Seismica Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.26443/seismica.v3i2.1179

Aube Gourdeau, Veronica B. Prush, Christie D. Rowe, Claudine Nackers, H. Mark, Isabel Morris, Philippe Rosset, Michel Lamothe, Luc Chouinard, M. Tarling

{"title":"Investigation of suspected Holocene fault scarp near Montréal, Québec: The first paleoseismic trench in eastern Canada","authors":"Aube Gourdeau, Veronica B. Prush, Christie D. Rowe, Claudine Nackers, H. Mark, Isabel Morris, Philippe Rosset, Michel Lamothe, Luc Chouinard, M. Tarling","doi":"10.26443/seismica.v3i2.1179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v3i2.1179","url":null,"abstract":"Québec has experienced historical damaging earthquakes in several seismic zones (e.g. 1732 M5.8 Montréal, 1663 M7 Charlevoix, 1935 M6.2 Témiscamingue). Despite a high seismicity rate, no surface-rupturing faults have been discovered due to a combination of dense vegetation cover, recent glaciation, sparse earthquake records, and low regional strain rates. We manually searched lidar-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) of the region to search for potential post-glacial surface-rupturing faults across southern Québec and identified a scarp $sim$50km north of Montréal. We performed three geophysical surveys (ground penetrating radar, depth estimates from ambient seismic noise, and refraction seismology) that revealed a buried scarp, confirmed with a <1 m-deep hand-dug test pit. These observations convinced us to excavate the first paleoseismic trench in Québec to test for the presence of a surface-rupturing fault in July 2023. We found a glacial diamict containing no signs of syn- or post-glacial deformation. In this paper, we present the observations that led to the identification of a scarp and hypothesized faulting. We highlight the importance of trenching to confirm recent fault scarps in challenging environments. We hope our study can be used to optimize future paleoseismic research in the province of Québec and similar intracratonic glaciated landscapes.","PeriodicalId":498743,"journal":{"name":"Seismica","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Statistical distribution of static stress resolved onto geometrically-rough faults 几何粗糙断层上的静应力统计分布

Seismica Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.26443/seismica.v3i2.1206

Jeremy Maurer

{"title":"Statistical distribution of static stress resolved onto geometrically-rough faults","authors":"Jeremy Maurer","doi":"10.26443/seismica.v3i2.1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v3i2.1206","url":null,"abstract":"The in-situ stress state within fault zones is technically challenging to characterize, requiring the use of indirect methods to estimate. Most work to date has focused on understanding average properties of resolved stress on faults, but fault non-planarity should induce spatial variations in resolved static stress on a single fault. Assuming a particular stochastic model for fault geometry (band-limited fractal) gives an approximate analytic solution for the probability density function (PDF) on fault stress that depends on the mean fault orientation, mean stress ratio, and roughness level. The mean stress is shown to be equal to the planar fault value, while deviations are described by substituting a second-order polynomial expansion of the stress ratio into the inverse distribution on fault slope. The result is an analytical expression for the PDF of shear-to-normal stress ratio on 2-D rough faults in a uniform background stress field. Two end-member distributions exist, one approximately Gaussian when all points on the fault are well away from failure, and one reverse exponential, which occurs when the mean stress ratio approaches the peak. For the range of roughness values expected to apply to crustal faults, stress deviations due to geometry can reach nearly 100% of the background stress level. Consideration of such a distribution of stress on faults suggests that geometric roughness and the resulting stress deviations may play a key role in controlling earthquake behavior.","PeriodicalId":498743,"journal":{"name":"Seismica","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An exploration of potentially reversible controls on millennial-scale variations in the slip rate of seismogenic faults: Linking structural observations with variable earthquake recurrence patterns 探讨地震断层滑动速率千年尺度变化的潜在可逆控制因素：将结构观测与多变的地震重现模式联系起来

Seismica Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.26443/seismica.v3i2.1165

