Physical Science International Journal最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Specific Activity Concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K in Soil and Rice Grains from Solid Mineral Mining Sites in Ikwo Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria","authors":"C. Mgbeokwere, O. L. Gbarato, C. P. Ononugbo","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i5803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i5803","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of specific activity concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K in soil and rice grains from solid mineral mining sites in Ikwo area of Ebonyi state was carried out using a Digilert-200 Radiation Meter. The radiological impact of the radionuclides was calculated. The average value concentrations of radionuclides obtained were 170.53, 9.26 and 8.81 (in Bq.Kg-1) for 40K, 238U and 232Th respectively in soil samples and 113.77, 5.86 and 7.08 (in Bq.Kg-1) for 40K, 238U and 232Th respectively in rice grain. These values are below the world permissive value of 400, 35 and 30(in Bq.Kg-1) respectively. All the health risk parameters calculated in soil and rice were below world permissive values. For the radionuclides in rice samples, the average annual committed effective doses(in mSvy-1) for ages (<1 year), (1 – 7 years), (7 – 12 years), (12 – 17 years) and (>17 years) are 0.37, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02 respectively. These results are less than the world permissive value of 1.00 mSvy-1. Generally, the study shows that the rice consumption was relatively safe radiologically with little contamination which could be attributed to human activities but there is tendency for long term health hazards in future such as the cancer due to doses accumulation. It is recommended that the various human activities that raise the activity concentration in soil in Ikwo mining area that should be reduced. The activity concentration of radionuclides level in the area should be periodically assessed.","PeriodicalId":499891,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concatenation of Two Different Integrable Systems is Not Integrable","authors":"Béla Erdélyi","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i5802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i5802","url":null,"abstract":"Aims/Objectives: Nonlinear, completely integrable Hamiltonian systems representing charged particle motion in external electromagnetic fields hold promise for models of novel intensity frontier particle accelerators. The main reason is the combination of large regions of stable orbits with damping of collective instabilities by conservative relaxation. Intensity frontier particle accelerators are essential for discovery science in particle and nuclear physics, and a host of industrial and security applications.Study Design: Mathematical proof.Methodology: Tools of Hamiltonian dynamics and differential geometry.Results: Realistic system lattices include additional sections or inserts that themselves may be integrable (such as linear optics, phase trombones, thin lenses, kicks, etc.). However, in general the full system fails to remain integrable.Conclusion: The non-integrability proof is presented and some consequences of integrability failure are explored.","PeriodicalId":499891,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Activity Levels 226ra, 232th and 40k in some Soil Samples of Federal Polytechnic Kaltungo Main Campus Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry","authors":"Sunday H. Sarki, Lullah-Deh A. Japhet, Daniel H. Isaac, Abdullahi A. Kassimu, Davou D. Habila","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i5801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i5801","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an investigation on radioactivity level of radioactive elements within Federal Polytechnic Kaltungo Main Campus. A total of forty (40) soil samples were analyzed using Gamma-Ray Spectrometry of 76×76mmNaI (TI) detector crystal with radioactivity activity concentration of potassium (40K), Radium (226Ra) and Thorium (232Th) were determined within the study area. Results obtained showed the highest activity concentration of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th from locations AB3 (898.7365 Bq/kg), AB3 (107.7457 Bq/kg) and AB2 (243.1510 Bq/kg) respectively. The mean activity of 206.7681 Bq/kg obtained for 40K was seen to be lower than the world average of 420 Bq/kg while the mean activity concentrations of 232Th (95.393 Bq/kg) was above the world average of 50 Bq/kg. These upshots could be attributed to the presence of mountains which surround the polytechnic and the quarry activity taking place close to the polytechnic. Equally, Thorium. 