arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics最新文献

{"title":"CuRIOS-ED: The Technology Demonstrator for the CubeSats for Rapid Infrared and Optical Surveys Mission","authors":"Hannah Gulick, Jessica R. Lu, Aryan Sood, Steven V. W. Beckwith, Joshua S. Bloom, Kodi Rider, Dan Werthimer, Wei Liu, Guy Nir, Harrison Lee, Jeremy McCauley","doi":"arxiv-2409.11471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.11471","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of time-domain astronomy including electromagnetic counterparts to\u0000gravitational waves, gravitational microlensing, explosive phenomena, and even\u0000astrometry with Gaia, are showing the power and need for surveys with\u0000high-cadence, large area, and long time baselines to study the transient\u0000universe. A constellation of SmallSats or CubeSats providing wide,\u0000instantaneous sky coverage down to 21 Vega mag at optical wavelengths would be\u0000ideal for addressing this need. We are assembling CuRIOS-ED (CubeSats for Rapid\u0000Infrared and Optical Survey--Exploration Demo), an optical telescope payload\u0000which will act as a technology demonstrator for a larger constellation of\u0000several hundred 16U CubeSats known as CuRIOS. In preparation for CuRIOS,\u0000CuRIOS-ED will launch in late 2025 as part of the 12U Starspec InspireSat MVP\u0000payload. CuRIOS-ED will be used to demonstrate the StarSpec ADCS pointing\u0000capabilities to <1\" and to space-qualify a commercial camera package for use on\u0000the full CuRIOS payload. The CuRIOS-ED camera system will utilize a Sony IMX455\u0000CMOS detector delivered in an off-the-shelf Atik apx60 package which we\u0000modified to be compatible with operations in vacuum as well as the CubeSat form\u0000factor, power, and thermal constraints. By qualifying this commercial camera\u0000solution, the cost of each CuRIOS satellite will be greatly decreased (~100x)\u0000when compared with current space-qualified cameras with IMX455 detectors. We\u0000discuss the CuRIOS-ED mission design with an emphasis on the disassembly,\u0000repackaging, and testing of the Atik apx60 for space-based missions.\u0000Characterization of the apx60's read noise, dark current, patterned noise, and\u0000thermal behavior are reported for a range of temperatures (-35 C to 40 C) and\u0000exposure times (0.001s to 30 s). Additionally, we comment on preliminary\u0000environmental testing results from a successful thermal vacuum test.","PeriodicalId":501163,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The SST-1M imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope for gamma-ray astrophysics","authors":"C. Alispach, A. Araudo, M. Balbo, V. Beshley, A. Biland, J. Blažek, J. Borkowski, T. Bulik, F. Cadoux, S. Casanova, A. Christov, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, P. Dědič, D. della Volpe, Y. Favre, M. Garczarczyk, L. Gibaud, T. Gieras, P. Hamal, M. Heller, M. Hrabovský, P. Janeček, M. Jelínek, V. Jílek, J. Juryšek, V. Karas, B. Lacave, E. Lyard, E. Mach, D. Mandát, W. Marek, S. Michal, J. Michałowski, R. Moderski, T. Montaruli, A. Muraczewski, S. Muthyala, A. L. Müller, A. Nagai, K. Nalewajski, D. Neise, J. Niemiec, M. Nikołajuk, V. Novotný, M. Ostrowski, M. Palatka, M. Pech, M. Prouza, P. Rajda, P. Schovanek, K. Seweryn, V. Sliusar, Ł. Stawarz, R. Sternberger, M. Stodulska, J. Świerblewski, P. Świerk, J. Štrobl, T. Tavernier, P. Trávníček, I. Troyano Pujadas, J. Vícha, R. Walter, K. Zietara","doi":"arxiv-2409.11310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.11310","url":null,"abstract":"The SST-1M is a Small-Sized Telescope (SST) designed to provide a\u0000cost-effective and high-performance solution for gamma-ray astrophysics,\u0000particularly for energies beyond a few TeV. The goal is to integrate this\u0000telescope into an array of similar instruments, leveraging its lightweight\u0000design, earthquake resistance, and established Davies-Cotton configuration.