Journal of Physiology-Paris最新文献_第5页

Magnetic orientation in C. elegans relies on the integrity of the villi of the AFD magnetosensory neurons 线虫的磁定向依赖于AFD磁感觉神经元绒毛的完整性

Journal of Physiology-Paris Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.12.002

Chance Bainbridge, Anjelica Rodriguez, Andrew Schuler, Michael Cisneros, Andrés G. Vidal-Gadea

{"title":"Magnetic orientation in C. elegans relies on the integrity of the villi of the AFD magnetosensory neurons","authors":"Chance Bainbridge, Anjelica Rodriguez, Andrew Schuler, Michael Cisneros, Andrés G. Vidal-Gadea","doi":"10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The magnetic field of the earth provides many organisms with sufficient information to successfully navigate through their environments. While evidence suggests the widespread use of this sensory modality across many taxa, it remains an understudied sensory modality. We have recently showed that the nematode <em>C. elegans</em><span> orients to earth-strength magnetic fields using the first pair of described magnetosensory neurons, AFDs. The AFD cells are a pair of ciliated sensory neurons crowned by fifty villi known to be implicated in temperature sensation. We investigated the potential importance of these subcellular structures for the performance of magnetic orientation. We show that ciliary integrity and villi number are essential for magnetic orientation. Mutants with impairments AFD cilia or villi structure failed to orient to magnetic fields. Similarly, </span><em>C. elegans</em> larvae possessing immature AFD neurons with fewer villi were also unable to orient to magnetic fields. Larvae of every stage however retained the ability to orient to thermal gradients. To our knowledge, this is the first behavioral separation of magnetic and thermal orientation in <em>C. elegans</em><span>. We conclude that magnetic orientation relies on the function of both cilia and villi in the AFD neurons. The role of villi in multiple sensory transduction pathways involved in the sensory transduction of vectorial stimuli further supports the likely role of the villi of the AFD neurons as the site for magnetic field transduction. The genetic and behavioral tractability of </span><em>C. elegans</em> make it a promising system for uncovering potentially conserved molecular mechanisms by which animals across taxa detect and orient to magnetic fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiology-Paris","volume":"110 3","pages":"Pages 76-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.12.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83103182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Weakly electric fish learn both visual and electrosensory cues in a multisensory object discrimination task 弱电鱼在多感官物体识别任务中学习视觉和电感觉线索

Journal of Physiology-Paris Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.10.007

Sandra Dangelmayer, Jan Benda, Jan Grewe

{"title":"Weakly electric fish learn both visual and electrosensory cues in a multisensory object discrimination task","authors":"Sandra Dangelmayer, Jan Benda, Jan Grewe","doi":"10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Weakly electric fish use electrosensory, visual, olfactory and lateral line<span> information to guide foraging and navigation behaviors. In many cases they preferentially rely on electrosensory cues. Do fish also memorize non-electrosensory cues? Here, we trained individuals of gymnotiform weakly electric fish </span></span><span><em>Apteronotus</em><em> albifrons</em></span> in an object discrimination task. Objects were combinations of differently conductive materials covered with differently colored cotton hoods. By setting visual and electrosensory cues in conflict we analyzed the sensory hierarchy among the electrosensory and the visual sense in object discrimination. Our experiments show that: (i) black ghost knifefish can be trained to solve discrimination tasks similarly to the mormyrid fish; (ii) fish preferentially rely on electrosensory cues for object discrimination; (iii) despite the dominance of the electrosense they still learn the visual cue and use it when electrosensory information is not available; (iv) fish prefer the trained combination of rewarded cues over combinations that match only in a single feature and also memorize the non-rewarded combination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiology-Paris","volume":"110 3","pages":"Pages 182-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.10.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74348953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Electric organ discharges and near-field spatiotemporal patterns of the electromotive force in a sympatric assemblage of Neotropical electric knifefish 新热带电刀鱼共域组合中电器官放电和电动势近场时空模式

Journal of Physiology-Paris Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.10.004

Joseph C. Waddell , Alejo Rodríguez-Cattáneo , Angel A. Caputi , William G.R. Crampton

{"title":"Electric organ discharges and near-field spatiotemporal patterns of the electromotive force in a sympatric assemblage of Neotropical electric knifefish","authors":"Joseph C. Waddell , Alejo Rodríguez-Cattáneo , Angel A. Caputi , William G.R. Crampton","doi":"10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Descriptions of the head-to-tail electric organ discharge (ht-EOD) waveform – typically recorded with electrodes at a distance of approximately 1–2 body lengths from the center of the subject – have traditionally been used to characterize species diversity in gymnotiform electric fish. However, even taxa with relatively simple ht-EODs show spatiotemporally complex fields near the body surface that are determined by site-specific electrogenic properties of the electric organ and electric filtering properties of adjacent tissues and skin. In </span><em>Brachyhypopomus</em>, a pulse-discharging genus in the family Hypopomidae, the regional characteristics of the electric organ and the role that the complex ‘near field’ plays in communication and/or electrolocation are not well known. Here we describe, compare, and discuss the functional significance of diversity in the ht-EOD waveforms and near-field spatiotemporal patterns of the electromotive force (emf-EODs) among a species-rich sympatric community of <em>Brachyhypopomus</em> from the upper Amazon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiology-Paris","volume":"110 3","pages":"Pages 164-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.10.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84709109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Gamma band directional interactions between basal forebrain and visual cortex during wake and sleep states 在清醒和睡眠状态下基底前脑和视觉皮层之间的伽马波段定向相互作用

