arXiv - QuanBio - Populations and Evolution最新文献_第5页

Characterising rooted and unrooted tree-child networks 有根和无根树状子网络的特征

arXiv - QuanBio - Populations and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: arxiv-2408.17105

Janosch Döcker, Simone Linz

引用次数: 0

Dogs on forest trails; Understanding ecology of Striped Hyena and wild Canids in the presence of free-ranging dogs in Udanti-Sitanadi Tiger Reserve, Central India using Joint Distribution and Deep Neural Networks 森林小径上的狗；利用联合分布和深度神经网络了解印度中部乌丹蒂-锡塔纳迪老虎保护区自由放养的狗存在时花脸鬣狗和野生犬科动物的生态学情况

arXiv - QuanBio - Populations and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: arxiv-2409.00185

Chiranjib Chaudhuri, Krishnendu Basak, M Suraj, Moiz Ahmed, Amit Kumar

{"title":"Dogs on forest trails; Understanding ecology of Striped Hyena and wild Canids in the presence of free-ranging dogs in Udanti-Sitanadi Tiger Reserve, Central India using Joint Distribution and Deep Neural Networks","authors":"Chiranjib Chaudhuri, Krishnendu Basak, M Suraj, Moiz Ahmed, Amit Kumar","doi":"arxiv-2409.00185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.00185","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses Joint Species Distribution Models (JSDMs) and Deep Neural\u0000Networks (DNNs) to explore how wild carnivores and free-ranging dogs interact\u0000in the Udanti-Sitanadi Tiger Reserve (USTR) in Central India. The research\u0000focuses on key species like the Striped Hyena, Grey Wolf, Golden Jackal, and\u0000Indian Fox, revealing significant overlaps in habitat with free-ranging dogs,\u0000especially in densely populated areas like the Sitanadi region of the tiger\u0000reserve. These overlaps pose serious risks to wildlife through competition for\u0000resources, predation, and the spread of diseases. The study shows that the\u0000Striped Hyena prefers gentle slopes and forested areas, while the Grey Wolf\u0000tends to avoid cropland and thrives in regions with higher rainfall that\u0000supports a stable prey base. The Golden Jackal, more adaptable than the others,\u0000favors west-facing slopes and stable temperatures, whereas the Indian Fox is\u0000mainly found in the less disturbed, mountainous Kuladighat region.\u0000Additionally, the study highlights the potential impacts of climate change,\u0000predicting that the Grey Wolf could face habitat extinction under more severe\u0000scenarios. These findings underscore the urgent need for conservation\u0000strategies tailored to address both dog wild carnivore interactions and the\u0000growing challenges posed by climate change, focusing on protecting the critical\u0000habitats of vulnerable species like the Striped Hyena and Grey Wolf.","PeriodicalId":501044,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuanBio - Populations and Evolution","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trophic Cascades and Habitat Suitability in Udanti Sitnadi Tiger Reserve: Impacts of Prey Depletion and Climate Change on Predator Prey Dynamics Udanti Sitnadi 老虎保护区的营养级联和栖息地适宜性：猎物枯竭和气候变化对捕食者猎物动态的影响

arXiv - QuanBio - Populations and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: arxiv-2409.00193

Krishnendu Basak, Chiranjib Chaudhuri, M Suraj, Moiz Ahmed

{"title":"Trophic Cascades and Habitat Suitability in Udanti Sitnadi Tiger Reserve: Impacts of Prey Depletion and Climate Change on Predator Prey Dynamics","authors":"Krishnendu Basak, Chiranjib Chaudhuri, M Suraj, Moiz Ahmed","doi":"arxiv-2409.00193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.00193","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the trophic cascades and habitat suitability in\u0000Udanti Sitnadi Tiger Reserve (USTR), highlighting the roles of apex predators,\u0000subordinate predators, and prey species in maintaining ecosystem balance. Using\u0000the Trophic Species Distribution Model (SDM), we explored prey-predator\u0000interactions and habitat suitability, revealing that tigers, due to prey\u0000depletion, increasingly rely on cattle, while leopards adapt by preying on\u0000smaller species. The study emphasizes the need for prey augmentation and\u0000habitat restoration to support apex predators. Additionally, climate change\u0000projections for 2021-2040 and 2081-2100 under CMIP6 scenarios SSP245 and SSP585\u0000indicate significant regional habitat shifts, necessitating adaptive management\u0000strategies. Kuladighat is projected to face habitat contraction, while Sitanadi\u0000may experience habitat expansion. Effective conservation efforts such as\u0000habitat restoration, prey augmentation and predator recovery are the most\u0000important steps needed to maintain the purpose of a Tiger reserve and\u0000conservation potential of Udanti-Sonabeda Tiger Conservation Unit (TCU). To\u0000achieve these dynamics, focusing on community participation, anti-poaching\u0000measures, and scientific recommendations are the most crucial components to\u0000focus on. This comprehensive analysis underscores the critical role of targeted\u0000conservation activities in prey-depleted landscapes to ensure the long-term\u0000survival of tigers and the overall health of forest ecosystems, enhancing\u0000biodiversity and mitigating human-wildlife conflicts in USTR.","PeriodicalId":501044,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuanBio - Populations and Evolution","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individual or collective treatments: how to target antimicrobial use to limit the spread of respiratory pathogens among beef cattle? 单独治疗还是集体治疗：如何有针对性地使用抗菌剂来限制呼吸道病原体在肉牛中的传播？