\u0000Additionally, its optical system is designed to function without a protective\u0000dome, allowing it to withstand the harsh atmospheric conditions typical of\u0000mountain environments above 2000 m. The SST-1M utilizes a fully digitizing\u0000camera system based on silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). This camera is capable\u0000of digitizing all signals from the UV-optical light detectors, allowing for the\u0000implementation of various triggers and data analysis methods. We detail the\u0000process of designing, prototyping, and validating this system, ensuring that it\u0000meets the stringent requirements for gamma-ray detection and performance. An\u0000SST-1M stereo system is currently operational and collecting data at the\u0000Ondv{r}ejov observatory in the Czech Republic, situated at 500 m. Preliminary\u0000results from this system are promising. A forthcoming paper will provide a\u0000comprehensive analysis of the performance of the telescopes in detecting gamma\u0000rays and operating under real-world conditions.","PeriodicalId":501163,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A VLBI Calibrator Grid at 600MHz for Fast Radio Transient Localizations with CHIME/FRB Outriggers","authors":"Shion Andrew, Calvin Leung, Alexander Li, Kiyoshi W. Masui, Bridget C. Andersen, Kevin Bandura, Alice P. Curtin, Jane Kaczmarek, Adam E. Lanman, Mattias Lazda, Juan Mena-Parra, Daniele Michilli, Kenzie Nimmo, Aaron B. Pearlman, Mubdi Rahman, Vishwangi Shah, Kaitlyn Shin, Haochen Wang","doi":"arxiv-2409.11476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.11476","url":null,"abstract":"The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst\u0000(CHIME/FRB) Project has a new VLBI Outrigger at the Green Bank Observatory\u0000(GBO), which forms a 3300km baseline with CHIME operating at 400-800MHz. Using\u0000100ms long full-array baseband \"snapshots\" collected commensally during FRB and\u0000pulsar triggers, we perform a shallow, wide-area VLBI survey covering a\u0000significant fraction of the Northern sky targeted at the positions of compact\u0000sources from the Radio Fundamental Catalog. In addition, our survey contains\u0000calibrators detected from two 1s long trial baseband snapshots for a deeper\u0000survey with CHIME and GBO. In this paper, we present the largest catalog of\u0000compact calibrators suitable for 30-milliarcsecond-scale VLBI observations at\u0000sub-GHz frequencies to date. Our catalog consists of 200 total calibrators in\u0000the Northern Hemisphere that are compact on 30-milliarcsecond scales with\u0000fluxes above 100mJy. This calibrator grid will enable the precise localization\u0000of hundreds of FRBs a year with CHIME/FRB-Outriggers.","PeriodicalId":501163,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching dark matter simulations to speak the halo language","authors":"Shivam Pandey, Francois Lanusse, Chirag Modi, Benjamin D. Wandelt","doi":"arxiv-2409.11401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.11401","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a transformer-based conditional generative model for discrete\u0000point objects and their properties. We use it to build a model for populating\u0000cosmological simulations with gravitationally collapsed structures called dark\u0000matter halos. Specifically, we condition our model with dark matter\u0000distribution obtained from fast, approximate simulations to recover the correct\u0000three-dimensional positions and masses of individual halos. This leads to a\u0000first model that can recover the statistical properties of the halos at small\u0000scales to better than 3% level using an accelerated dark matter simulation.\u0000This trained model can then be applied to simulations with significantly larger\u0000volumes which would otherwise be computationally prohibitive with traditional\u0000simulations, and also provides a crucial missing link in making end-to-end\u0000differentiable cosmological simulations. The code, named GOTHAM (Generative\u0000cOnditional Transformer for Halo's Auto-regressive Modeling) is publicly\u0000available at url{https://github.com/shivampcosmo/GOTHAM}.","PeriodicalId":501163,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESCAPE project: testing active observing strategies for high-contrast imaging in space on the HiCAT testbed","authors":"Alexis Lau, Élodie Choquet, Lisa Altinier, Iva Laginja, Rémi Soummer, Laurent Pueyo, Nicolas Godoy, Arthur Vigan, David Mary","doi":"arxiv-2409.11062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.11062","url":null,"abstract":"The Roman Space Telescope will be a critical mission to demonstrate\u0000high-contrast imaging technologies allowing for the characterisation of\u0000exoplanets in reflected light. It will demonstrate $10^{-7}$ contrast limits or\u0000better at 3--9 $lambda / D$ separations with active wavefront control for the\u0000first time in space. The detection limits for the Coronagraph Instrument are\u0000expected to be set by wavefront variations between the science target and the\u0000reference star observations. We are investigating methods to use the\u0000deformablel mirrors to methodically probe the impact of such variations on the\u0000coronagraphic PSF, generating a PSF library during observations