Journal of Sustainable Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Coffee Yield and Microenvironmental Factors in a Native Tree Agroforestry System in Southeast Minas Gerais, Brazil","authors":"Ricardo B. Santos, L. B. Rodrigues, C. A. Lima, Catalina Jaramillo-Botero","doi":"10.1080/10440046.2011.608468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2011.608468","url":null,"abstract":"In Minas Gerais State, Brazil, some shade coffee production systems presented extremely low yield and have become economically unsustainable for family coffee farmers. In this study, coffee yield and microenvironmental factors in the agroforestry system were associated with tree species and the number of trees at different distances from the coffee shrubs. Forty coffee shrubs were marked, and concentric circles were established around each shrub at distances of 3 m, 5 m, and 7 m. The shade, litterfall, soil moisture, soil P content, and soil K content were determined near the coffee shrubs. Data were analyzed by path coefficient analyses. The number of individual Schizolobium parahyba trees between 0 and 3 m was positively correlated with soil P content, but this species was negatively correlated with coffee yield at all distances. The number of individual of Senna macranthera trees between 3 and 5 m was positively correlated with shading, which was positively correlated with soil moisture and, in turn, positively correlated with coffee yield. The results of this study suggested that growing individual S. macranthera trees between 3 and 5 m from coffee shrubs enhances coffee yield due to shading, which maintains soil moisture longer during the dry season.","PeriodicalId":50032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"36 1","pages":"54 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10440046.2011.608468","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59668865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability Indicators: Providing Policy Indications or Just Adding Informative Chaos?","authors":"A. Yli-Viikari, H. Risku-Norja, J. Aakkula","doi":"10.1080/10440046.2011.611749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2011.611749","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability indicators are currently employed by various organizations. This article focuses on the processes where the interpretation over data is created, and thereby the relevant policy messages articulated. The case study under consideration is a sustainability report by the Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. This report aims at providing key information on assessing the sustainability of natural resource management. An analytical framework is outlined to capture current practices in interpreting indicators, and the efficiency of information is examined by considering the reformulation of strategic goals. The impact of new information was found to be modest. In general, few strategic changes were introduced, and the changes that had been implemented were only loosely connected to the information of the sustainability report. Restrictions of indicators as a tool are outlined and the need for more flexible ways of using information at policy forums is pointed out.","PeriodicalId":50032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"36 1","pages":"127 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10440046.2011.611749","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59669589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnobiology of Munnozia pinnatipartita (Compositae: Liabeae), an Intriguing Weed of Dairy Farms and Its Use as an Herbicide to Convert Pastures into Cloud Forest in the Otonga Reserve in Highland Ecuador","authors":"M. Paoletti, N. Rascio, I. Moro, E. Brugnerotto, G. Onore, C. Tapia, C. Bicchi, J. Pruski","doi":"10.1080/10440046.2011.604247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2011.604247","url":null,"abstract":"During the 1960s and 1970s, a magnificent cloud forest near San Francisco de Las Pampas (near Quito, Ecuador) was converted into dairy farm pastures. One endemic composite plant locally called marco yuyo and identified as Munnozia pinnatipartita, has been considered an undesirable weed by dairy farming campesino communities because it negatively affects the introduced grass pasture and is unsuitable as cattle feed. Concurrently, M. pinnatipartita has also been utilized for its herbicidal properties as a deterrent to grasses in a project promoting cloud forest recovery in the Otonga natural park. The peculiarity of this endemic composite utilized as such a deterrent attracted our interest. Accordingly, we investigated its taxonomy, physiology, ecology, and ethnobiology, and managed to demonstrate its potential allelopathic effect on germinating grasses in greenhouse trials. Furthermore, gas-chromatography of potential volatile metabolites identified 25 compounds and, among these, terpenes seem to be primarily responsible for the observed herbicidal effects.","PeriodicalId":50032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"36 1","pages":"69 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10440046.2011.604247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59669129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Voice for Sustainability from Latin America","authors":"S. Gliessman","doi":"10.1080/10440046.2011.628746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2011.628746","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"36 