Malacologia最新文献

{"title":"Environmental Emergency: Why Did the False Mussel Mytilopsis sallei Not Invade Darwin Harbour, Australia?","authors":"F. Wells","doi":"10.4002/040.062.0205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4002/040.062.0205","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT No introduced marine pests, also known as invasive marine species, were detected in a dry season survey in August 1998 in Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory, Australia. A postwet-season survey in March 1999 found extensive populations of the false mussel Mytilopsis sallei (Récluz, 1849) in the Cullen Bay Marina. An environmental emergency was declared and M. sallei were eliminated. The present paper examines possible reasons for the failure of M. sallei to establish outside Cullen Bay. Mytilopsis sallei is a fresh/brackish water species that naturally lives in low salinities. It is hypothesized that the osmotic shock of rapid movement from low salinity water in Cullen Bay to much higher salinities outside the marina killed the veligers when they were discharged through the entrance lock when it was opened to allow vessel movements. If it entered the harbour, M. sallei could possibly have established in low salinity water in the arms leading into the harbour and possibly have spread in northern Australia.","PeriodicalId":49895,"journal":{"name":"Malacologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43409581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nomenclature of Genus-Group Names of Recent Asian Paludomidae (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea), with a Revision of Paludomus (Odontochasma) Stomatodon (Benson, 1862) from the Western Ghats, India","authors":"M. Neiber, M. Glaubrecht","doi":"10.4002/040.062.0209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4002/040.062.0209","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Oriental region is among the world's biologically most diverse regions, but also among the most biotically threatened, especially with regard to freshwater biota. The Cerithioidea comprise several families and are a major component of the freshwater gastropod fauna in the Oriental region. Among these, the Paludomidae include numerous taxa mostly described in the 19thcentury that are in many cases badly in need of revision. As an initial step towards a better understanding of the evolutionary systematics of the family, we here review the genus-group taxonomy and nomenclature of Asian Paludomidae. We show that Paludomus Swainson, 1840, Philopotamis Layard, 1855, Ganga Layard, 1855, and Odontochasma Tomlin, 1930, are available names for morphology-based genus-group taxa of Asian Paludomidae. By selection of Melania modicella I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851, as type species of Rivulina I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851, and by the designation of a neotype for Paludomus (Hemimitra) retusa Swainson, 1840, Rivulina and Hemimitra Swainson, 1840, can both be regarded as synonyms of Paludomus s. str. By selection of Paludomus sulcatus Reeve, 1847, as its type species, Heteropoma Benson, 1856, becomes an objective junior synonym of Philopotamis Layard, 1855. Furthermore, we show that the type species of Tanalia Gray, 1847, which has often been used for a subdivision of Paludomus or as a distinct genus, belongs to the Neritidae and that Odontochasma Tomlin, 1930, has been validly proposed as a replacement name for the preoccupied name Stomatodon Benson, 1862. Finally, we revise Paludomus (Odontochasma) stomatodon Benson, 1862, on the basis of available type material, describe its radula for the first time, and compare it with published data on radulae of other Asian paludomids. Taxonomic redundancy in the genus-group in Asian Paludomidae is estimated to be 50% and may be as high as 88% depending on taxonomic opinion.","PeriodicalId":49895,"journal":{"name":"Malacologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48405509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Through the Looking-Glass: Shell Morphology, Anatomy and Mating Behavior of Reversed Pomacea Canaliculata (Caenogastropoda, Ampullariidae)","authors":"N. Tamburi, S. Burela, Martín A. Carrizo, P. Martín","doi":"10.4002/040.062.0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4002/040.062.0201","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Snails exhibit a primary left-right asymmetry that appears during the first cleavages of the eggs, and a secondary asymmetry, related to the coiling of the shell. Most species are constituted by either dextral or sinistral morphs (enantiomorphs) while individuals with reversed primary asymmetry are extremely rare. Freshwater snails of the family Ampullariidae are normally dextral enantiomorphs with planispiral, hyperstrophic or orthostrophic shells. Pomacea canaliculata, a well-studied species because of its invasive status, shows dextral primary asymmetry and orthostrophic growth that results in clock-wise shells. Despite the great number of studies focused on P. canaliculata, only two specimens with reversed asymmetry have been hitherto reported. Here we report the finding of two live snails and three empty shells of P. canaliculata with anti-clockwise coiling that appeared in two populations from the southern Pampas, Argentina. Both anti-clockwise live snails were males that attempted to copulate with clock-wise females in the laboratory but failed to inseminate them. The apex of anti-clockwise shells and the anatomy of the snails revealed that the reversal of coiling was due to an orthostrophic development of sinistral enantiomorphs. Morphological analysis performed through geometric morphometrics did not find other differences with clock-wise snails other than coiling direction. We conclude that these anti-clockwise snails are probably engendered, as in other snails species, when the mother is a recessive homozygote for reversing alleles that show delayed maternal inheritance. The chances of establishment of populations with dimorphic asymmetry are very low because of the reproductive disadvantages of anti-clockwise individuals.","PeriodicalId":49895,"journal":{"name":"Malacologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42037226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ongoing Westward Expansion of the Carpathian