of the\u0000reference star to optimise the starlight subtraction at post-processing. We are\u0000collaborating with STScI to test and validate these methods in lab using the\u0000HiCAT tested, a high-contrast imaging lab platform dedicated to system-level\u0000developments for future space missions. In this paper, we will present the\u0000first applications of these methods on HiCAT.","PeriodicalId":501163,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FreeDSM and the Gaia4Sustaniability project: a light pollution meter based on IoT technologies","authors":"Mario Casado Diezon behalf of the Gaia4Sustainability team","doi":"arxiv-2409.10298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10298","url":null,"abstract":"Light pollution is a growing environmental issue that affects astronomy,\u0000ecosystems, human health. To address this, we introduce the Free Dark Sky Meter\u0000(FreeDSM), an affordable IoT-based photometer designed for continuous light\u0000pollution monitoring. FreeDSM uses an ESP32 microcontroller with integrated\u0000sensors for light, temperature, and humidity, and operates on an open-source\u0000platform. Data from multiple devices are centralized and processed using the\u0000Gambons model, which leverages Gaia satellite data for accurate real-time\u0000assessments of natural light levels. This project is part of the\u0000Gaia4Sustainability initiative.","PeriodicalId":501163,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Optimal Transport-Based Approach for Interpolating Spectral Time Series: Paving the Way for Photometric Classification of Supernovae","authors":"M. Ramirez, G. Pignata, Francisco Förster, Santiago Gonzáles-Gaitán, Claudia P. Gutiérrez, B. Ayala, Guillermo Cabrera-Vives, Márcio Catelan, A. M. Muñoz Arancibia, J. Pineda-García","doi":"arxiv-2409.10701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10701","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a novel method for creating spectral time series, which\u0000can be used for generating synthetic light curves for photometric\u0000classification but also for applications like K-corrections and bolometric\u0000corrections. This approach is particularly valuable in the era of large\u0000astronomical surveys, where it can significantly enhance the analysis and\u0000understanding of an increasing number of SNe, even in the absence of extensive\u0000spectroscopic data. methods: By employing interpolations based on optimal\u0000transport theory, starting from a spectroscopic sequence, we derive weighted\u0000average spectra with high cadence. The weights incorporate an uncertainty\u0000factor, for penalizing interpolations between spectra with significant epoch\u0000differences and with poor match between the synthetic and observed photometry.\u0000results: Our analysis reveals that even with phase difference of up to 40 days\u0000between pairs of spectra, optical transport can generate interpolated spectral\u0000time series that closely resemble the original ones. Synthetic photometry\u0000extracted from these spectral time series aligns well with observed photometry.\u0000The best results are achieved in the V band, with relative residuals less than\u000010% for 87% and 84% of the data for type Ia and II, respectively. For the B, g,\u0000R and r bands the relative residuals are between 65% and 87% within the\u0000previously mentioned 10% threshold for both classes. The worse results\u0000correspond to the i and I bands where, in the case, of SN~Ia the values drop to\u000053% and 42%, respectively. conclusions: We introduce a new method to construct\u0000spectral time series for individual SN starting from a sparse spectroscopic\u0000sequence, demonstrating its capability to produce reliable light curves that\u0000can be used for photometric classification.","PeriodicalId":501163,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ejected Particles after Impact Splash on Mars: Electrification","authors":"T. Becker, F. C. Onyeagusi, J. Teiser, T. Jardiel, M. Peiteado, O. Munoz, J. Martikainen, J. C. Gomez Martin, J. Merrison, G. Wurm","doi":"arxiv-2409.10287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10287","url":null,"abstract":"Within the RoadMap project we investigated the microphysical aspects of\u0000particle collisions during saltation on the Martian surface in laboratory\u0000experiments. Following the size distribution of ejected particles, their\u0000aerodynamic properties and aggregation status upon ejection, we now focus on\u0000the electrification and charge distribution of ejected particles. We analyzed\u0000rebound and ejection trajectories of grains in a vacuum setup with a strong\u0000electric field of 100 kV/m and deduced particle charges from their\u0000acceleration. The ejected particles have sizes of about 10 to 100 microns. They\u0000carry charges up to $10^5$ e or charge densities up to $> 10^7$ e/mm$^2$.