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Lymphocyte Subsets in Defense Against New Pathogens in Patients with Cancer. 淋巴细胞亚群在癌症患者防御新病原体中的作用。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Medicc Review Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.5
María del Carmen Arango-Prado, C. A. Villegas-Valverde, Griselda Torres-López, Pilar Soto-Pardeiro, Anamary Suárez-Reyes, María E. Faxas-García, Vivian Diéguez-Rodríguez, Elía Gracia-Medina, Roberto Esperón-Noa, Ramón del Castillo-Bahi, Ariadna Méndez-Rosabal, Luis Curbelo-Alfonso
{"title":"Lymphocyte Subsets in Defense Against New Pathogens in Patients with Cancer.","authors":"María del Carmen Arango-Prado, C. A. Villegas-Valverde, Griselda Torres-López, Pilar Soto-Pardeiro, Anamary Suárez-Reyes, María E. Faxas-García, Vivian Diéguez-Rodríguez, Elía Gracia-Medina, Roberto Esperón-Noa, Ramón del Castillo-Bahi, Ariadna Méndez-Rosabal, Luis Curbelo-Alfonso","doi":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.5","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Immunity in cancer patients is modified both by the cancer itself and by oncospecific treatments. Whether a patient's adaptive immunity is impaired depends on their levels of naive lymphocytes and other cell populations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, cancer patients are at greater risk of progressing to severe forms of the disease and have higher mortality rates than individuals without cancer, particularly while they are receiving cancer-specific therapies. An individual's protection against infection, their response to vaccines, and even the tests that determine the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, depend on lymphocyte populations, meriting their study.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000Estimate blood concentrations of lymphocytes involved in the immune response to new pathogens in cancer patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We carried out an analytical study of 218 cancer patients; 124 women and 94 men, 26-93 years of age, who were treated at the National Oncology and Radiobiology Institute in Havana, Cuba, March-June, 2020. Patients were divided into five groups: (1) those with controlled disease who were not undergoing cancer-specific treatment; (2) those undergoing debulking surgery; (3) patients undergoing chemotherapy; (4) patients undergoing radiation therapy and (5) patients currently battling infection. We evaluated the following peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations via flow cytometry: B lymphocytes (total, naive, transitional, memory, plasmablasts and plasma cells); T lymphocytes (total, helper, cytotoxic and their respective naive, activated, central memory and effector memory subsets); and total, secretory and cytotoxic natural killer cells and T natural killer cells. We also estimated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios. Lymphocyte concentrations were associated with controlled disease and standard cancer therapy. For variables that did not fall within a normal distribution, ranges were set by medians and 2.5-97.5 percentiles. The two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test was used to measure the effect of sex and to compare lymphocyte populations. We calculated odds ratios to estimate lymphopenia risk.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000All cancer patients had lower values of naive helper and cytotoxic T lymphocyte populations, naive B lymphocytes, and natural killer cells than normal reference medians. Naive helper T cells were the most affected subpopulation. Memory B cells, plasmablasts, plasma cells, activated T helper cells, and cytotoxic central memory T cells were increased. Patients undergoing treatment had lower levels of naive lymphocytes than untreated patients, particularly during radiation therapy. The risk of B lymphopenia was higher in patients in treatment. The odds ratio for B lymphopenia was 8.0 in patients who underwent surgery, 12.9 in those undergoing chemotherapy, and 13.9 in patients in radiotherapy.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Cancer and conventional cancer therapies significantly affect peripheral blood B lymphocyte levels, particularly transitional T helper lymphocytes, reduc","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"11 1","pages":"26-34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85070145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Methanol Toxicity Outbreaks in the Americas: Strengthening National Prevention and Response Measures. 美洲甲醇中毒暴发:加强国家预防和应对措施。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Medicc Review Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.8
B. A. Veras-Estévez, H. Chapman
{"title":"Methanol Toxicity Outbreaks in the Americas: Strengthening National Prevention and Response Measures.","authors":"B. A. Veras-Estévez, H. Chapman","doi":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"294 1","pages":"43-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74391870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Politics, Profits & Pandemics: Earth's Worst-Case Scenario. 政治、利润和流行病:地球最坏的情况。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Medicc Review Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.10
{"title":"Politics, Profits & Pandemics: Earth's Worst-Case Scenario.","authors":"","doi":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"3 1","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73284073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Community-Acquired Uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Detection. 社区获得性尿路致病性大肠杆菌,抗菌药物敏感性和广谱β -内酰胺酶检测。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Medicc Review Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.2
Yenisel Carmona-Cartaya, Mercedes Hidalgo-Benito, Luisa M. Borges-Mateus, Niurka Pereda-Novales, María K. González-Molina, D. Quiñones-Pérez