Blue Slug Bielzia coerulans into Central Europe","authors":"B. Hausdorf, M. Würmli","doi":"10.4002/040.062.0212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4002/040.062.0212","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing traffic and trade, the modification of landscapes by humans, and climate change facilitate the dispersal of certain species that are adapted to anthropogenic habitats. When species’ natural dispersal limitations are overridden by human-mediated dispersal, the composition of communities can be determined by the prevailing climate, rather than reflecting biogeographic realms, as has been shown for terrestrial snails (Capinha et al., 2015). The size of a species’ native range affects the probability that it will become invasive (Pyšek et al., 2009). Thus, endemic species with small geographic ranges rarely become invasive. Here we report a new record of the Carpathian blue slug Bielzia coerulans (Bielz, 1851) (Gastropoda: Limacidae) from the Bavarian Forest in Germany, which together with other records might indicate an ongoing expansion of this characteristic representative of the Carpathian fauna westward. The discovery of Bielzia coerulans was a fortuitous result of entomological excursions in the Bavarian Forest in southern Germany. The identification of the species was based on the external morphology (Fig. 1) in accordance with characteristics given by Wiktor (1989) and Wiese & von Glasow (2013). A single adult specimen of the Carpathian blue slug Bielzia coerulans (Fig. 1) was discovered under a large stone in the nature reserve “Pfahl bei der Ruine Weißenstein” about 800 m southeast of Regen-Weißenstein (48°56’38.87”N, 13°09’29.16”E), at 710 m a.s.l., in the Bavarian Forest in Germany on 9 August 2017 by the second author. The specimen was immediately identified by its characteristic blue colour and recorded. Further searching did not result in the discovery of additional specimens. MALACOLOGIA, 2019, 62(2): 373–375","PeriodicalId":49895,"journal":{"name":"Malacologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41637372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructure of Sperm Development and Mature Sperm Morphology in Spondylus calcifer and S. Princeps (Bivalvia: Spondylidae)","authors":"M. Villalejo-Fuerte, M. A. Camacho-Mondragón, B. Ceballos-Vázquez, E. O. López-Villegas, Esther Uría-Galicia, M. Arellano-Martínez","doi":"10.4002/040.062.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4002/040.062.0102","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The entire spermatogenesis process and the presence of accessory cells in sperm development in Spondylus princeps Broderip, 1833, and S. calcifer Carpenter, 1857, were described for the first time. Spermatogenesis in both species showed similar anatomical and ultrastructural features. The testis contained amoeboid somatic cells inside the acini, frequently associated with developing gametes. Overall, spermatogenesis followed the typical pattern reported for other bivalve species, except for a few specific details. In S. princeps, intercellular bridges between spermatogonia, as well as one spermatocyte with seven mitochondria were observed. Both species had mature sperm of the ect-aquasperm type, consisting of a head, which contains a spherical-pyriform nucleus and a conical acrosome bounded by two regions of different density, four spherical mitochondria and two centrioles in the middle piece; the flagellum showed a standard 9 + 2 microtubule arrangement.","PeriodicalId":49895,"journal":{"name":"Malacologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4002/040.062.0102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41725711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Levels of Genetic and Morphological Variability in Invasive Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) Populations in South America","authors":"M. Duarte, A. Otegui, F. Fernandes, E. P. Silva","doi":"10.4002/040.062.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4002/040.062.0106","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Five populations of the invasive species Limnoperna fortunei were studied using polymorphic molecular (nine allozyme loci) and morphological (11 traits) markers in order to understand the patterns of genetic and morphological variability, structure and dispersion dynamics of this species in South America. High levels of genetic variability were found in South American invasive populations, and significant deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg proportions clearly indicated that the invasion process is still under way, probably by means other than natural migration.","PeriodicalId":49895,"journal":{"name":"Malacologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4002/040.062.0106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43393309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Phylogenetic Overview of the Genus Vertigo O. F. Müller, 1773 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Pupillidae: Vertigininae)","authors":"J. Nekola, S. Chiba, Brian F. Coles, C. Drost, T. Proschwitz, M. Horsák","doi":"10.4002/040.062.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4002/040.062.0104","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We document global phylogenetic pattern in the pupillid land snail genus Vertigo by analyses of nDNA (ITS1 and ITS2) and mtDNA (CytB and 16S) sequence from 424 individuals representing 91 putative specific and subspecific Vertigo taxa. nDNA and mtDNA data were separately subjected to neighbor-joining, minimum evolution, maximum likelihood and Bayesian reconstruction methods, with conclusions being drawn from shared topological structures. Six highly supported, reciprocally monophyletic subgeneric level clades were identified: Vertigo, Alaea, Boreovertigo new subgenus, Isthmia, Staurodon and Vertilla. 