Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Surgical debulking of large ventricular fibromas in children.","authors":"Ajami Gikandi, Peter Chiu, Jordan Secor, Meena Nathan, Edward O'Leary, Edward Walsh, Tal Geva, Rebecca Beroukhim, Pedro Del Nido","doi":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.05.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.05.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to provide an update on the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, operative strategies, and midterm outcomes in children undergoing ventricular fibroma resection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing ventricular fibroma resection between 2000 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 52 patients, median age at surgery was 2.0 years (interquartile range, 0.8-4.6) and median tumor volume index was 69 mL/m² (interquartile range, 49-169). Tumor distorted the atrioventricular valve/subvalvar apparatus in 30 patients (58%) and abutted major epicardial coronary arteries in 41 patients (79%). Surgery was indicated for arrythmia (n = 45, 86%), symptoms (n = 14, 27%), or hemodynamic compromise (n = 11, 21%). Tumor was debulked in 34 patients (65%), including the last 21 patients. Concomitant atrioventricular valvuloplasty was performed in 18 patients and ventricular cavity closure in 15 patients (29%). During a median follow-up of 2.4 years (interquartile range, 0.8-6.2), there was no mortality, cardiac arrests, heart transplants, or single ventricle palliation. The 15-year risk of reoperation and clinical ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation was 6.7% (95% CI, 0-14.3) and 2.4% (95% CI, 0-7.2), respectively. On latest imaging, pre- and postdebulking left ventricular ejection fraction did not significantly differ (P = .069), whereas no patients had signs of outflow tract obstruction, inflow tract obstruction, or moderate or greater atrioventricular valve regurgitation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Large ventricular fibromas can be resected safely with appropriate surgical planning and an emphasis on debulking. Most children maintain left ventricular function and remain free of recurrent ventricular arrhythmias at follow-up. Extended follow-up is warranted to understand whether patients remain at risk for scar-based ventricular arrhythmias in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":49975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"186-194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonizing guidelines and other clinical practice documents: A joint comprehensive methodology manual by the American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS), European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS), and Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS).","authors":"Milan Milojevic, Nick Freemantle, J W Awori Hayanga, Rosemary F Kelly, Patrick O Myers, René Horsleben Petersen, Isabelle Opitz, Joseph F Sabik, Faisal G Bakaeen","doi":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.07.048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.07.048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"170-185"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status of surgical treatment for acute aortic dissection in Japan: Nationwide database analysis.","authors":"Hitoshi Ogino, Hiraku Kumamaru, Noboru Motomura, Toshiki Fujiyoshi, Yusuke Shimahara, Nobuyoshi Azuma, Naoko Kinukawa, Yuichi Ueda, Yutaka Okita","doi":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.11.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.11.044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To clarify the current status of surgical treatment of acute aortic dissection (AAD) in Japan through the Japan Cardiovascular Database analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 7194 patients who underwent surgical treatment for AAD in 2021, including type A (TAAAD) (n = 6416) and type B (TBAAD) (n = 778), were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age was 70 years, with patients older than age 80 years constituting 21.7% and 23.4% of TAAAD and TBAAD cases. Emergency admission was 88.5% and 78.5%. Shock was found in 11.8% and 6.0%. Rupture/impending rupture occurred in 10.7%/6.0% and 24.0%/11.1%, respectively. Branch malperfusion was complicated in 10.4% and 25.2%. Open repairs were performed in 97.7% and 20.3%, whereas endovascular repairs were performed in 2.3% and 79.7%, respectively. In the increased prevalence of endografting procedures, neurological complications and renal failure occurred frequently after open repair with frozen elephant trunk for 29.9% and 50.3%. The operative mortality rate was 9.8% and 11.5% for open repair and 8.1% and 10.0% for endovascular repair. In patients with TAAAD, age older than 80 years, preoperative critical comorbidities, classical dissection, and coexisting chronic vital organ diseases were independent risk factors for mortality. In frozen elephant trunk procedures, neurologic complications and renal failure were frequent. The operative mortality was higher during the superacute phase within 1 or 2 hours from onset to arrival and between arrival and surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current status of