T. Cawood, James Dolan

{"title":"An exploration of potentially reversible controls on millennial-scale variations in the slip rate of seismogenic faults: Linking structural observations with variable earthquake recurrence patterns","authors":"T. Cawood, James Dolan","doi":"10.26443/seismica.v3i2.1165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v3i2.1165","url":null,"abstract":"Paleoseismic studies show that faults within a fault system may trade off slip over time, with mechanically complementary faults displaying alternating fast- and slow periods. Each of these periods spans multiple seismic cycles, and typically involves ~20-25m of slip. This suggests that the relative strength (or tendency to slip) of individual faults varies, over time and displacement scales larger than those of individual seismic cycles. The mechanisms responsible for these strength variations must: affect rocks in the strongest portion of the fault (the brittle-ductile transition) as this likely controls the overall slip rate of the fault; be reversible (or able to be counteracted) on a cyclical basis; provide a negative feedback that operates to change the fault from its current state; and have a measurable effect on fault strength over a time or length scale that corresponds to the observed fast and slow periods of fault slip. In this paper, we systematically explore 19 potentially weakening and 11 potential strengthening mechanisms and evaluate them in light of these criteria. This analysis reveals a relatively small subset of mechanisms that could account for the observed behavior, leading us to suggest a possible model for fault strength evolution.","PeriodicalId":498743,"journal":{"name":"Seismica","volume":"23 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Earthquake source inversion by integrated fiber-optic sensing 通过集成光纤传感反演震源

Seismica Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.26443/seismica.v3i2.1405

Nils Müller, Sebastian Noe, Dominik Husmann, Jacques Morel, Andreas Fichtner

{"title":"Earthquake source inversion by integrated fiber-optic sensing","authors":"Nils Müller, Sebastian Noe, Dominik Husmann, Jacques Morel, Andreas Fichtner","doi":"10.26443/seismica.v3i2.1405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v3i2.1405","url":null,"abstract":"We present an earthquake source inversion using a single time series produced by integrated fiber-optic sensing in a phase noise cancellation (PNC) system used for frequency metrology. Operating on a 123 km long fiber between Bern and Basel (Switzerland), the PNC system recorded the Mw3.9 Mulhouse earthquake that occurred on 10 September 2022 around 10 km north-west of the northern fiber end. A generalised least-squares inversion in the 4 - 13 s period band constrains the components of a double-couple moment tensor with an uncertainty that corresponds to around 0.2 moment magnitude units, nearly independent of prior information. Uncertainties for hypocenter location and original time are more variable, ranging between 4 - 20 km and 0.1 - 1 s, respectively, depending on whether injected prior information is realistic or almost absent. This work is a proof of concept that quantifies the resolvability of earthquake source properties under specific conditions using a single-channel stand-alone integrated (non-distributed) fiber-optic measurement. It thereby constitutes a step towards the integration of long-range phase-transmission fiber-optic sensors into existing seismic networks in order to fill significant seismic data gaps, especially in the oceans.","PeriodicalId":498743,"journal":{"name":"Seismica","volume":"46 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Curated Regional Earthquake Waveforms (CREW) Dataset 区域地震波形编辑数据集 (CREW)

Seismica Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.26443/seismica.v3i1.1049

Albert Leonardo Aguilar Suarez, Greg Beroza

引用次数: 0

The SCEC/USGS Community Stress Drop Validation Study Using the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence SCEC/USGS 利用 2019 年里奇克雷斯特地震序列进行的社区应力下降验证研究

Seismica Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.26443/seismica.v3i1.1009

A. Baltay, R. Abercrombie, Shanna Chu, T. Taira

{"title":"The SCEC/USGS Community Stress Drop Validation Study Using the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence","authors":"A. Baltay, R. Abercrombie, Shanna Chu, T. Taira","doi":"10.26443/seismica.v3i1.1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v3i1.1009","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a community stress drop validation study using the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence, in which researchers are invited to use a common dataset to independently estimate comparable measurements using a variety of methods. Stress drop is the change in average shear stress on a fault during earthquake rupture, and as such is a key parameter in many ground motion, rupture simulation, and source physics problems in earthquake science. Spectral stress drop is commonly estimated by fitting the shape of the radiated energy spectrum, yet estimates for an individual earthquake made by different studies can vary hugely. In this community study, sponsored jointly by the U. S. Geological Survey and Southern/Statewide California Earthquake Center, we seek to understand the sources of variability and uncertainty in earthquake stress drop through quantitative comparison of submitted stress drops. The publicly available dataset consists of nearly 13,000 earthquakes of M1 to 7 from two weeks of the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence recorded on stations within 1-degree. As a community study, findings are shared through workshops and meetings and all are invited to join at any time, at any interest level.","PeriodicalId":498743,"journal":{"name":"Seismica","volume":"29 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Seismoacoustic measurements of the OSIRIS-REx re-entry with an off-grid Raspberry PiShake 利用离网 Raspberry PiShake 对 OSIRIS-REx 再入大气层进行地震声学测量