88 species or subspecies were also confirmed, nine of which are new and formally described herein: V. beringiana, V. chiricahuensis, V. chytryi, V. genesioides, V. kodamai, V. kurilensis, V. lilljeborgi vinlandica, V. pimuensis and V. pisewensis. Thirteen taxa were synonymized: V. arthuri basidens, V. arthuri hubrichti, V. arthuri paradoxa (= V. arthuri); V. allyniana (= V. modesta); V. andrusiana (= V. columbiana); V. conecuhensis (= V. alabamensis); V. dedecora tamagonari (= V. dedecora); V. elatior, V. idahoensis (= V. ventricosa); V. eogea (= V. ovata); V. modesta insculpta (= V. modesta concinnula), V. modesta microphasma, V. modesta sculptilis (= V. modesta castanea). Qualitative observations of conchological features, ecological preferences and geographic coverage were conducted for each subgenus and genetically supported species or subspecies-level taxon. These demonstrated that: (1) a suite of diagnostic shell features usually exists to demarcate each species-level taxon; (2) shell features were incapable of defining genetically validated subgenera; (3) all subgenera had transcontinental ranges; (4) ⅓ of all species possess continental or trans-continental ranges, with very few having range extents < 1,000 km; (5) all subgenera and fully ⅔ of global Vertigo species and subspecies are found in North America, more than 2.5 times the number found in central and eastern Asia, the second most diverse region. This is similar to several other molluscan groups, such as the polygyrid land snails and unionid bivalves for which North America is the global biodiversity hotspot.","PeriodicalId":49895,"journal":{"name":"Malacologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4002/040.062.0104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43225384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation by qPCR of Reference Genes for Reproductive Studies in the Invasive Apple Snail Pomacea canaliculata","authors":"M. Cadierno, M. Dreon, H. Heras","doi":"10.4002/040.062.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4002/040.062.0105","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The South American freshwater gastropod Pomacea canaliculata is a highly invasive species. In introduced areas, it is a serious crop pest, responsible for great economic loss and ecological damage. It is also a vector of the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis that causes human meningoencephalitis. Many aspects and particularly its reproduction have been extensively studied, but little research has been conducted on this species regarding gene expression. To meaningfully interpret quantitative PCR, a powerful technique to develop this kind of study, validation of reference genes is essential but until now has not been undertaken. We selected the female albumen gland for its major role in egg production in order to evaluate the expression stability of the candidate reference genes EF1-α, RPL7, His H3.3, TUBB, 18S RNA, ACTB and GAPDH. Stability was analyzed under different reproductive activity conditions and defined based on three approaches: geNorm, NormFinder and the comparative ΔCt method. NormFinder selected GAPDH and ACTB as the best option to be used for normalization, whereas geNorm and the comparative ΔCt method indicate RPL7, GAPDH, and 18S RNA as the most stable genes under the conditions studied. These results will facilitate reproductive studies, particularly those using qPCR to evaluate factors that may affect fecundity of this conspicuous invasive species.","PeriodicalId":49895,"journal":{"name":"Malacologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4002/040.062.0105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43704302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Identity of Inobseratella Lindholm, 1924 and Its Type Species Clausilia lantzi Lindholm, 1924 (Gastropoda: Clausiliidae) from Northeastern Turkey","authors":"F. Walther, B. Hausdorf","doi":"10.4002/040.062.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4002/040.062.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Inobseratella Lindholm, 1924, and the only included species Clausilia (Inobseratella) lantzi Lindholm, 1924, were described by Lindholm (1924) based on a single specimen as the “first Caucasian species, in which there is no clausilium”. However, Likharev (1962) recognized that there is a broken stalk of a clausilium in the holotype. He placed C. lantzi in the synonymy of Armenica brunnea (Rossmässler, 1839). Nordsieck (1979) obviously doubted this identification and classified Inobseratella as incertae sedis. Although the holotype of C. (Inobseratella) lantzi is available in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St.-Petersburg, the identity of the taxon has not been clarified thus far. Clausilia lantzi was one of the first clausiliid species described from the eastern Pontus Mountains. Several endemic species and genera were described later from this region, which might turn out to be junior synonyms of C. lantzi or Inobseratella. We studied the holotype of C. (Inobseratella) lantzi, figured it for the first time and clarified the identity of C. lantzi and Inobseratella to stabilize the nomenclature.","PeriodicalId":49895,"journal":{"name":"Malacologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4002/040.062.0101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49560509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Punctum lozeki N. Sp. — A New Minute Land-Snail Species (Gastropoda: Punctidae) from Siberia and Alaska","authors":"M. Horsák, S. Meng","doi":"10.4002/040.062.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4002/040.062.0103","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Punctum lozeki, new species, is described from damp forests and meadows of southern Siberia, Central Siberian plateau, southern Far East (Russia) and Alaska. The species is characterized by a very narrow deep funnel-shaped umbilicus and tumid whorls that expand rapidly in diameter. It was recorded at 21 sites, and it seems to be a rare species, particularly in Asia, being found at only approximately 5% of all explored and potentially suitable sites. It was limited to wet and mesic taiga, mostly inhabiting brook alluviums, wet calcium-rich woodlands, and treeless sedge marshes. It is only the third Punctum species, along with P. pygmaeum and P. ussuriense, currently recognized in extratropical Eurasia. It also seems to represent another example of a species with a Beringian distribution stretching from Alaska in North America to the Altai Mountains in Central Asia.","PeriodicalId":49895,"journal":{"name":"Malacologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4002/040.062.0103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46835265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}