Journal of Physiology-Paris Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.11.011

Jayakrishnan Nair , Arndt-Lukas Klaassen , Jordan Poirot , Alexei Vyssotski , Björn Rasch , Gregor Rainer

{"title":"Gamma band directional interactions between basal forebrain and visual cortex during wake and sleep states","authors":"Jayakrishnan Nair , Arndt-Lukas Klaassen , Jordan Poirot , Alexei Vyssotski , Björn Rasch , Gregor Rainer","doi":"10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The basal forebrain (BF) is an important regulator of cortical excitability and responsivity to sensory stimuli, and plays a major role in wake-sleep regulation. While the impact of BF on cortical EEG or LFP signals has been extensively documented, surprisingly little is known about LFP activity within BF. Based on bilateral recordings from rats in their home cage, we describe endogenous LFP oscillations in the BF during quiet wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) and slow wave sleep (SWS) states. Using coherence and Granger causality methods, we characterize directional influences between BF and visual cortex (VC) during each of these states. We observed pronounced BF gamma activity particularly during wakefulness, as well as to a lesser extent during SWS and REM. During wakefulness, this BF gamma activity exerted a directional influence on VC that was associated with cortical excitation. During SWS but not REM, there was also a robust directional gamma band influence of BF on VC. In all three states, directional influence in the gamma band was only present in BF to VC direction and tended to be regulated specifically within each brain hemisphere. Locality of gamma band LFPs to the BF was confirmed by demonstration of phase locking of local spiking activity to the gamma cycle. We report novel aspects of endogenous BF LFP oscillations and their relationship to cortical LFP signals during sleep and wakefulness. We link our findings to known aspects of GABAergic BF networks that likely underlie gamma band LFP activations, and show that the Granger causality analyses can faithfully recapitulate many known attributes of these networks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiology-Paris","volume":"110 1","pages":"Pages 19-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.11.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90610655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Nicotinic regulation of experience-dependent plasticity in visual cortex 烟碱对视觉皮层经验依赖可塑性的调节

Journal of Physiology-Paris Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.11.003

Masato Sadahiro, Mari Sajo, Hirofumi Morishita

{"title":"Nicotinic regulation of experience-dependent plasticity in visual cortex","authors":"Masato Sadahiro, Mari Sajo, Hirofumi Morishita","doi":"10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While the cholinergic neuromodulatory system and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) have been appreciated as permissive factors for developmental critical period plasticity in visual cortex, it was unknown why plasticity becomes limited after the critical period even in the presence of massive cholinergic projections to visual cortex. In this review we highlighted the recent progresses that started to shed light on the role of the nicotinic cholinergic neuromodulatory signaling on limiting juvenile form of plasticity in the adult brain. We introduce the Lynx family of proteins and Lynx1 as its representative, as endogenous proteins structurally similar to α-bungarotoxin with the ability to bind and modulate nAChRs to effectively regulate functional and structural plasticity. Remarkably, Lynx family members are expressed in distinct subpopulations of GABAergic interneurons, placing them in unique positions to potentially regulate the convergence of GABAergic and nicotinic neuromodulatory systems to regulate plasticity. Continuing studies of the potentially differential roles of Lynx family of proteins may further our understanding of the fundamentals of molecular and cell type-specific mechanisms of plasticity that we may be able to harness through nicotinic cholinergic signaling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiology-Paris","volume":"110 1","pages":"Pages 29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.11.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77855038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Cholinergic influences on vision 胆碱能对视力的影响

Journal of Physiology-Paris Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.12.001

Elvire Vaucher (Editorial comment)

引用次数: 1

Modulatory compartments in cortex and local regulation of cholinergic tone 皮质的调节室与胆碱能张力的局部调节

Journal of Physiology-Paris Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.08.001