{"title":"Community-Acquired Uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Detection.","authors":"Yenisel Carmona-Cartaya, Mercedes Hidalgo-Benito, Luisa M. Borges-Mateus, Niurka Pereda-Novales, María K. González-Molina, D. Quiñones-Pérez","doi":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.2","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Urinary tract infection is the second-leading reason for consults in primary health care. Bacterial urinary tract infections are the most common, of which Escherichia coli is the main etiologic agent. Antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance complicate effective community treatment, especially if resistance is caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production. WHO recommends that antimicrobial susceptibility be evaluated in different regions of the world at different times. Community-acquired E. coli's susceptibility to colistin has not yet been studied in Cuba, and mcr-1 gene screening is necessary.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000Evaluate community-acquired uropathogenic E. coli isolates' susceptibility to antibiotics, including colistin, and identify extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study that included 281 community-acquired uropathogenic E. coli isolates (153 from the Isle of Youth Special Municipality's Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Microbiology Center and 128 from Microbiology Laboratories of 7 institutions in Havana) from June 2016 through July 2018. We used the disk diffusion method to determine susceptibility to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefazolin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin. The disk elution method was used to determine susceptibility to colistin. The combined disk method was used to identify extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Estimates were made regarding the frequency and percentages of antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance, as well as multidrug-resistance patterns.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Of the 281 isolates, 68.3% (192/281) were resistant to ampicillin, 54.8% (154/281) were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 49.5% (139/281) were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Resistance to colistin was not detected. On the other hand, 14.2% (40/281) were susceptible to the 8 antibiotics we evaluated, 22.1% (62/281) showed resistance to only 1 antibiotic, and 63.7% (179/281) were resistant to 2 or more antibiotics. In the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase determination, 34.5% (97/281) had inhibition zones ≤14 mm with cefazolin. Of those with inhibition zones, 64.9% (63/97) were positive in the phenotype test, and 35.1% (34/97) were negative. In extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria, 1.6% (1/63) were resistant to fosfomycin, and 3.2% (2/63) were resistant to nitrofurantoin. The most common multidrug-resistance pattern (22.9%; 30/131) was to ampicillin/sulbactam, ampicillin, cefazolin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Uropathogenic E. coli resistance to the antibiotics most frequently used in community medical practice is quite common, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria is the mechanism for beta-lactam antibiotic resistance. Multidrug-resistance patterns include resistance to the antibiotics most used in community-acquired infections. Fosfomycin and nitrof","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"27 1","pages":"20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85269404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Patients Recovering from COVID-19. COVID-19恢复期患者血栓性微血管病变
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Medicc Review Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.2
Laura López-Marín, Raymed A Bacallao-Méndez, Betsy Llerena-Ferrer, Aymara Badell-Moore, Yamile García-Villars, Leticia Rodríguez-Leyva, Raúl Herrera-Valdés
{"title":"Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Patients Recovering from COVID-19.","authors":"Laura López-Marín,&nbsp;Raymed A Bacallao-Méndez,&nbsp;Betsy Llerena-Ferrer,&nbsp;Aymara Badell-Moore,&nbsp;Yamile García-Villars,&nbsp;Leticia Rodríguez-Leyva,&nbsp;Raúl Herrera-Valdés","doi":"10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>During the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, some patients who develop severe forms of COVID-19 present thrombotic microangiopathy in the course of the disease's clinical progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data came from direct patient observation and clinical records. We performed a kidney biopsy and used optical microscopy and immunofluorescence techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We present the case of a 78-year-old male patient, mestizo, overweight with a history of high blood pressure, ischemic cardiopathy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who was first admitted to the hospital due to respiratory symptoms and diarrhea related to COVID-19, from which he recovered. He was subsequently readmitted with symptoms of acute renal dysfunction accompanied by mild anemia and thrombocytopenia; at the same time, he resulted negative for COVID-19 via a real-time polymerase chain reaction test. A kidney biopsy revealed thrombi in glomerular capillaries, acute tubular necrosis, thickening of extraglomerular blood vessel walls, and C3 deposits in the glomerular tufts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We describe a case of thrombotic microangiopathy with kidney biopsy in a patient recovering from COVID-19. Acute renal dysfunction is a form of thrombotic microangiopathy that has been observed in patients recovering from COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"32-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39779053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention VersusMyocardial Revascularization Surgery inMultivessel Coronary Artery Disease: Four-Year Followup. 多支冠状动脉疾病的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗与心肌血运重建术:四年随访
