Marine Micropaleontology最新文献

{"title":"Origin and evolution of the Early Ordovician conodont genus Prioniodus Pander, 1856 — New evidence from South China","authors":"Yong Yi Zhen ,&nbsp;Yuan-Dong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhong-Yang Chen ,&nbsp;Long-Wu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>A conodont<span> fauna of late Tremadocian to early Floian age (Early Ordovician) is documented from the Yinchufu Formation of Zhejiang Province, South China. It is characterized by the occurrence of two species of Prioniodontidae, a new species of </span></span><em>Prioniodus</em> and <em>Acodus triangularis</em>. <em>Prioniodus antiquus</em> sp. nov. may represent the most primitive species of <em>Prioniodus</em>, which is one of the earliest conodont genera with a ramiform—pectiniform apparatus. Based on the review of nearly 200 species originally assigned to <em>Prioniodus</em>, six multielement species are confirmed to belong to this genus. Morphological changes of these six species shows that they form an evolutionary lineage directly evolved from an adentate species, likely <em>Acodus triangularis</em> which has been reported from South China, Australia and from the Precordillera of western Argentina. Origination of the ramiform—pectiniform apparatuses as represented by the appearances of <em>Prioniodus</em><span><span> through late Tremadocian to Floian of the Early Ordovician might be a major response of the 'conodont animals' to occupy and adapt to the increasingly diversified environments in the shelf and slope settings. The </span>biofacies distribution of the six </span><em>Prioniodus</em> species indicates that <em>Prioniodus</em> might have originated in deep-water slope settings and progressively spread into distal and then interior shelves in the late Tremadocian and diversified in the Floian, with <em>Prioniodus amadeus</em><span><span> possibly representing a relict species that survived into the </span>Middle Ordovician and was restricted to shallow water environments.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49881,"journal":{"name":"Marine Micropaleontology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 102269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45265909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in benthic foraminifera biofacies since Mid-Pleistocene (MIS 7) in the Campos Basin slope, Eastern Brazil: Assessing present-day and past controlling factors","authors":"Sarah Pereira Gasparini ,&nbsp;Claudia Gutterres Vilela ,&nbsp;Mark Maslin ,&nbsp;Kimmolly Ferrari Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Benthic and planktonic foraminifera faunal and stable isotopic (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³<span><span>C) analyses on foraminiferal tests were carried out on a piston core, collected from the Campos Basin slope at a water depth of 1475 m. The core location is in front of Cape São Tomé and exhibits landslide scars features. Benthic foraminifera </span>biofacies<span> with ecological indexes and statistics, lithological facies, biostratigraphy<span><span> and stable isotopic analysis were used to understand the paleoenvironmental evolution of the region by comparison with modern foraminiferal assemblage. Six biofacies were identified between </span>Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 7 to MIS 1. The main ecological factors controlling the modern assemblages are: bottom currents, slope stability, oxygen concentration, and nutrient input. However, the last two factors are linked to oceanic processes associated with the Paraíba do Sul river, the influence of which has changed in the past. In particular, Biofacies 3, contains infaunal species, points to dysoxic or anoxic periods in the environment, which are interpreted as periods of increased river influence. Changing environmental conditions were observed as the dominant benthic foraminifera species varied down the core, from </span></span></span><em>Epistominella exigua</em> that thrives in stressful conditions, such as sea level oscillations to <em>Globocassidulina crassa</em>, that prefers mild environments during periods of sea level stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49881,"journal":{"name":"Marine Micropaleontology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 102270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46234300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convolutional neural network application on a new middle Eocene radiolarian dataset","authors":"Veronica Carlsson ,&nbsp;Taniel Danelian ,&nbsp;Martin Tetard ,&nbsp;Mathias Meunier ,&nbsp;Pierre Boulet ,&nbsp;Philippe Devienne ,&nbsp;Sandra Ventalon","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>A new radiolarian image database was used to train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for automatic </span>image classification<span>. The focus was on 39 commonly occurring nassellarian species, which are important for biostratigraphy.</span></p><p>The database consisted of tropical radiolarian assemblages from 129 middle Eocene<span> samples retrieved from ODP Holes 1258A, 1259A, and 1260A (Demerara Rise). A total of 116 taxonomic classes were established, with 96 classes used for training a ResNet50 CNN. To represent the diverse radiolarian assemblage, some classes were formed by grouping forms based on external morphological criteria. This approach resulted in an 86.6% training accuracy.</span></p><p>A test set of 800 images from new samples obtained from Hole 1260A was used to validate the CNN, achieving a 75.69% accuracy. The focus then shifted to 39 well-known nassellarian species, using a total of 15,932 images from the new samples. The goal was to determine if the targeted species were correctly classified and explore potential real-world applications of the trained CNN.