226 Ra also had a lowest mean activity concentration of 43.8600 Bq/kg, which is also lower than the world average of 370 Bq/kg. In-situ dose rate measurement of the study area was also carried out using a Radiation Alert Inspector meter and the background radiation reading obtained was seen to fall within a range of 0.11µsv/hr - 0.21µsv/hr, which did not exceed the 1mSv/yr as recommended by National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP).","PeriodicalId":499891,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136155218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Groundwater Potential Zone Using Geophysical and Geospatial Technology in Akuku-Toru Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Erefama Ekine Esonanjor, Bright Ukachukwu Amechi, Arobo Raymond Chinoye Amakiri","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i5800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i5800","url":null,"abstract":"Background of the Study: The study area is located within four communities in Akuku-Toru Local Government Area, which is a coastal region within the Niger Delta. The study area is heavily reliant on groundwater for domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes. The hydrogeological dynamics of the area are complex, with diverse geological formations and intricate subsurface structures. As a result, an innovative and integrated approach is necessary for effective groundwater management. The study investigated the potential of groundwater resources in the study area and identification of fresh water zones using electrical resistivity, remote sensing, and GIS which employs geophysical surveys, remote sensing techniques, and geospatial analysis to explore the interplay between aquifer characteristics, geological formations, and topographical attributes. The fresh water zones are regions with low saline content.&#x0D; Aim: This study aims to assess groundwater potential in some parts of Akuku-Toru Local Government Area by integrating the geophysical data from Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) surveys with geospatial analysis from GIS and Remote Sensing Technology. The research seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of groundwater availability and its correlation with geophysical and geospatial parameters.&#x0D; Study Design: A thorough methodology was employed to investigate the possibility of freshwater resources in the study area. The approach involved gathering Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data from 8 locations, as well as incorporating geospatial data such as elevation, drainage density, geology, apparent resistivity, and slope maps. The collected data underwent rigorous processing, correlation analysis, and reclassification to explore the potential of freshwater resources in the study area.&#x0D; Place and Duration of the Study: The research was conducted in four communities (Abonnema, Ekulama, Jacobkiri and Belema) within the Akuku-Toru Local Government Area over a span of 18months. The area's hydrogeological context and topographical features are investigated to determine groundwater potential zones.&#x0D; Methods: The research utilized the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method to obtain aquifer resistivity data, reflecting subsurface Lithological variations. Geospatial analysis involved accessing elevation and drainage density patterns. Correlation analysis was also performed to link the geophysical and geospatial data with qualitative interpretations, facilitating the assignment of numerical values representing groundwater potential zones.&#x0D; Results: The Correlation analysis revealed insightful patterns. Aquifer resistivity, elevation and slope were identified as influential parameter affecting groundwater potential. The geology of the study area, categorized into dominant formations, exhibited varying degrees of potential for freshwater resources. The Correlation of geophysical and geospatial data provided a comprehen","PeriodicalId":499891,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135014326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medium and Waves Clarifying Fundamental Physics","authors":"L. Gerard Van Willigenburg, Willem L. De Koning","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i4799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i4799","url":null,"abstract":"Although quantum theory, relativity and gravity provide excellent predictions of observations in their corresponding domains, a qualitative understanding of these three pillars of fundamental physics and their connection, is still very much lacking. As shown in this paper, by considering a medium (ether) in three-dimensional Euclidean space, representing potential energy, and waves in this medium representing all physical objects and phenomena, all three can be much better connected and understood. All waves move with the velocity of light c which is only approximately constant because it is assumed to depend on medium density. From this medium with waves model of physics, three delusions obscuring fundamental physics are identified. These prevent connecting relativity, gravity and quantum theory and obscure their qualitative understanding. As to the quantitative understanding, the waves are shown to connect to the mathematics of relativity and gravity. In connecting to the mathematics of quantum theory, a specific type of wave, called luminal waves, is shown to have a huge advantage. On the other hand, this type of wave is shown to reside at a less fundamental level than a second type of wave that is also considered in this paper.","PeriodicalId":499891,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135436997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Recycled Aggregates of Concrete and Bricks in the Central Region of Burkina Faso","authors":"Boukari Sawadogo, Bernard Gouba","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i4798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i4798","url":null,"abstract":"Aggregates used in the construction of civil engineering works have an impact on the properties of concrete. For several years the central region is famous because of the effects of extraction of natural aggregates on the environment. We conducted laboratory tests on several recycled aggregates of concrete and bricks to determine their mechanical properties. This choice was guided by a concern to identify and analyze the characteristics of natural and recycled aggregates of concretes that impact the properties of concrete on the one hand and to show the importance of increased use of recycled aggregates in concrete production to better preserve the environment and move towards sustainable development moreover. To better understand the qualities of these aggregates, it is necessary for us to carry out experimental tests in the laboratory.