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Medicc Review Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.10
Adrián Naranjo-Domínguez, Ronald Aroche-Aportela, Myder Hernández-Navas, Lázaro I Aldama-Pérez, Ricardo A García-Hernández, Alexander Valdés-Martín
{"title":"Percutaneous Coronary Intervention VersusMyocardial Revascularization Surgery inMultivessel Coronary Artery Disease: Four-Year Followup.","authors":"Adrián Naranjo-Domínguez,&nbsp;Ronald Aroche-Aportela,&nbsp;Myder Hernández-Navas,&nbsp;Lázaro I Aldama-Pérez,&nbsp;Ricardo A García-Hernández,&nbsp;Alexander Valdés-Martín","doi":"10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In Cuba, 29,939 deaths from ischemic heart disease were recorded in 2020. Myocardial revascularization surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention are well-established methods of treating patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. These methods can reduce overall deaths, but choosing the optimal strategy for treating left main coronary ischemia is a source of debate among specialists.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Estimate survival and major cardiac and cerebrovascular events in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention versus myocardial revascularization surgery and their relationships with pre-existing patients' clinical and angiographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 41 patients; 35 men and 6 women aged 40-85 years who had been diagnosed with multivessel coronary artery disease and treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 17) or myocardial revascularization surgery (n = 24) at the Medical-Surgical Research Center in Havana, Cuba, in 2016. The main variable under consideration was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events over a four-year period following these interventions. We collected clinical and angiographic characteristics, and used the Kaplan-Meier test to calculate survival curves. Survival probabilities were compared using the log-rank test. A value of p ⟨ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio, with 95% confidence intervals used for both procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were a total of 20 major adverse cardiovascular events, 75% (15/20) of which occurred in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and 5% in patients who had myocardial revascularization surgery. The probability of survival was 70.6% in surgery and 37.5% in interventionism; p = 0.043; hazard ratio 1.58 (95% confidence interval 0.987-2.530), p = 0.047. The need to repeat a revascularization procedure was the only major cardiovascular event that showed significant differences between methods (log-rank p = 0.015), and was more frequent in percutaneous intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Myocardial revascularization surgery offers a better chance of survival than percutaneous coronary intervention. Major adverse cardiovascular events are more frequent in patients with coronary interventionism, due to the need to repeat revascularization.</p>","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"40-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39779055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Erratum: Influence of Inflammation on Assessing Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Cuban Preschool Children. 更正:炎症对评估古巴学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血的影响。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Medicc Review Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.14
{"title":"Erratum: Influence of Inflammation on Assessing Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Cuban Preschool Children.","authors":"","doi":"10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This corrects the article DOI: 10.37757/MR2021.V23.N3.7.</p>","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39779059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Innate Immune Stimulation Should not be Overlooked in Post-exposure Prophylaxis and Early Therapy for Coronavirus Infections. 先天性免疫刺激在冠状病毒感染暴露后预防和早期治疗中不可忽视。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Medicc Review Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.5
Julio C Aguilar-Rubido, Eduardo Pentón-Arias, Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar
{"title":"Innate Immune Stimulation Should not be Overlooked in Post-exposure Prophylaxis and Early Therapy for Coronavirus Infections.","authors":"Julio C Aguilar-Rubido,&nbsp;Eduardo Pentón-Arias,&nbsp;Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar","doi":"10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We discuss the suitability of innate immune stimulation in acute respiratory infection post-exposure prophylaxis. The induction of innate immunity can be used to reduce susceptibility to immune-evasive pathogens (coronavirus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus). After the emergence of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, scientists are debating whether new variants could affect vaccine efficacy and how antigens could be redesigned to compensate. In addition, there is insufficient vaccine production to cover universal demand, and equitable vaccine distribution is a global challenge. Given these factors, non-specific immune stimulators may be suitable for a quick first response in the case of a suspected or early respiratory infection. Our group completed several HeberNasvac studies in healthy volunteers and patients with respiratory infections, and is currently starting large clinical trials in patients with early SARS-CoV-2 infections. This nasal formulation of hepatitis B vaccine has demonstrated its capacity to stimulate innate immunity markers (TLR3, TLR7 and TLR8 in tonsils) at the virus' entry site, in systemic compartments (HLA class II in monocytes and lymphocytes) and in the activation of dendritic cells, lymphocytes and other cell lines in vitro and ex vivo. In addition, research generated by the current pandemic may obtain results useful for treating other acute respiratory infections, which have long been main drivers of mortality among older adults and in early childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"70-75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39779056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Carbapenamase-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii in China, Latin America and the Caribbean. 