surgical treatments for AAD including the increased prevalence of endografting of thoracic endovascular aortic repair and frozen elephant trunk were demonstrated with favorable outcomes in the Japan Cardiovascular Database analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":49975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"11-23.e1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138500018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term outcomes after recurrent acute thoracic aortic dissection: Insights from the International Registry of Aortic Dissection.","authors":"Takuya Ogami, George J Arnaoutakis, Eric M Isselbacher, Guillaume S C Geuzebroek, Joseph S Coselli, Carlo De Vincentiis, Clayton A Kaiser, Stuart Hutchison, Qing-Guo Li, Derek R Brinster, Bradley G Leshnower, Derek Serna-Gallegos, Chih-Wen Pai, Bradley S Taylor, Himanshu J Patel, Kim A Eagle, Ibrahim Sultan","doi":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.03.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.03.029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>With an aging population and advancements in imaging, recurrence of thoracic aortic dissection is becoming more common.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients enrolled in the International Registry of Aortic Dissection from 1996 to 2023 with type A and type B acute aortic dissection were identified. Among them, initial dissection and recurrent dissection were discerned. The study period was categorized into 3 eras: historic era, 1996 to 2005; middle era, 2006 to 2015; most recent era, 2016 to 2023. Propensity score matching was applied between initial dissection and recurrent dissection. Outcome of interests included long-term survival and cumulative incidence of major aortic events defined by the composite of reintervention, aortic rupture, and new dissection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of recurrent dissection increased from 5.9% in the historic era to 8.0% in the most recent era in the entire dissection cohort. In patients with type A dissection, propensity score matching between initial dissection and recurrent dissection yielded 326 matched pairs. Kaplan-Meier curves showed similar long-term survival between the 2 groups. However, the cumulative incidence of major aortic events was significantly higher in the recurrent dissection group (40.3% ± 6.2% vs 17.8% ± 5.1% at 4 years in the initial dissection group, P = .02). For type B dissection, 316 matched pairs were observed after propensity score matching. Long-term survival and the incidence of major aortic events were equivalent between the 2 groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The case volume of recurrent dissection or the ability to detect recurrent dissection has increased over time. Acute type A recurrent dissection was associated with a higher risk of major aortic events than initial dissection. Further judicious follow-up may be crucial after type A recurrent dissection.</p>","PeriodicalId":49975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1-10.e4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of pulmonary vascular disease associated with congenital left-to-right shunts: A single-center experience.","authors":"Hythem Nawaytou, Ramya Lakkaraju, Leah Stevens, Vadiyala Mohan Reddy, Naveen Swami, Roberta L Keller, David F Teitel, Jeffrey R Fineman","doi":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study objective was to describe the course and outcomes of children under 18 years of age, with left-to-right shunts and pulmonary arterial hypertension undergoing 1 of 2 management approaches: pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment before left-to-right shunt repair (Treat First) and left-to-right shunt repair first with or without subsequent pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment (Repair First).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective single-center study, conducted from September 2015 to September 2021, of children with left-to-right shunts and pulmonary arterial hypertension (defined as indexed pulmonary vascular resistance ≥ 4 Wood units [WU]∗m²) but without Eisenmenger physiology. Patient characteristics, longitudinal hemodynamics data, pulmonary arterial hypertension management, left-to-right shunt repair, and outcomes were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 768 patients evaluated for left-to-right shunt closure, 51 (6.8%) had left-to-right shunts associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (median age 1.1 [0.37-5] years, median indexed pulmonary vascular resistance 6 [5.2-8.7] WU∗m²). In the \"Treat First\" group (n = 33, 65%), 27 patients (82%) underwent left-to-right shunt closure and 6 patients (18%) did not respond to pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy and did not undergo left-to-right shunt closure. In the \"Repair First\" group (n = 18, 35%), 12 patients (67%) received pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy and 6 patients (33%) did not. Mortality rates were 6% in the \"Treat First\" group and 11% in \"Repair First\" group with follow-ups of 3.4 and 2.5 years, respectively. After left-to-right shunt closure, there was no significant change in indexed pulmonary vascular resistance over a median follow-up of 2 years after surgery (P = .77).