequality and immobility. Finally, we show that an economy may go from being Gatsbian to non-Gatsbian, and vice versa.","PeriodicalId":501277,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economic Inequality","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140931823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Degrees of vulnerability to poverty: a low‑income dynamics approach for Chile 更正：贫困的脆弱性程度：智利的低收入动态方法

The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-024-09627-8

Joaquín Prieto

引用次数: 0

Top-end inequality and growth: empirical exploration of nonlinearities and the time dimension 高端不平等与增长：对非线性和时间维度的经验探索

The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-023-09604-7

Elina Tuominen

引用次数: 0

Job polarisation and household borrowing 就业两极分化与家庭借贷

The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-024-09624-x

Michele Cantarella, Ilja Kristian Kavonius

引用次数: 0

The sources and structure of wage inequality changes in the selected Central-Eastern European Countries 选定的中东欧国家工资不平等变化的来源和结构

The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-024-09621-0

{"title":"The sources and structure of wage inequality changes in the selected Central-Eastern European Countries","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10888-024-09621-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-024-09621-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> We study the determinants of wage inequality and its fluctuations in six Central-Eastern European nations using European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions microdata from 2010 to 2019. Wage disparity in these countries changed in distinct ways. Inequality in Czechia and Romania is generally steady, has fallen consistently in Poland and Slovakia, and has increased in Bulgaria. Inequality has been steadily reducing in Hungary but has recently increased significantly. Therefore, this paper questions these countries' primary causes of wage inequality changes. In addition to providing a detailed description of inequality trends in these countries, we focus on examining the demographic and micro-level determinants alongside the minimum wage changes. We estimate these effects using RIF regression and RIF decompositions for various inequality measures. The changes in wage inequality in these countries were driven mainly by wage structure effects regardless of the increase or decrease in wage inequality. Changes in the returns to education and returns to permanent employment contracts are crucial in explaining decreased wage inequality. The increases in wage inequality in Hungary and Bulgaria are defined mainly by the changes in the estimated constants instead of micro-level determinants. The changes in the minimum wage explain most of the unknown factors in Bulgaria, and the spillover effects of the minimum wage may explain most of the unknown factors in Hungary. Our results can support the skill-biased technological change hypothesis in the case of Slovakia, Romania, Czechia, and Bulgaria.","PeriodicalId":501277,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economic Inequality","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139981608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification-robust methods for comparing inequality with an application to regional disparities 适用于地区差异的比较不平等的可靠识别方法

The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-023-09600-x

Jean-Marie Dufour, Emmanuel Flachaire, Lynda Khalaf, Abdallah Zalghout

{"title":"Identification-robust methods for comparing inequality with an application to regional disparities","authors":"Jean-Marie Dufour, Emmanuel Flachaire, Lynda Khalaf, Abdallah Zalghout","doi":"10.1007/s10888-023-09600-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-023-09600-x","url":null,"abstract":"We propose Fieller-type methods for inference on generalized entropy inequality indices in the context of the two-sample problem which covers testing the statistical significance of the difference in indices, and the construction of a confidence set for this difference. In addition to irregularities arising from thick distributional tails, standard inference procedures are prone to identification problems because of the ratio transformation that defines the considered indices. Simulation results show that our proposed method outperforms existing counterparts including simulation-based permutation methods and results are robust to different assumptions about the shape of the null distributions. Improvements are most notable for indices that put more weight on the right tail of the distribution and for sample sizes that match macroeconomic type inequality analysis. While irregularities arising from the right tail have long been documented, we find that left tail irregularities are equally important in explaining the failure of standard inference methods. We apply our proposed method to analyze income per-capita inequality across U.S. states and non-OECD countries. Empirical results illustrate how Fieller-based confidence sets can: (i) differ consequentially from available ones leading to conflicts in test decisions, and (ii) reveal prohibitive estimation uncertainty in the form of unbounded outcomes which serve as proper warning against flawed interpretations of statistical tests.","PeriodicalId":501277,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economic Inequality","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139770952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A decomposition method to evaluate the ‘paradox of progress’, with evidence for Argentina 评估 "进步悖论 "的分解方法，以阿根廷为例

The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-023-09601-w

Javier Alejo, Leonardo Gasparini, Gabriel Montes-Rojas, Walter Sosa-Escudero

引用次数: 0

A note on Sen’s representation of the Gini coefficient: Revision and repercussions 关于森的基尼系数表示法的说明：修订与反响

The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-024-09623-y

Oded Stark

{"title":"A note on Sen’s representation of the Gini coefficient: Revision and repercussions","authors":"Oded Stark","doi":"10.1007/s10888-024-09623-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-024-09623-y","url":null,"abstract":"Sen (1973 and 1997) presents the Gini coefficient of income inequality in a population as follows. “In any pair-wise comparison the man with the lower income can be thought to be suffering from some depression on finding his income to be lower. Let this depression be proportional to the difference in income. The sum total of all such depressions in all possible pair-wise comparisons takes us to the Gini coefficient.” (This citation is from Sen 1973, p. 8.) Sen’s verbal account is accompanied by a formula (Sen 1997, p. 31, eq. 2.8.1), which is replicated in the text of this note as equation (1). The formula yields a coefficient bounded from above by a number smaller than 1. This creates a difficulty, because the “mission” of a measure of inequality defined on the unit interval is to accord 0 to perfect equality (maximal equality) and 1 to perfect inequality (maximal inequality). In this note we show that when the Gini coefficient is elicited from a neat measure of the aggregate income-related depression of the population that consists of the people who experience income-related depression, then the obtained Gini coefficient is “well behaved” in the sense that it is bounded from above by 1. We conjecture a reason for a drawback of Sen’s definition, and we present repercussions of the usage of the “well-behaved” Gini coefficient.","PeriodicalId":501277,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economic Inequality","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139770864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perpetuating wage inequality: evidence from salary history bans 工资不平等的长期存在：工资历史禁令的证据

The Journal of Economic Inequality Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-023-09610-9

James Bessen, Erich Denk, Chen Meng

{"title":"Perpetuating wage inequality: evidence from salary history bans","authors":"James Bessen, Erich Denk, Chen Meng","doi":"10.1007/s10888-023-09610-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-023-09610-9","url":null,"abstract":"Pay gaps for women and minorities have persisted after accounting for observable differences. Recently, a dozen US states have banned employer access to salary histories. We analyze the effects of these salary history bans (SHBs) on private employer wage posting and pay. We develop a theoretical model of firms’ choices between posting wages and bargaining, drawing out the implications of SHBs on wages for different groups of jobs. We then implement a comprehensive analysis in a difference-in-differences design, using Burning Glass job posting data in the US and the Current Population Survey. The results show that following SHBs, private employers posted wages more often and increased pay for job changers, particularly for women (6.2%) and non-whites (5.8%). The results imply that when employers can access applicants’ salary histories while bargaining over wages, they can take advantage of past inequities, perpetuating inequality. There is also no evidence of adverse selection of workers overall or adverse employer reactions in the short run. Bargaining behavior and the use of salary histories appear to account for much of the difference in pay between disadvantaged job changers and others.","PeriodicalId":501277,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Economic Inequality","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139770813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0