</p><p>Different prediction threshold values were experimented with. In most cases, a lower threshold value was preferred to ensure that all species were captured in the correct groups, even if it resulted in lower accuracies within the classes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49881,"journal":{"name":"Marine Micropaleontology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 102268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49463236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To be or not to be a conodont. The controversial story of Pseudooneotodus and Eurytholia","authors":"Annalisa Ferretti ,&nbsp;Carlo Corradini ,&nbsp;Sana Fakir ,&nbsp;Daniele Malferrari ,&nbsp;Luca Medici","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The genus <em>Pseudooneotodus</em> (<span>Drygant, 1974</span>) is a genus of small and conical elements widely distributed from the Middle Ordovician to the Early Devonian throughout the world. Because of its unusual shape, <em>Pseudooneotodus</em> has long been considered enigmatic, and only in the late nineties of the last century the genus has been finally placed within conodonts according to histological data.</p><p>This study investigates possible similarities between <em>Pseudooneotodus</em> and <em>Eurytholia</em> (<span>Sutton et al., 2001</span>), an <em>incertae sedis</em> genus of enigmatic plates with a phosphate composition. An association of over one hundred specimens of <em>Pseudooneotodus beckmanni</em> and <em>Eurytholia bohemica</em> was analyzed from conodont residues in two distinct geographical areas: the Prague Basin (Požáry and Mušlovka sections, Bohemia, Czech Republic) and the Carnic Alps (Rauchkofel Boden section, Austria). Through an investigation that combines the use of optical and electron microscopy (including focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy), X-ray microdiffraction, and trace element (HFSE) analysis by mass spectrometry, differences between these fossil groups were observed and compared with data resulting from typical conodonts (<em>Dapsilodus obliquicostatus</em>, <em>Panderodus unicostatus</em> and <em>Wurmiella excavata</em>) recovered from the same samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49881,"journal":{"name":"Marine Micropaleontology","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 102258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46865856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appraisal of middle Floian (Lower Ordovician) conodont diversity of the Precordillera and Cordillera Oriental, Argentina: Paleobiogeographical implications","authors":"E. Kristal Rueda ,&nbsp;Guillermo L. Albanesi","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we compare the diversity of Floian (Lower Ordovician) conodonts from the Precordillera with that of the Cordillera Oriental, Argentina. The comparative analysis is restricted to the middle Floian Stage Slice (Fl2) from correlative intervals: <em>Oepikodus evae</em> Zone (<em>Juanognathus variabilis</em> Subzone) in the Precordillera and the <em>Gothodus andinus</em><span> Zone in the Cordillera Oriental. For the comparative analysis, absolute frequency tables of the conodont data from published articles and collections under study, were prepared. These include four sections of the Precordillera with 13 samples recovered from the middle section of the carbonate San Juan Formation, and six sections of the Cordillera Oriental with 28 samples from the middle-upper section of the shaly Acoite Formation. Diversity patterns and indices were generated from absolute frequencies using the software PAST 4.03. Remarkable differences in the species richness and diversity between coeval communities of referred basins are displayed. Comparisons with other basins elsewhere suggest that the paleolatitudinal gradient is not a major factor controlling changes in diversity, which may be due to a response to the complex interaction of biological and physico-chemical factors.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49881,"journal":{"name":"Marine Micropaleontology","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 102259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45620475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foraminiferal assemblages from the Abu Qir coastal area (Alexandria, Egypt): Wave-cut platform versus shallow-bay sediments","authors":"Ahmed Mohamed BadrElDin ,&nbsp;Pamela Hallock","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Benthic foraminifers<span> living in euphotic coastal and shelf environments commonly occur in association with macrophytes (macroalgae and seagrasses), and many lineages have evolved morphologic adaptations to thrive in such habitats. Species that did not occur in the Mediterranean Sea prior to recent centuries, commonly known as “introduced” or “alien” species, are now widespread, and some are so abundant that they are altering coastal habitats. With accelerating climatic change and warming of Mediterranean surface waters, recognizing how invasive algal and foraminiferal species are affecting sedimentation and microenvironments has become increasingly urgent. This project examined 18 sets of sediment samples collected in the Abu Qir coastal area east of Alexandria for comparison with a previous assessment of live assemblages within the macroalgae. Overall, 68 foraminiferal species were identified, of which sixteen species were categorized as epiphytic. The hyaline epiphytic </span></span><em>Elphidium crispum</em> was the most common species found in sediments from the platform, while the porcelaneous free-living <em>Quinqueloculina auberiana</em> dominated sediments from the small bay. Eleven introduced