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In children with left-to-right shunts and associated pulmonary arterial hypertension, treatment with pulmonary arterial hypertension-targeted therapy before defect repair does not appear to endanger the subjects and may have some benefit. The response to pulmonary arterial hypertension-targeted therapy before shunt closure persists 2 to 3 years postclosure, providing valuable insights into the long-term management of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":49975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"231-241.e2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentator Discussion: Reproductive rights legislation impacts cardiothoracic surgery training options.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.08.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.08.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"340-341"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive rights legislation influences cardiothoracic surgery training options.","authors":"Anastasiia K Tompkins, Aron Egelko, Natalie Florescu, Mara Antonoff, Cherie P Erkmen","doi":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.07.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.07.035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Training in cardiothoracic surgery coincides with a time when many plan their families. Many choose to delay childbearing until the end of training, 33% of women and 20% of men reported using assisted reproductive technology (ART). States have varying laws regarding abortion and ART, which can influence these decisions. Our purpose was to elucidate the intersection of such laws and the training positions available in cardiothoracic surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified abortion laws, abortion laws regarding insurance coverage, personhood laws that potentially influence ART, and insurance coverage of ART using publicly available data. We created choropleth maps with cardiothoracic surgery training positions identified using the National Resident Matching Program Match data for 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that 29.4% of cardiothoracic surgery programs (47 out of 160) are situated in states with abortion restrictions. Of 48 integrated training positions, 10 are in states with abortion restrictions. Similarly, 32 of 95 traditional thoracic positions and 5 of 17 congenital positions are in states abortion restrictions. A total of 25.6% of cardiothoracic training programs reside in states that grant personhood before birth, potentially affecting ART. Insurance coverage for abortion and ART are variable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Valuing reproductive rights like access to abortion, insurance coverage, and ART can potentially influence training opportunities in cardiothoracic surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":49975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"327-339"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning and decision making in aortic arch repair.","authors":"Rashmi Nedadur, Nitish Bhatt, Jennifer Chung, Michael W A Chu, Maral Ouzounian, Bo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.11.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.11.032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Decision making during aortic arch surgery regarding cannulation strategy and nadir temperature are important in reducing risk, and there is a need to determine the best individualized strategy in a data-driven fashion. Using machine learning (ML), we modeled the risk of death or stroke in elective aortic arch surgery based on patient characteristics and intraoperative decisions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study cohort comprised 1323 patients from 9 institutions who underwent an elective aortic arch procedure between 2002 and 2021. A total of 69 variables were used in developing a logistic regression and XGBoost ML model trained for binary classification of mortality and stroke. Shapely additive explanations (SHAP) values were studied to determine the importance of intraoperative decisions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 3.9% of patients died and 5.4% experienced stroke. XGBoost (area under the curve [AUC], 0.77 for death, 0.87 for stroke) demonstrated better discrimination than logistic regression (AUC, 0.65 for death, 0.75 for stroke). From SHAP analysis, intraoperative decisions are 3 of the top 20 predictors of death and 6 of the top 20 predictors of stroke. Predictor weights are patient-specific and reflect the patient's preoperative characteristics and other intraoperative decisions. Patient-level simulation also demonstrates the variable contribution of each decision in the context of the other choices that are made.