Seismica Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.26443/seismica.v3i1.1154

B. Fernando, Constantinos Charalambous, Christelle Saliby, Eleanor Sansom, Carene Larmat, David Buttsworth, Daniel Hicks, Roy Johnson, Kevin Lewis, Meaghan McCleary, Giuseppe Petricca, Nick Schmerr, Fabian Zander, Jennifer Inman

引用次数: 0

Feasibility of Deep Learning in Shear Wave Splitting analysis using Synthetic-Data Training and Waveform Deconvolution 利用合成数据训练和波形解卷积在剪切波分裂分析中进行深度学习的可行性

Seismica Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.26443/seismica.v3i1.1124

Megha Chakraborty, G. Rümpker, Wei Li, J. Faber, Nishtha Srivastava, F. Link

引用次数: 0

What does my technology facilitate`? A toolbox to help researchers understand the societal impact of a technology in the context of disasters 我的技术促进了什么？帮助研究人员了解灾害背景下技术的社会影响的工具箱

Seismica Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.26443/seismica.v3i1.1144

L. D. Kuratle, Irina Dallo, Michèle Marti, Stauffacher Michael

{"title":"What does my technology facilitate`? A toolbox to help researchers understand the societal impact of a technology in the context of disasters","authors":"L. D. Kuratle, Irina Dallo, Michèle Marti, Stauffacher Michael","doi":"10.26443/seismica.v3i1.1144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v3i1.1144","url":null,"abstract":"Disaster risk is increasing globally. Emerging technologies – Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and remote sensing – are becoming more important in supporting disaster risk reduction and enhancing safety culture. Despite their presumed benefits, most research focuses on their technological potential, whereas societal aspects are rarely reflected. Taking a societal perspective is vital to ensure that these technologies are developed and operated in ways that benefit societies’ resilience, comply with ethical standards, are inclusive, and address potential risks and challenges. Therefore, we were particularly interested in understanding how societal impacts can be considered and leveraged throughout the development process. Based on an explorative literature review, we developed a toolbox for professionals working on emerging technologies in disaster risk reduction. By applying a Delphi study with experts on AI in seismology, we iteratively adapted and tested the toolbox. The results show that there is a need for guided reflection in order to foster discussion on the societal impacts. They further indicate a gap in the common understanding that is crucial for developing inclusive technologies or defining regulations. Our toolbox was found to be useful for professionals in reflecting on their developments and making technologies societally relevant, thereby enhancing societies’ resilience.","PeriodicalId":498743,"journal":{"name":"Seismica","volume":"95 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140086925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discontinuous transtensional rupture during the Mw 7.2 1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake 1995 年亚喀巴湾 7.2 级地震期间的不连续跨张性断裂

Seismica Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.26443/seismica.v3i1.1135

H. Vasyura-Bathke, A. Steinberg, Frank Krüger, Guangcai Feng, P. M. Mai, Sigurjón Jónsson

{"title":"Discontinuous transtensional rupture during the Mw 7.2 1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake","authors":"H. Vasyura-Bathke, A. Steinberg, Frank Krüger, Guangcai Feng, P. M. Mai, Sigurjón Jónsson","doi":"10.26443/seismica.v3i1.1135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v3i1.1135","url":null,"abstract":"The Gulf of Aqaba earthquake occurred on 22 November 1995 in the Northern Red Sea and is the largest instrumentally recorded earthquake in the region to date. The event was extensively studied during the initial years following its occurrence. However, it remained unclear which of the many faults in the gulf were activated during the earthquake. We present results from multi-array back projection that we use to inform Bayesian kinematic rupture models constrained by geodetic and teleseismic data. Our results indicate that most of the moment release was on the Aragonese fault via left-lateral strike slip and shallow normal faulting that may have been dynamically triggered by an early rupture phase on the Arnona fault. We also identified a predominantly normal fault-segment on the eastern shore of the gulf that was activated in the event. We dismiss the previously proposed hypothesis of a co-seismic sub-event on the western shore of the gulf and confirm that observed deformation can be rather attributed to post-seismic activity. In conclusion, the gulf shows many signs of active tectonic extension. Therefore, more events close to the shorelines are to be expected in the future and should be considered conducting infrastructure projects in the region.","PeriodicalId":498743,"journal":{"name":"Seismica","volume":"230 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

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