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10440046.2011.628746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59669599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Organic Farming Policy in Australia: Time to Wipe the Slate Clean?","authors":"S. Wheeler","doi":"10.1080/10440046.2011.604119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2011.604119","url":null,"abstract":"Organic farming has risen in popularity with both farmers and consumers, with Australia having the largest area of certified organic land in the world. Australian governments have traditionally ignored the organic farming sector, while making policies that have hampered its further development. Although policies have become more favorable over time, recently, there has been a slight reversal in approach. Such a reversal in policy makes Australia unique when compared to the pro-organic policy developments in nearly all other developed countries. This article reviews Australian government organic farm policy and outlines key areas where policy changes are necessary in property rights, public extension, research, market based instruments and institutions.","PeriodicalId":50032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"885 - 913"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10440046.2011.604119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59669100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Seed Clubs in Ensuring Local Seed Systems in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam","authors":"H. Tin, Nguyen Hong Cuc, T. T. Be, N. Ignacio, T. Berg","doi":"10.1080/10440046.2011.611746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2011.611746","url":null,"abstract":"The formal seed sector only meets a small proportion of farmers' rice seed requirements in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. To cope with the growing demands, farmers have organized themselves in seed clubs to produce and supply the needed seeds themselves. This study assesses the status of rice seed production and proposes a model of how to ensure adequate seed supply in the Mekong Delta. Data of total seed production, distribution, prices, and used varieties of each crop season was collected from 19 seed stations and 309 seed clubs in all the 13 provinces of the Delta for the whole year of 2008. One hundred sixty none farmers were interviewed about seed demand and supply. Effective demand of seed in the Mekong Delta was about 0.55 million tons/year. The formal seed system met 3.5% and the informal seed system supplied more 16% of needed amounts. The informal system had significantly lower seed prices, but more diversity of rice varieties than the formal seed system. Both seed systems supplied seeds of rice varieties that had not yet been certified by the formal sector. Thus, new varieties were of high demand. Socialization of seed production was recommended to ensure the local seed supply systems for developing sustainable agriculture in the future. Results of this study indicate status of seed demands and supply to improve and link developing among seed systems in the Mekong Delta.","PeriodicalId":50032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"840 - 854"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10440046.2011.611746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59669050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming Food Systems to Sustainability with Agroecology","authors":"S. Gliessman","doi":"10.1080/10440046.2011.611585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2011.611585","url":null,"abstract":"July 10–23, 2011, the 12th Annual International Agroecology Shortcourse took place at the University of California Santa Cruz under the auspices of the Community Agroecology Network (www.CanUnite.org). The course was titled “The Transformation of Food Systems to Sustainability: The California Model.” Representing nine countries and diverse locations in the US ranging from Florida to Alaska and Maine to California, 32 participants and multiple presenters gathered together for an intensive introduction to how agroecology can be a vital and viable approach to redesigning today’s food systems. By presenting the transformation process as a series of transition levels (see JSA vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 1–2), food system change could be seen as not only being necessary, but plausible. With its grounding in ecology and ecosystem thinking, agroecology was cast as the action and change-oriented science that many of us believe is needed to avoid what has recently been called the pending “food crisis.” Rather than rely on more of the technologies that are being billed as the new green revolution, agroecology is an information intensive way of redesigning the food production process so that diversification, interactions, and resiliency all combine to create the emergent quality of sustainability. But it was also clear in the course that farmers alone cannot transform the entire food system. It will also take the full engagement of the folks at the other end of the food chain—the people who eat the food or use other agricultural products. After decades of food system policies and development focused on high yields, aggregation, and concentration, the growers and the eaters have become so isolated and separated that both have been exploited. Growers don’t know who is consuming their products and eaters have no idea who grows their food, how it was grown, or where it was grown. By reconnecting these two most important parts of the food system, the agroecology course