产碳青霉酶鲍曼不动杆菌在中国、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的分布。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Medicc Review Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.8
Haiyang Yu, Guillermo Ezpeleta-Lobato, Xu Han, Yenisel Carmona-Cartaya, Dianelys Quiñones-Pérez
{"title":"Carbapenamase-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii in China, Latin America and the Caribbean.","authors":"Haiyang Yu,&nbsp;Guillermo Ezpeleta-Lobato,&nbsp;Xu Han,&nbsp;Yenisel Carmona-Cartaya,&nbsp;Dianelys Quiñones-Pérez","doi":"10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is a complex health problem, causing difficulties in clinical-therapeutic management worldwide. It is of particular concern in Latin America, the Caribbean and China, where it is an emerging health problem. Carbapenemases produced by these organisms inactivate carbapenem antibiotics. Monitoring circulating genotypes' geographic dispersion contributes to more effective control measures. However, exhaustive studies on carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii are scarce.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Study the production of carbapenemases in clinical isolates of A. baumannii resistant to carbapenem antibiotics and the geographic distribution of the sequences circulating in China, Latin America and the Caribbean.</p><p><strong>Data acquisition: </strong>We followed PRISMA indications. We carried out a systematic search in Pubmed, BVS and CKNI on papers on A. baumannii and carbapenemases published during 2015-2020 in English, Spanish and Chinese, and selected 29 cross-sectional studies that met the search criteria. Studies were evaluated using JBI Critical Appraisal tools, and quantitative data were collated for meta-analysis using the Metaprop library in Stata15.</p><p><strong>Development: </strong>OXA-type carbapenemases were detected in all studies; among A. baumannii resistant to carbapenem antibiotics, predominant types were OXA-23, OXA-24, OXA-54 and OXA-72; metallobetalactamases were identified less frequently than OXA carbapenemases. Only one clinical isolate producer of Class A carbapenemases (KPC) was identified in Colombia. In total, 41 sequence types were identified; in Latin America and the Caribbean the most common types were: ST79, ST25, ST1 and ST15; in China, the sequences ST195, ST208, ST191, ST368 and ST369 were the most prevalent. ST2 was found in both regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The most prevalent carbapenemases and sequence types vary by region, indicating different ancestral strains. Microbiological surveillance, antibiotic use optimization, adequate infection treatment and timely control strategies are essential for carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii prevention and control in geographies such as Latin America, the Caribbean and China where such resistance is an emerging health problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39779058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Cuban COVID-19 Vaccines for Children: Rinaldo Puga MD MS Principal Investigator, Pediatric Clinical Trials for Soberana 02 and Soberana Plus. 古巴儿童COVID-19疫苗:Rinaldo Puga MD MS首席研究员,Soberana 02和Soberana Plus的儿科临床试验
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Medicc Review Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.12
Gail Reed
{"title":"Cuban COVID-19 Vaccines for Children: Rinaldo Puga MD MS Principal Investigator, Pediatric Clinical Trials for Soberana 02 and Soberana Plus.","authors":"Gail Reed","doi":"10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/MR2022.V24.N1.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cuba's decision in September 2021 to launch a massive vaccination campaign against COVID-19 for children as young as two years old turned heads around the world-of clinicians, immunologists, public health experts, governments and regulatory authorities alike. Since then-and just as pediatric COVID-19 hospitalizations reached record numbers globally-some two million Cuban children and adolescents have received the Cuban Soberana vaccines (1.7 million, or 81.3% of that population through December 16, 2021).[1] Why did Cuban health authorities decide to vaccinate children? What clinical trials provided the evidence for such a course of action, especially for the youngest? And what have been the results thus far? To answer these and other questions, MEDICC Review spoke with Dr Rinaldo Puga, principal investigator for the completed phase 1/2 clinical trials of the Finlay Vaccine Institute's Soberana 02 and Soberana Plus vaccines in pediatric ages. Dr Puga's 30 years as a practicing pediatrician have been accompanied by teaching and research, the latter earning him awards from the Cuban Academy of Sciences, among others. He is currently chief of pediatrics and chair of the Scientific Council at the Cira García Clinic in Havana, which granted him leave to lead the pediatric vaccine trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"14-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39917724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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