Medicc Review最新文献

{"title":"Executive Summary: Insights from Cuba's COVID-19 Vaccine Enterprise: Report from a High Level Fact-Finding Delegation to Cuba.","authors":"M T Osterholm, C Rabadán-Diehl, J Anzinger, M E Bottazzi, C Christie-Samuels, N Erondu, J Marrazzo, S Milan, P K Quashie, T Schwaab, D Williams","doi":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n3-4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/mr2022.v24.n3-4.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"24 3-4","pages":"109-128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9249312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a New Diagnostic Index to Determine Metabolic Obesity Phenotypes in Normal-Weight Women in Early Pregnancy.","authors":"Alina Artiles-Santana, Nélida L Sarasa-Muñoz, Eduardo Izaguirre-Castellanos, Elizabeth Álvarez Guerra-González, Oscar Cañizares-Luna","doi":"10.37757/MR2022.V24.N3-4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/MR2022.V24.N3-4.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"24 3-4","pages":"30-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9599113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Vibrio cholerae in Cuba: July 1997-December 2019.","authors":"Anabel Fernández-Abreu, Laura Bravo-Fariñas, Adalberto Águila-Sánchez, Yanaika Cruz-Infante, Rosabel Falcón-Márquez, María E Toledo-Romaní, María de Los Ángeles León-Venero, Jenny L Hernández-Martínez, Waldermar Baldoquín-Rodríguez, Ángel M Germán-Almeida","doi":"10.37757/MR2022.V24.N3-4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/MR2022.V24.N3-4.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vibrio cholerae is a microorganism that causes acute diarrheal diseases and cholera, one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, especially in children under five years old. It is present in many regions and has been isolated from diverse sources such as water, soil and food. Surveillance of this microorganism in Cuba from 1985 through June 1997 showed circulation of non-epidemic non-O1/non-O139 serogroups, but surveillance continued to identify distribution of V. cholerae serotypes and serogroups in the different geographic regions of the country during the following years, due to the risk of introducing cholera-causing serogroups that provoked cholera epidemics in other countries of the region.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Describe the temporal‒spatial distribution of serogroups and serotypes of V. cholerae in Cuba.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted that included isolates from passive surveillance of V. cholerae in 16 hygiene and epidemiology centers throughout Cuba from July 1997 through December 2019, submitted to the National Reference Laboratory for Acute Diarrheal Diseases of the Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute in Havana, Cuba. The timeline was subdivided into three five-year periods and one eight-year period. The centers submitting isolates were grouped into three geographical regions: western, central and eastern Cuba. A total of 1060 V. cholerae isolates were studied, from the 1438 samples sent from 15 Provincial Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology Centers and the Municipal Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology Center of the Isle of Youth Special Municipality. Genus, species and serotype of all specimens were studied and reviewed in the context of the outbreaks of acute diarrheal diseases reported in the country.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 1060 isolates were confirmed as V. cholerae. In the distribution by time period and region, the highest percentage occurred in the 2012‒2019 period, and the eastern region contributed the most isolates in all periods. Approximately 63.9% (677/1060) were from outbreaks, and in the 2012‒2019 period, the most epidemic-causing isolates came from the western region. Approximately 52.8% (560/1060) were identified as non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae, and 47.2% (500/1060) as O1 V. cholerae; of these, 96.4% (482/500) corresponded to Ogawa serotype and 3.6% (18/500) to Inaba. Circulation of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae occurred throughout the entire period. The O1 serogroup began to circulate in 2012 and continued through 2016; however, since 2017, it has not been identified again. In the western region, there were smaller percentages of isolates of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae in all periods, except 2012‒2019. In that period, V. cholerae O1 was identified to a lesser degree in the central region.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vibrio cholerae circulated in all three Cuban regions during the years stud","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":" ","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40507411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cuban Porcine Pulmonary Surfactant (Surfacen) and rCmPI-II Protease Inhibitor on Neutrophil Elastase Activity.","authors":"Yuliannis Lugones-Ladrón de Guevara,&nbsp;Mercyleidi Díaz-Reyes,&nbsp;Aymara Cabrera-Muñoz,&nbsp;Arturo Chang-Monteagudo,&nbsp;Alonso Del Rivero-Antigua,&nbsp;Odalys Blanco-Hidalgo","doi":"10.37757/MR2022.V24.N3-4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/MR2022.V24.N3-4.