showed how, by redeveloping a culture of sustainability, we can complete the transformation process needed to get us there (called Level 4 in the transition process). The course included participant observations on four local organic farms operating at different scales and integration in the food system. We also heard from major food system transformation projects such as the Roots of Change, the Food Commons,","PeriodicalId":50032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"60 1","pages":"823 - 825"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10440046.2011.611585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59668975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Crop Productivity via Weed Suppression in Organic No-Till Cropping Systems in Santa Catarina, Brazil","authors":"M. Altieri, M. Lana, H. Bittencourt, André dos Santos Kieling, J. J. Comin, P. E. Lovato","doi":"10.1080/10440046.2011.588998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2011.588998","url":null,"abstract":"In Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, family farmers modified the conventional no-till system by flattening cover crop mixtures on the soil surface as a strategy to reduce soil erosion and lower fluctuations in soil moisture and temperature, improve soil quality, and enhance weed suppression and crop performance. During 2007 and 2008, we conducted three experiments aimed at understanding the processes and mechanisms at play in successful organic conservation tillage systems (OCT), especially the underpinnings of ecological weed suppression, a key advantage of OCT systems over conventional no-till systems. Our results, as well as farmers observations, suggest that cover crops can enhance weed suppression and hence crop productivity through physical interference and allelopathy and also a host of effects on soil quality, fertility, and soil moisture that we did not measure. Results from the three trials indicate that the best cover crop mixture should include a significant proportion of rye, vetch, and fodder radish as these mixtures produce large biomass, and are readily killed by rolling forming a thick mulch sufficient to provide effective weed control in the subsequent vegetable crop.","PeriodicalId":50032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"855 - 869"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10440046.2011.588998","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59669030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sweetpotato Seed Systems in Uganda, Tanzania, and Rwanda","authors":"S. Namanda, R. Gibson, K. Sindi","doi":"10.1080/10440046.2011.590572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2011.590572","url":null,"abstract":"Surveys were made of the seed systems used in Uganda, Tanzania, and Rwanda and to investigate the reasons underlying them. Along the equator in Uganda, where rainy seasons are evenly spaced and occur twice a year, vine cuttings from mature plants only are used as planting material. Where there is a long dry season, the seed system includes a diversity of means of conservation: the passive production of volunteer plants from groundkeeper roots sprouting when the rains come; small-scale propagation of plants in the shade or backyard production using waste domestic water; and relatively large-scale propagation in wetlands or irrigated land. The last is the only means of obtaining sufficient quantity for sales, but is also the most expensive. Volunteers only produce planting material one or two months after the start of the rains and tend to be regarded as common property; nevertheless, they are an important source of planting material for poorer farmers. Although farmers perceive multiple benefits from planting early, planting material is in short supply at the beginning of the rains and mainly larger scale farmers gain these benefits. Farmers select carefully to avoid using plants with symptoms of virus disease as planting material and may also remove any diseased plants from crops.","PeriodicalId":50032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"870 - 884"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10440046.2011.590572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59669093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board EOV","authors":"S. Gliessman","doi":"10.1080/10440046.2011.617125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2011.617125","url":null,"abstract":"MEXICO BRUCE FERGUSON, Departmento de Agroecologia, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas ROBERTO GARCIA ESPINOSA, Depto. De Fitopatologia, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillos, Texcoco ALBA GONZALEZ JÁCOME, Universidad Iberoamericana, Departamento de Ciencias Sociales y Políticas, Mexico, DF CARLOS GUADARRAMA ZUGASTI, Centro Regional de Huatusco, Universidad Autonoma de Chapingo CRUO/CENIDERCAFFE, Huatusco, Veracruz JUAN JOSE JIMENEZ OSORNIO, PROTROPICO, Facultad de Veterinaria Medicina y Zootecnica, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan HELDA MORALES, Departmento de Agroecologia, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas LAURA TRUJILLO, Centro Regional de Huatusco, Universidad Autonoma de Chapingo CRUO/CENIDERCAFFE, Huatusco, Veracruz","PeriodicalId":50032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"37 Suppl 1 1","pages":"ebi - ebi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10440046.2011.617125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59669596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}