arXiv - QuanBio - Populations and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: arxiv-2408.16269

Baptiste Sorin-Dupont, Antoine Poyard, Sebastien Assie, Sebastien Picault, Pauline Ezanno

{"title":"Individual or collective treatments: how to target antimicrobial use to limit the spread of respiratory pathogens among beef cattle?","authors":"Baptiste Sorin-Dupont, Antoine Poyard, Sebastien Assie, Sebastien Picault, Pauline Ezanno","doi":"arxiv-2408.16269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.16269","url":null,"abstract":"The overuse of antibiotics has become a major global concern due to its role\u0000in diminishing treatment effectiveness and positively selecting\u0000antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. This issue is particularly important in\u0000the beef cattle sector, where Bovine Respiratory Diseases (BRD) impose\u0000significant economic and welfare burdens. BRD are complex, multifactorial\u0000conditions primarily affecting young calves and feedlot cattle, caused by a\u0000combination of viral and bacterial pathogens, environmental factors, and\u0000stressors. Despite efforts to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU), the cattle\u0000production system remains heavily reliant on antibiotics to control BRD, often\u0000through the implementation of collective treatments to prevent outbreaks. This\u0000study aimed at evaluating the impact of various treatment practices on the\u0000spread of BRD, specifically focusing on criteria for implementing collective\u0000treatments. Using a mechanistic stochastic model, we simulated the spread of\u0000textit{Mannheimia haemolytica} in a multi-pen fattening operation under\u0000sixteen different scenarios, considering pen composition, individual risk\u0000levels, and treatment strategies. Our findings suggest that an alternative\u0000criterion for collective treatments based on the speed of the disease spread,\u0000could reduce BRD incidence and AMU more effectively than conventional methods.\u0000This research highlights the importance of responsible treatment practices and\u0000the potential benefits of novel criteria for collective treatment strategies in\u0000improving animal health. Moreover, it emphasizes the need for transparency on\u0000the exposure to risk factors along the production chain.","PeriodicalId":501044,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuanBio - Populations and Evolution","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transformations to simplify phylogenetic networks 简化系统发生网络的转换

arXiv - QuanBio - Populations and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: arxiv-2408.16156

Johanna Heiss, Daniel H. Huson, Mike Steel

{"title":"Transformations to simplify phylogenetic networks","authors":"Johanna Heiss, Daniel H. Huson, Mike Steel","doi":"arxiv-2408.16156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.16156","url":null,"abstract":"The evolutionary relationships between species are typically represented in\u0000the biological literature by rooted phylogenetic trees. However, a tree fails\u0000to capture ancestral reticulate processes, such as the formation of hybrid\u0000species or lateral gene transfer events between lineages, and so the history of\u0000life is more accurately described by a rooted phylogenetic network.\u0000Nevertheless, phylogenetic networks may be complex and difficult to interpret,\u0000so biologists sometimes prefer a tree that summarises the central tree-like\u0000trend of evolution. In this paper, we formally investigate methods for\u0000transforming an arbitrary phylogenetic network into a tree (on the same set of\u0000leaves) and ask which ones (if any) satisfy a simple consistency condition.\u0000This consistency condition states that if we add additional species into a\u0000phylogenetic network (without otherwise changing this original network) then\u0000transforming this enlarged network into a rooted phylogenetic tree induces the\u0000same tree on the original set of species as transforming the original network.\u0000We show that the LSA (lowest stable ancestor) tree method satisfies this\u0000consistency property, whereas several other commonly used methods (and a new\u0000one we introduce) do not. We also briefly consider transformations that convert\u0000arbitrary phylogenetic networks to another simpler class, namely normal\u0000networks.","PeriodicalId":501044,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuanBio - Populations and Evolution","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A framework for the modelling and the analysis of epidemiological spread in commuting populations 通勤人群中流行病传播的建模和分析框架

arXiv - QuanBio - Populations and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: arxiv-2408.15634