foraminiferal species were recorded, one of which, <em>Amphistegina lobifera</em>, was commonly found, especially in the platform sediment samples. Taxa recorded live (stained) in platform sediments were predominantly (&gt;10% each) <em>Peneroplis, Amphistegina</em> and <em>Elphidium</em>, while bay sediments were dominated by <em>Quinqueloculina</em>, followed in order by <em>Elphidium, Amphistegina</em> and <em>Peneroplis</em>. The assemblage differences from previously reported live assemblages associated with macralgae, compared with live and dead assemblages in sediments, appear to reflect hydrodynamic influence of sediment sorting and resistence of larger taxa to physical degradation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49881,"journal":{"name":"Marine Micropaleontology","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 102250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47013662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Mg/Ca-inferred temperatures of brackish water ostracods","authors":"L.R. Roberts ,&nbsp;J.A. Holmes","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The common brackish water ostracods <em>Cyprideis torosa</em> and <em>Loxoconcha elliptica</em> frequently occur together in high abundances in marginal marine environments. Seasonality of calcification differs between species and can have important implications for palaeotemperature reconstructions. There are existing palaeotemperature calibrations for both genera<em>.</em> However, the <em>Loxoconcha</em> spp. Mg/Ca temperature calibration has not thus far been applied to <em>L. elliptica</em>. The equation for <em>Loxoconcha</em> spp. does not rely on a known Mg/Ca_water value, unlike the calibration for <em>C. torosa</em>, suggesting it may be possible to reconstruct temperatures without an estimation of Mg/Ca_water, which is potentially particularly beneficial in environments that have highly dynamic Mg/Ca_water. However, the calibration has only been applied in environments with marine-like Mg/Ca_water. Demonstrating the applicability of the equation in marginal marine environments (with Mg/Ca_water 3–5 mol/mol) and tracking the seasonal calcification of <em>L. elliptica</em> alongside <em>C. torosa</em>, therefore, has the potential to improve uncertainty in seasonal palaeotemperature reconstructions. Here, we compare previous monitoring of <em>C. torosa</em> with <em>L. elliptica</em> from the same collections. We demonstrate that the Mg/Ca temperature calibration for <em>Loxoconcha</em> spp. is appropriate to use with <em>L. elliptica</em>. Mg/Ca-inferred temperatures broadly track spring temperatures and suggest spring calcification. <em>Cyprideis torosa</em> Mg/Ca-inferred temperatures record the range of expected temperatures between spring and autumn. When analysing multiple single valves of <em>L. elliptica</em> and <em>C. torosa</em> simultaneously<em>,</em> the maximum Mg/Ca_{<em>C.torosa</em>} can, therefore, be used to reconstruct maximum summer temperatures, the minimum Mg/Ca_{<em>C.torosa</em>} to reconstruct autumn temperatures, and the Mg/Ca_{<em>L.elliptica</em>} to reconstruct the range in spring temperatures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49881,"journal":{"name":"Marine Micropaleontology","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 102260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45308708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphical methods comparing living and dead assemblages, exemplified with benthic foraminifera from the Aveiro Lagoon, Portugal","authors":"J. Hohenegger ,&nbsp;M.V.A. Martins ,&nbsp;W. Eder ,&nbsp;T.M. Senez-Mello ,&nbsp;F.L. Damasceno ,&nbsp;L. Laut","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This work introduces graphical methods<span><span> documenting density, diversity (species richness combined with heterogeneity) and similarity in combined diagrams for estimating the influence of environmental and taphonomic factors in living (LAs) and dead (DAs) assemblages. In this paper, the diagrams compare: 1) densities per 1 g of sediment expressed in cubic squares; 2) diversities based on rarefaction species richness (x-axis) and Shannon H rarefaction (y-axis), both extended to infinity by the logistic Hull equation, and 3) similarity diagrams based on cosine measures (x-axis) and Spearman </span>correlation coefficients (y-axis). Diagrams were exemplified for LAs and DAs found at 53 stations along channels and intertidal areas of the Aveiro Lagoon (Portugal). Eight ‘routes’ characterized by different trends in the distribution of the analyzed biotic parameters were recognized in six regions of the Aveiro Lagoon: ‘port area’, ‘central lagoon’, ‘northeast lagoon’, ‘northern and southern extremities of the lagoon’ and ‘city area’. In addition, Detrended Correspondence Analyses (DCA) based on diversity diagrams were performed to show the influence of environmental parameters, especially grain size, </span></span>salinity, and pH, on the average species composition in each route. The comparative diagrams allow deduction about the impact of parameters that simultaneously affect LAs and DAs, such as hydrodynamics, post-mortem tests dissolution, physicochemical parameters, excessive contribution of organic matter, oxygen depletion, and pollution by metals. Based on these diagrams, the most favorable environments due to the most remarkable development and diversity of LAs and DAs are located in protected coves of the Aveiro Lagoon mouth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49881,"journal":{"name":"Marine Micropaleontology","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 102257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44060531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holocene