\u0000Within the given size range, we find a small bias towards positive charges.","PeriodicalId":501163,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision speckle interferometry with CMOS detector","authors":"I. A. Strakhov, B. S. Safonov, D. V. Cheryasov","doi":"arxiv-2409.10249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10249","url":null,"abstract":"Speckle polarimeter (SPP) is a facility instrument of the 2.5-m telescope of\u0000the Caucasian Mountain Observatory of SAI MSU. By design it is a combination of\u0000a speckle interferometer and a dual--beam polarimeter. In 2022 we performed a\u0000major upgrade of the instrument. New version of the instrument features\u0000Hamamatsu ORCA-Quest qCMOS C15550-20UP, having subelectron readout noise, as a\u0000main detector, as opposed to EMCCD Andor iXon 897 used in previous version.\u0000Optical distortions present in the instrument are considered as they directly\u0000affect the accuracy of the speckle interferometric astrometric measurements of\u0000binary stars. We identified the Atmospheric Dispersion Compensator (ADC) as the\u0000main source of distortions which are not constant and depend on the rotational\u0000angles of ADCs prisms. Distortions are estimated using internal calibration\u0000light source and multiple binary stars measurements. Method for their\u0000correction is developed. Flux ratio estimates are subject to CMOS-specific\u0000negative factors: spatially correlated noise and flux-dependent pixel-to-pixel\u0000sensitivity difference. We suggest ways to mitigate these factors. The use of\u0000speckle transfer function measured using a reference star further improves flux\u0000ratio estimation performance. We discuss the precision of the estimates of\u0000position angle, separation and flux ratio of binary stars.","PeriodicalId":501163,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-bogus scores for active anomaly detection","authors":"T. A. SemenikhinThe SNAD team, M. V. KornilovThe SNAD team, M. V. PruzhinskayaThe SNAD team, A. D. LavrukhinaThe SNAD team, E. RusseilThe SNAD team, E. GanglerThe SNAD team, E. E. O. IshidaThe SNAD team, V. S. KorolevThe SNAD team, K. L. MalanchevThe SNAD team, A. A. VolnovaThe SNAD team, S. SreejithThe SNAD team","doi":"arxiv-2409.10256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10256","url":null,"abstract":"In the task of anomaly detection in modern time-domain photometric surveys,\u0000the primary goal is to identify astrophysically interesting, rare, and unusual\u0000objects among a large volume of data. Unfortunately, artifacts -- such as plane\u0000or satellite tracks, bad columns on CCDs, and ghosts -- often constitute\u0000significant contaminants in results from anomaly detection analysis. In such\u0000contexts, the Active Anomaly Discovery (AAD) algorithm allows tailoring the\u0000output of anomaly detection pipelines according to what the expert judges to be\u0000scientifically interesting. We demonstrate how the introduction real-bogus\u0000scores, obtained from a machine learning classifier, improves the results from\u0000AAD. Using labeled data from the SNAD ZTF knowledge database, we train four\u0000real-bogus classifiers: XGBoost, CatBoost, Random Forest, and Extremely\u0000Randomized Trees. All the models perform real-bogus classification with similar\u0000effectiveness, achieving ROC-AUC scores ranging from 0.93 to 0.95.\u0000Consequently, we select the Random Forest model as the main model due to its\u0000simplicity and interpretability. The Random Forest classifier is applied to 67\u0000million light curves from ZTF DR17. The output real-bogus score is used as an\u0000additional feature for two anomaly detection algorithms: static Isolation\u0000Forest and AAD. While results from Isolation Forest remained unchanged, the\u0000number of artifacts detected by the active approach decreases significantly\u0000with the inclusion of the real-bogus score, from 27 to 3 out of 100. We\u0000conclude that incorporating the real-bogus classifier result as an additional\u0000feature in the active anomaly detection pipeline significantly reduces the\u0000number of artifacts in the outputs, thereby increasing the incidence of\u0000astrophysically interesting objects presented to human experts.","PeriodicalId":501163,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}