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using ML, we can more accurately identify patients at risk of death and stroke, as well as the strategy that better reduces the risk of adverse events compared to traditional prediction models. Operative decisions made may be tailored based on a patient's specific characteristics, allowing for maximized, personalized benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":49975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"59-67.e4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138452965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair in patients with a previous myocardial infarction.","authors":"Kyle W Blackburn, Allen Kuncheria, Trung Nguyen, Ahmed Khouqeer, Susan Y Green, Marc R Moon, Scott A LeMaire, Joseph S Coselli","doi":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.09.071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.09.071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Many patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair have had a previous myocardial infarction (MI). To address the paucity of data regarding outcomes in such patients, we aimed to compare outcomes after open TAAA repair in patients with and without previous MI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 1986 to 2022, we performed 3737 consecutive open TAAA repairs. Of these, 706 (18.9%) were in patients with previous MI. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of operative death. Propensity score matching analyzed preoperative and select operative variables to create matched groups of patients with or without a previous MI (n = 704 pairs). Late survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared by log rank test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, operative mortality was 8.5% and the adverse event rate was 15.2%; these were elevated in patients with MI (11.0% vs 7.9% [P = .01] and 18.0% vs 14.6% [P = .02], respectively). In the propensity score-matching cohort, the MI group had a greater rate of cardiac complications (32.4% vs 25.4%; P = .005) and delayed paraparesis (5.1% vs 2.4%; P = .1); however, there was no difference in operative mortality (11.1% vs 10.9%; P = 1) or adverse event rate (18.0% vs 16.8%; P = .6). Overall, previous MI was not independently associated with operative mortality in multivariable analysis (P = .1). The matched MI group trended toward poorer 10-year survival (29.8% ± 1.9% non-MI vs 25.0% ± 1.8% MI; P = .051).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although previous MI was not associated with early mortality after TAAA repair, patients with a previous MI had greater rates of cardiac complications and delayed paraparesis. Patients with a previous MI also trended toward poorer survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":49975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"38-48.e10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41160359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical and endoscopic management of clinical T1b esophageal cancer.","authors":"Oluwaseun F Ayoade, Maureen E Canavan, Will P De Santis, Peter L Zhan, Daniel J Boffa","doi":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.06.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Esophageal cancers that invade the submucosa (T1b) have increased risk for occult lymph node metastases. To avoid the morbidity and recovery from esophagectomy, patients with cT1bN0 tumors have been increasingly managed endoscopically. We hypothesized that tumor attributes could predict upstaging and outcome associated with surgical and endoscopic treatment. Our objective was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of esophagectomy across different cT1bN0 tumor attributes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Treatment-naïve patients who underwent endoscopic management or esophagectomy for a clinical stage cT1bN0 esophageal cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2018 in the National Cancer Database were identified. Factors associated with upstaging were assessed by logistic regression. Adjusted survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis of 528 propensity-matched pairs and accelerated time failure models, stratified across tumor attributes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 1469 patients classified as cT1bN0 were identified; 926 underwent esophagectomy and 543 were managed endoscopically. In general, patients who were managed endoscopically were older (median, 71; interquartile range, 63-78; vs 66; interquartile range, 60-72; P < .0001) with smaller tumors compared with the patients who were managed with esophagectomy. Nodal upstaging was associated with lymphovascular invasion (odds ratio [OR], 6.88; confidence interval [CI], 4.39-10.77; P < .0001), poor tumor differentiation (OR, 2.77; CI, 1.30-5.88; P = .0081), and tumor size >1 cm (OR, 3.19; CI, 1.49-6.83, P = .0028). Overall survival was better among propensity-matched patients who underwent esophagectomy (5-year 68.4% vs 59.7% endoscopic, P < .001). However, accelerated time failure models suggested similar outcomes among patients with well-differentiated tumors managed surgically or endoscopically.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Esophagectomy was associated with improved survival for cT1bN0 esophageal cancer; however, endoscopic treatment may achieve similar survival in patients with favorable tumor attributes. Further study is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":49975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"279-288.e5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}