sea surface temperature and salinity variations in the central South China Sea","authors":"Jun Yang ,&nbsp;Yanyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Haotian Wei ,&nbsp;Sheng Liu ,&nbsp;Guanglu Zhang ,&nbsp;Haiyan Long ,&nbsp;Sanzhong Li ,&nbsp;Jishang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span>The South China Sea (SCS) is sensitive to the East Asian monsoon (EAM) and changes in the Western Pacific. However, because of the difficulty of sampling and lack of data in the central SCS, many uncertainties remain the primary driving force of paleoclimatic variations. Here, a sediment core JL136, from the central SCS, was used to evaluate variations of </span>sea surface temperature (SST) and </span>salinity<span> (SSS) during the Holocene, and then the corresponding influencing factors were analyzed, based on measured Mg/Ca ratio and stable </span></span>isotopic compositions (δ</span>¹⁸O and δ¹³C) of planktonic foraminifera <em>Globigerinoides ruber</em><span> sensu stricto (s.s.). The results show that the Mg/Ca-SST change is consistent with the speleothem δ</span>¹⁸<span>O records across most Asian monsoon regions on the Holocene long-term trend, revealing that the central SCS record is a response to the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) intensity changes induced by Northern Hemisphere summer insolation (NHSI) variation. During the early Holocene<span> (11.6–8.8 ka), SSS was low with an average of 32.7 psu, which may be related to palaeogeographic variations with sea level changes and the increased coastal water due to the opening of the Taiwan Strait. During the mid-late Holocene, high salinity ocean water was fully exchanged with the SCS due to the influence of high sea level, with an overall higher salinity in the SCS compared with the early Holocene (average 33.8 psu). In addition, the SSS broadly showed an increasing trend, which may be mainly controlled by the weakening EASM intensity and the decreasing precipitation during the low NHSI.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49881,"journal":{"name":"Marine Micropaleontology","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 102229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43486382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implication of middle Eocene to early Miocene ostracodes from the N. El Faras-1X Well, Qattara Depression, Egypt, for paleobathymetry and paleobiogeographic reconstruction","authors":"Abdalla Shahin,&nbsp;Samar El Khawagah,&nbsp;Banan Shahin","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The subsurface middle Eocene - early </span>Miocene<span> succession in the N. El Faras - 1X Well, drilled in the Qattara Depression at the northern part of the Western Desert, Egypt (Southern Tethyan Province, STP), was studied for its ostracode content to infer changes in paleobathymetry as well as paleobiogeographic reconstructions. This succession is composed mainly of three lithostratigraphic units, as the upper part of the Apollonia Formation (middle to late Eocene), the Dabaa Formation (late Eocene and Oligocene) and the lower part of the Moghra Formation (early Miocene). The stratigraphical distribution, paleoenvironmental and paleobiogeographical significance of the ostracode faunas from the </span></span>Oligocene<span> interval of the study area are documented for the first time. Fifty seven ostracode species belonging to 36 genera were identified in this succession. Among them, two new species were described. The vertical distribution of these ostracode species enabled the recognition of seven local biozones. Qualitative and quantitative statistical analysis of ostracode associations revealed a depositional depth ranging from the inner to outer neritic setting. Considering the CONISS cluster analysis, six ecozones were established. During the middle and late Eocene, the paleobiogeographical affinities of the Egyptian ostracodes from N. El Faras-1X× Well succession with that of the Southern Tethyan countries suggest a direct connection between Egypt and the countries of the Southern Tethyan Province. This connection facilitated the dispersal and exchange within this province. The low ostracode similarity between the STP and the Northern Tethyan Province (NTP) suggests a slight connection and exchange between them. The in common occurrence of these ostracodes with that of Somalia is attributed to the connection between the STP and Somalia via the Tethyan Seaway, which facilitated the dispersal and exchange of the middle Eocene ostracodes. The similarity between the Egyptian ostracodes (STP) and that of South America and the Caribbean Sub-Province indicates a direct connection between those provinces across the Gibraltar Strait and through the North Equatorial Oceanic Water Current during that time. During the Oligocene, the low ostracode similarity between the STP and the NTP may be attributed to a more or less restricted connection. Also, the low similarity indicates a continuation of the mild connection between the STP and the South America and Caribbean Sub-Province across the Gibraltar Strait and through the North Equatorial Current. During the early Miocene, the similarity of the recorded ostracodes of the STP with that of the NTP suggests a continuous connection between the two provinces. Also, there was a connection between the South America and Caribbean Sub-Province and the North American Province through the North Equatorial Current and the warm Gulf Stream within the Caribbean Sea.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49881,"journal":{"name":"Marine Micropaleontology","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 102244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47971706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}