&#x0D; The objective also guided the choice of the different types of recycled aggregates selected for the measurement of mechanical properties in the central region: Crushed Natural Gravel, Rolled Natural Gravel, Crushed Recycled Gravel, Recycled Spinning Gravel, Alluvionary Natural Sands, Recycled Brick Sands.&#x0D; The results show that recycled aggregates of concrete and bricks in the central region can be used for high-quality concretes on the one hand and reduce the impact of artisanal extraction of non-recycled aggregates on the environment on the other hand.&#x0D; In short, we retain that the characteristics of recycled aggregates are a function of the rate of mortar gangues glued to the mother aggregates.","PeriodicalId":499891,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compliance Verification of Photovoltaic Solar Components: The Case of the Laboratory for Quality Control of Photovoltaic Solar Components (LCQS) in Senegal","authors":"P. W. Tavares, A. Ndeck, N. Mbengue, A. Sarr, B. Mbow, I. Youm","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i1778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i1778","url":null,"abstract":"Africa is a region rich in natural resources but some of its regions are landlocked and the potential exists for significant regional trade. However, integration and trade in the region remains limited despite the efforts of regional institutions to encourage this integration. In general, the quality of goods traded and collected is rather low, import controls are too strict and trade procedures are dexterously cumbersome. Governments create the conditions and rules for the functioning of markets and private enterprises and ensure the well-being of communities and individuals. It is in this context of consumer protection that quality assurance is important. In the case of solar photovoltaic components, these checks are carried out by conformity tests carried out in a laboratory. Our compliance tests were carried out at the Laboratory for Quality Control of Solar photovoltaic components (LCQS) of the Centre for Renewable Energy Studies and Research (CERER) at the Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar (UCAD). The study of the modules focuses on the electrical performance characteristics in the case of short circuit current, open circuit voltage, form factor, maximum power, current and voltage (I-V) and voltage power (P-V). The study of the controllers concerns the efficiency of charge and discharge, here the average efficiency in charge is 96.45% and that in landfill is 96.11%.","PeriodicalId":499891,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135641549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diurnal Analysis of the Performance of Photovoltaic Systems under the Guinea Savannah Atmosphere in Ogoja, Cross Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Armstrong O. Njok, Effiong A. Archibong, Gertrude A. Fischer","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i1767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i1767","url":null,"abstract":"A thorough experimental investigation was carried out to diurnally analyze the performance of photovoltaic systems deployed for domestic purposes under the guinea savannah atmosphere in Ogoja, Cross River State, Nigeria. In this study, the time of day to expect maximum efficiency from the photovoltaic (PV) module is shown, and the time of day that the panel temperature will exceed it maximum operating cell temperature is also shown. Instruments employed in the process include a digital solar power meter, digital hygrometer, digital infrared gun thermometer and a digital high precision photovoltaic panel maximum power point tracker (MPPT) to track and determine the maximum power, voltage and current produced by the photovoltaic module. The result shows that the highest level of efficiency was attained at 14:30 which reveals that the climatic condition which occurs at 14:30 is the most favorable for PV systems deployed for domestic purposes at the location. The study shows that 42% and 400C is the best relative humidity and PV temperature level for optimum PV efficiency at this location. In addition, the temperature of the study location appears encouraging as on average, the panel temperature will rarely exceed the maximum operating cell temperature for months besides January and march in which a cooling mechanism to regulate the panel temperature may be needed to avoid a massive loss in efficiency. An altitude of 85m above sea level makes the location relatively favorable for receiving intense solar radiation. With 90% efficiency assured, the location can be seen as suitable for generating electricity via PV technology and installing solar farms for commercial purposes.","PeriodicalId":499891,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135789174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}