The Journal of Agricultural Science最新文献_第2页

Yield improvement with antitranspirant application in droughted wheat associated with both reduced transpiration and reduced abscisic acid 干旱小麦施用抗蒸腾剂提高产量与蒸腾作用降低和脱落酸减少有关

The Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859624000157

W. Mphande, A. D. Farrell, L. H. Vickers, I. G. Grove, P. S. Kettlewell

{"title":"Yield improvement with antitranspirant application in droughted wheat associated with both reduced transpiration and reduced abscisic acid","authors":"W. Mphande, A. D. Farrell, L. H. Vickers, I. G. Grove, P. S. Kettlewell","doi":"10.1017/s0021859624000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859624000157","url":null,"abstract":"In Mediterranean-type climates, terminal drought induces grain yield losses in wheat. Antitranspirants can reduce the impacts of terminal drought and improve yield, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Among other impacts, drought elevates endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) concentration. Here, the effectiveness of a film antitranspirant (di-1-p-menthene) was studied in relation to plant water status and spike ABA. The objective was to determine whether drought amelioration with di-1-p-menthene was solely mediated through a reduction in ABA by comparing its effects to that of fluridone (an ABA inhibitor). The treatments were assessed in a randomized complete block design in two field experiments in spring and summer of 2020, with six and eight replicate blocks, respectively, at Harper Adams University, UK, to compare their effects on spike ABA, gas exchange and agronomic traits under progressive drought conditions. Di-1-p-menthene was applied at 1 l/ha; and fluridone at 10, 20 and 50 μM concentrations, at flag leaf emergence, growth stage 37 (GS37). Drought increased spike ABA and downregulated photosynthesis. Di-1-p-menthene and fluridone at some concentrations, reduced spike ABA and photosynthesis. Di-1-p-menthene suppressed transpiration and spike ABA, each by 21% but increased grain yield by 27%. In contrast, although fluridone (at 10 and 50 μM) also reduced spike ABA (by 16%), overall, it did not alter transpiration or grain yield. The results suggest that yield improvement with di-1-p-methene is mediated through mechanisms that involve conservation of plant water linked to reduced transpiration, with inhibition of spike ABA playing a secondary role.","PeriodicalId":501199,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feed intake, microbial adherence and fibrolytic activity in residues of forage samples incubated in the rumen of sheep fed grass forages and/or a total mixed ration 饲喂青草饲料和/或全混合日粮的绵羊瘤胃中饲草样品残留物的采食量、微生物附着力和纤维分解活性

The Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859624000017

A. Pérez-Ruchel, J. L. Repetto, C. Cajarville, M. P. Mezzomo, G. V. Kozloski

{"title":"Feed intake, microbial adherence and fibrolytic activity in residues of forage samples incubated in the rumen of sheep fed grass forages and/or a total mixed ration","authors":"A. Pérez-Ruchel, J. L. Repetto, C. Cajarville, M. P. Mezzomo, G. V. Kozloski","doi":"10.1017/s0021859624000017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859624000017","url":null,"abstract":"Three male sheep were fed, throughout three experimental periods, with either only forage, only total mixed ration (TMR) or a mixed diet (TMR + forage). The rich-fibre ingredients of each diet were incubated daily in situ for three days and the ruminal pH was measured every 2 h during the last day of each experimental period. Rumen pH decreased at increased proportion of TMR in diet (P < 0.05). The dry matter (DM) degradability of the grass forage was higher (P < 0.05) in animals receiving only forage than in those receiving the mixed diet whereas the DM degradability of the corn silage was higher (P < 0.05) in animals receiving the mixed diet than in those receiving only TMR. The level of microbial adherence in residues of grass forage was higher (P < 0.05) in animals fed with only forage than in those fed with the mixed diet and, the level of microbial adherence in residue of corn silage was higher (P < 0.05) in animals receiving the mixed diet than in those receiving TMR. The carboxymethylcellulase activity in residues of grass forage was higher (P < 0.05) in sheep fed the mixed diet whereas not significant effect of diet type was observed for this variable in residues of corn silage. In conclusion, increased inclusion of TMR in sheep diet showed a negative impact on microbial adherence and forage degradability in situ, an effect mediated by changes in rumen pH which was not compensated by increased fibrolytic activity.","PeriodicalId":501199,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139759914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Effect of cell wall compositions on lodging resistance of cereal crops: review 细胞壁成分对谷类作物抗倒伏性的影响：综述

The Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859624000091

Endalkachew Mengistie, A. G. McDonald

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A review of the de novo domestication and cultivation of edible Australian native plants as food crops 澳大利亚本土可食用植物作为粮食作物的新驯化和栽培综述

The Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859624000078

Nicholas Alexander George, R. Coorey, Kingsley Dixon, Sarita Jane Bennett

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Sample size, range of parameters, and time-dependent effects on global sensitivity analysis in sugarcane modelling 样本量、参数范围和时间对甘蔗建模全球敏感性分析的影响

The Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859624000030

R. A. A. Pereira, M. S. Vianna, F. R. Marin

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Effect of physically effective fibre on chewing behaviour, ruminal fermentation, digesta passage and protein metabolism of dairy cows 物理有效纤维对奶牛咀嚼行为、瘤胃发酵、消化液通过率和蛋白质代谢的影响

The Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859623000539

R. Heering, R. Baumont, N. Selje-Aßmann, U. Dickhoefer

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System fertilization in the pasture phase enhances productivity in integrated crop–livestock systems 牧场阶段的系统施肥可提高作物-牲畜综合系统的生产力

The Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859623000606

C. M. Freitas, J. I. Yasuoka, G. C. Pires, J. P. Gama, L.G. S. Oliveira, J. E. A. Davi, L. S. Silva, I. A. G. Silva, C. Bremm, P. C. F. Carvalho, A. Moraes, E. D. Souza