Pierre-Alexandre BlimanMUSCLEES, Boureima SangaréUNB, Assane SavadogoMUSCLEES, UNB

{"title":"A framework for the modelling and the analysis of epidemiological spread in commuting populations","authors":"Pierre-Alexandre BlimanMUSCLEES, Boureima SangaréUNB, Assane SavadogoMUSCLEES, UNB","doi":"arxiv-2408.15634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.15634","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, our goal is to establish a framework for the\u0000mathematical modelling and the analysis of the spread of an epidemic in a large\u0000population commuting regularly, typically along a time-periodic pattern, as is\u0000roughly speaking the case in populous urban center. We consider a large number\u0000of distinct homogeneous groups of individuals of various sizes, called\u0000subpopulations, and focus on the modelling of the changing conditions of their\u0000mixing along time and of the induced disease transmission. We propose a general\u0000class of models in which the 'force of infection' plays a central role, which\u0000attempts to 'reconcile' the classical modelling approaches in mathematical\u0000epidemiology, based on compartmental models, with some widely used analysis\u0000results (including those by P. van den Driessche and J. Watmough in 2002),\u0000established for apparently less structured systems of nonlinear\u0000ordinary-differential equations. We take special care in explaining the\u0000modelling approach in details, and provide analysis results that allow to\u0000compute or estimate the value of the basic reproduction number for such general\u0000periodic epidemic systems.","PeriodicalId":501044,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuanBio - Populations and Evolution","volume":"8995 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bounding the number of reticulation events for displaying multiple trees in a phylogenetic network 为在系统发生网络中显示多棵树而限定网状结构事件的数量

arXiv - QuanBio - Populations and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: arxiv-2408.14202

Yufeng Wu, Louxin Zhang

引用次数: 0

The untapped power of a general theory of organismal metabolism 有机体新陈代谢一般理论尚未开发的力量

arXiv - QuanBio - Populations and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: arxiv-2408.13998

Marko Jusup, Michael R. Kearney

{"title":"The untapped power of a general theory of organismal metabolism","authors":"Marko Jusup, Michael R. Kearney","doi":"arxiv-2408.13998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.13998","url":null,"abstract":"What makes living things special is how they manage matter, energy, and\u0000entropy. A general theory of organismal metabolism should therefore be\u0000quantified in these three currencies while capturing the unique way they flow\u0000between individuals and their environments. We argue that such a theory has\u0000quietly arrived -- 'Dynamic Energy Budget' (DEB) theory -- which conceptualises\u0000organisms as a series of macrochemical reactions that use energy to transform\u0000food into structured biomass and bioproducts while producing entropy. We show\u0000that such conceptualisation is deeply rooted in thermodynamic principles and\u0000that, with the help of a small set of biological assumptions, it underpins the\u0000emergence of fundamental ecophysiological phenomena, most notably the\u0000three-quarter power scaling of metabolism. Building on the subcellular nature\u0000of the theory, we unveil the eco-evolutionary relevance of coarse-graining\u0000biomass into qualitatively distinct, stoichiometricially fixed pools with\u0000implicitly regulated dynamics based on surface area-volume relations. We also\u0000show how generalised enzymes called 'synthesising units' and an\u0000information-based state variable called 'maturity' capture transitions between\u0000ecological and physiological metabolic interactions, and thereby transitions\u0000between unicellular and multicellular metabolic organisation. Formal\u0000theoretical frameworks make the constraints imposed by the laws of nature\u0000explicit, which in turn leads to better research hypotheses and avoids errors\u0000in reasoning. DEB theory uniquely applies thermodynamic formalism to organismal\u0000metabolism, linking biological processes across different scales through the\u0000transformation of matter and energy, the production of entropy, and the\u0000exchange of information. We propose ways in which the theory can inform\u0000trans-disciplinary efforts at the frontiers of the life sciences.","PeriodicalId":501044,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuanBio - Populations and Evolution","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficiently Approximating Spread Dimension with High Confidence 以高信度有效逼近传播维度

arXiv - QuanBio - Populations and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: arxiv-2408.14590

Kevin Dunne

引用次数: 0

The complex world of honey bee vibrational signaling: A response to Ramsey et al. (2017) 蜜蜂振动信号的复杂世界：对拉姆齐等人（2017）的回应

arXiv - QuanBio - Populations and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: arxiv-2408.14430

Heather C Bell, Parry M Keitzman, James C Nieh

引用次数: 0