Jennifer J. Coppola , Nicholas J. Ward , Monika P. Jadi , Anita A. Disney

{"title":"Modulatory compartments in cortex and local regulation of cholinergic tone","authors":"Jennifer J. Coppola , Nicholas J. Ward , Monika P. Jadi , Anita A. Disney","doi":"10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neuromodulatory signaling is generally considered broad in its impact across cortex. However, variations in the characteristics of cortical circuits may introduce regionally-specific responses to diffuse modulatory signals. Features such as patterns of axonal innervation, tissue tortuosity and molecular diffusion, effectiveness of degradation pathways, subcellular receptor localization, and patterns of receptor expression can lead to local modification of modulatory inputs. We propose that modulatory compartments exist in cortex and can be defined by variation in structural features of local circuits. Further, we argue that these compartments are responsible for local regulation of neuromodulatory tone. For the cholinergic system, these modulatory compartments are regions of cortical tissue within which signaling conditions for acetylcholine are relatively uniform, but between which signaling can vary profoundly. In the visual system, evidence for the existence of compartments indicates that cholinergic modulation likely differs across the visual pathway. We argue that the existence of these compartments calls for thinking about cholinergic modulation in terms of finer-grained control of local cortical circuits than is implied by the traditional view of this system as a diffuse modulator. Further, an understanding of modulatory compartments provides an opportunity to better understand and perhaps correct signal modifications that lead to pathological states.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiology-Paris","volume":"110 1","pages":"Pages 3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34330200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Dose-dependent effect of donepezil administration on long-term enhancement of visually evoked potentials and cholinergic receptor overexpression in rat visual cortex 多奈哌齐对大鼠视觉皮层视觉诱发电位和胆碱能受体过表达长期增强的剂量依赖性影响

Journal of Physiology-Paris Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.11.010

Mira Chamoun , Marianne Groleau , Menakshi Bhat, Elvire Vaucher

{"title":"Dose-dependent effect of donepezil administration on long-term enhancement of visually evoked potentials and cholinergic receptor overexpression in rat visual cortex","authors":"Mira Chamoun , Marianne Groleau , Menakshi Bhat, Elvire Vaucher","doi":"10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stimulation of the cholinergic system tightly coupled with periods of visual stimulation boosts the processing of specific visual stimuli via muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in terms of intensity, priority and long-term effect. However, it is not known whether more diffuse pharmacological stimulation with donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, is an efficient tool for enhancing visual processing and perception. The goal of the present study was to potentiate cholinergic transmission with donepezil treatment (0.5 and 1mg/kg) during a 2-week visual training to examine the effect on visually evoked potentials and to profile the expression of cholinergic receptor subtypes. The visual training was performed daily, 10min a day, for 2weeks. One week after the last training session, visual evoked potentials were recorded, or the mRNA expression level of muscarinic (M1-5) and nicotinic (α/β) receptors subunits was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. The visual stimulation coupled with any of the two doses of donepezil produced significant amplitude enhancement of cortical evoked potentials compared to pre-training values. The enhancement induced by the 1mg/kg dose of donepezil was spread to neighboring spatial frequencies, suggesting a better sensitivity near the visual detection threshold. The M3, M4, M5 and α7 receptors mRNA were upregulated in the visual cortex for the higher dose of donepezil but not the lower one, and the receptors expression was stable in the somatosensory (non-visual control) cortex. Therefore, higher levels of acetylcholine within the cortex sustain the increased intensity of the cortical response and trigger the upregulation of cholinergic receptors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiology-Paris","volume":"110 1","pages":"Pages 65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.11.010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90341413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Potential roles of cholinergic modulation in the neural coding of location and movement speed 胆碱能调节在定位和运动速度的神经编码中的潜在作用

Journal of Physiology-Paris Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.09.002

Holger Dannenberg, James R. Hinman, Michael E. Hasselmo

{"title":"Potential roles of cholinergic modulation in the neural coding of location and movement speed","authors":"Holger Dannenberg, James R. Hinman, Michael E. Hasselmo","doi":"10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Behavioral data suggest that cholinergic modulation may play a role in certain aspects of spatial memory, and neurophysiological data demonstrate neurons that fire in response to spatial dimensions, including grid cells and place cells that respond on the basis of location and running speed. These neurons show firing responses that depend upon the visual configuration of the environment, due to coding in visually-responsive regions of the neocortex. This review focuses on the physiological effects of acetylcholine that may influence the sensory coding of spatial dimensions relevant to behavior. In particular, the local circuit effects of acetylcholine within the cortex regulate the influence of sensory input relative to internal memory representations via presynaptic inhibition of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission, and the modulation of intrinsic currents in cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons. In addition, circuit effects of acetylcholine regulate the dynamics of cortical circuits including oscillations at theta and gamma frequencies. These effects of acetylcholine on local circuits and network dynamics could underlie the role of acetylcholine in coding of spatial information for the performance of spatial memory tasks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiology-Paris","volume":"110 1","pages":"Pages 52-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77389665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Cell-specific modulation of plasticity and cortical state by cholinergic inputs to the visual cortex 视皮层胆碱能输入对可塑性和皮层状态的细胞特异性调节

Journal of Physiology-Paris Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.11.004

Hiroki Sugihara , Naiyan Chen , Mriganka Sur

引用次数: 18