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Statistical options for the analysis of in vitro gas production profiles illustrated using rumen liquor as the inoculum 用瘤胃液作为接种物分析体外产气剖面的统计选项

The Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859623000588

Dan Dhanoa, R. Sanderson, Sue Lister, Rogerio Martins Mauricio, Secundino López, Jennifer Ellis, Chris Powell, James France

{"title":"Statistical options for the analysis of in vitro gas production profiles illustrated using rumen liquor as the inoculum","authors":"Dan Dhanoa, R. Sanderson, Sue Lister, Rogerio Martins Mauricio, Secundino López, Jennifer Ellis, Chris Powell, James France","doi":"10.1017/s0021859623000588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859623000588","url":null,"abstract":"The use of repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) options for the analysis of in vitro ruminal fermentation gas production profiles is illustrated. Because of the different variances and covariance structures among profile observations, ordinary ANOVA for more than two-time points is not recommended. To mitigate this problem, the Greenhouse–Geisser epsilon correction can be applied to reduce the degrees of freedom, inflated by violation of the sphericity assumption, for F ratio probability calculations. After this correction, the Box–Greenhouse–Geisser ANOVA (modified ANOVA) layout appears similar to the layout of a split-plot design ANOVA with whole plots divided into subplots (incubation time). Any F tests in the main plot part are valid but F tests involving the time factor from the subplot part need modification because time factor, by its very nature, cannot be allocated at random. Application of multivariate ANOVA, distance multivariate ANOVA, ante-dependence and mixed model analysis are also considered. All these options lend themselves to wide application in the applied biological sciences.","PeriodicalId":501199,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138510685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feed quality of modern varieties of Festuca arundinacea and Phleum pratense as an alternative to Lolium perenne in intensively managed grassland with different defoliation schemes 在集约经营草地上不同落叶方案替代二年生黑麦草的现代品种圆羊茅和野羊草的饲料质量

The Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859623000527

Talea Becker, Manfred Kayser, Johannes Isselstein

{"title":"Feed quality of modern varieties of Festuca arundinacea and Phleum pratense as an alternative to Lolium perenne in intensively managed grassland with different defoliation schemes","authors":"Talea Becker, Manfred Kayser, Johannes Isselstein","doi":"10.1017/s0021859623000527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859623000527","url":null,"abstract":"Grassland production based on cutting-only and an increasing frequency of prolonged periods of drought due to climate change could lead to decreased productivity in Lolium perenne. In field experiments, we tested whether Festuca arundinacea and Phleum pratense could be suitable alternatives to L. perenne on intensively managed grassland on clay, peat and sandy soil. The three grasses were sown in mixture with Poa pratensis and Trifolium repens and subjected to different frequencies of defoliation representing a cutting-only system, simulated grazing system and a mixed system. We found that in systems with at least six defoliations, F. arundinacea represented an acceptable compromise between feed quality (6.4 MJ net energy/kg dry matter (DM), 19.3% crude protein, CP), persistence (mass proportion >90%), and DM yield (12.7 Mg/ha). However, for dairy production based on intensive cutting-only systems, the quality of F. arundinacea was insufficient (5.9 MJ net energy/kg DM, 15.6% CP). Mixtures with P. pratense as the main sown species did not differ significantly in production of net energy and CP from L. perenne in cutting-only systems on sandy soil. On peat land, all sown mixtures were invaded by Holcus lanatus. We found that under frequent defoliation conditions, H. lanatus-rich swards had comparatively good DM yields (9.2 Mg/ha) and a feed quality that would be sufficient for dairy cow nutrition (net energy, 6.2–6.4 MJ/kg DM; 18.8–20.4% CP). We conclude that there is potential to adapt the choice of grasses and mixtures in different production systems to meet the challenges of climate change.","PeriodicalId":501199,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138510301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of spring grass availability and silage supplementation on dairy cow performance and dry matter intake during early lactation 春草利用率和青贮水平对泌乳早期奶牛生产性能和干物质采食量的影响

The Journal of Agricultural Science Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1017/s002185962300059x

Sarah Walsh, Luc Delaby, Michael Kennedy, Zoe McKay, Michael O'Donovan, Christina Fleming, Michael Egan

{"title":"The effect of spring grass availability and silage supplementation on dairy cow performance and dry matter intake during early lactation","authors":"Sarah Walsh, Luc Delaby, Michael Kennedy, Zoe McKay, Michael O'Donovan, Christina Fleming, Michael Egan","doi":"10.1017/s002185962300059x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002185962300059x","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of level and timing of silage supplementation during early lactation on animal performance and dry matter intake (DMI). Two farm-lets were established with a high (1253 kg DM/ha) and low (862 kg DM/ha) grass availability at turnout. In spring, cows were assigned to one of two treatments as they calved over 2 years; high grass (HG) and low grass (LG). During period 1 (week 1–6), cows on the HG treatment were offered a high daily herbage allowance (DHA) with low silage and the LG treatment were offered a low DHA with high silage. In period 2 (week 7–12), half of the cows from the HG treatment in P1 switched to the LG treatment in P2 and vice versa as 20 LG cows in P1 switched to the HG treatment in P2. Cows on the HG treatment in P2 received a high DHA with no silage and the LG treatment received a low DHA with 3 kg DM/cow silage. Grass DMI was significantly higher for the HG treatment during both periods (+1.6 and +3.4 kg DM/cow/day, respectively). The HG treatment produced +0.9 kg milk/cow/day and had a higher protein concentration (+1.1 g/kg milk) compared to cows on the LG treatment during period 2. Differences in animal performance observed in period 2 were maintained throughout the 8-week carryover period.","PeriodicalId":501199,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138510302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0