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In inflammatory respiratory diseases, the imbalance between proteases and endogenous protease inhibitors leads to an exacerbated activity of human neutrophil elastase (a protease that destroys the extracellular matrix and stimulates proinflammatory cytokine release). Elastase is considered a target in the search for therapeutic treatments for inflammatory respiratory diseases. Pulmonary surfactant is a promising product for this purpose, because in addition to its biophysical function, it has anti-inflammatory properties.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluate effect of the Cuban porcine pulmonary surfactant (Surfacen), the rCmPI-II elastase inhibitor, and the Surfacen/rCmPI-II combination on activated neutrophil elastase activity in vitro, and determine if Surfacen's interface property changes in the presence of the inhibitor.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The anti-elastase effect of Surfacen, rCmPI-II and the Surfacen/rCmPI-II combination was evaluated in an in vitro model of activated neutrophils, previously purified from the blood of healthy subjects. The cells were stimulated with LPS/fMLP and were incubated with different concentrations of Surfacen, rCmPI-II and the Surfacen/rCmPI-II combination. Elastase activity was measured. The interface property was determined on a Langmuir surface balance. The new index, called the abdominal adipose deposit index, was obtained by multiplying the subcutaneous fat thickness by visceral fat thickness, both measured by ultrasound. A cutoff point was established that facilitated discernment of an unhealthy phenotype: normal weight but metabolically obese, a cardiometabolic risk factor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Surfacen at 10 mg/mL inhibited 71% of stimulated neutrophil elastase activity. rCmPI-II at 0.1 μM reduced 20% of elastase activity; at 200 μM-the maximum concentration evaluated-inhibition was 68%. Both products had a dose-dependent effect. The Surfacen/inhibitor combination (0.5 mg/mL/80 µM) did not affect the surfactant interface property or the inhibitory activity of rCmPI-II against human neutrophil elastase.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surfacen and the rCmPI-II inhibitor have an anti-elastase effect on an activated neutrophil model. rCmPI-II does not affect Surfacen's interface property and, therefore, both can be evaluated for combined use in treating inflammatory lung diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":" ","pages":"46-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40701851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full Technical Report: Insights from Cuba's COVID-19 Vaccine Enterprise: Report from a High Level Fact-Finding Delegation to Cuba.","authors":"M T Osterholm, C Rabadán-Diehl, J Anzinger, M E Bottazzi, C Christie-Samuels, N Erondu, J Marrazzo, S Milan, P K Quashie, T Schwaab, D Williams","doi":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n3-4.14","DOIUrl":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n3-4.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"24 3-4","pages":"72-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9249315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide mRNA Expression Analysis of Acute Psychological Stress Responses.","authors":"Jeongok G Logan,Sijung Yun,Bethany A Teachman,Yongde Bao,Emily Farber,Charles R Farber","doi":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.6","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONMost previous studies have examined the effects of acute psychological stress in humans based on select gene panels. The genomic approach may help identify novel genes that underline biological mechanisms of acute psychological stress responses.OBJECTIVEThis exploratory study aimed to investigate genome-wide transcriptional activity changes in response to acute psychological stress.METHODSThe sample included 40 healthy women (mean age 31.4 ± 11.6 years). Twenty-two participants had a stress experience induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (experimental group) and 18 did not (control group). Psychological stress levels and hemodynamic changes were assessed before and after the Trier Social Stress Test. Peripheral blood samples obtained before and after the Trier Social Stress Test were processed for mRNA sequencing.RESULTSPsychological and hemodynamic stress parameters indicated that the Trier Social Stress Test induced moderate levels of stress in the experimental group. Six genes (HCG26, HCP5, HLA-F, HLA-F-AS1, LOC1019287, and SLC22A16) were up-regulated, and fi ve genes (CA1, FBXO9, SNCA, STRADB, and TRMT12) were down-regulated among those who experienced stress induction, compared with the control group. Nine genes of eleven were linked to endocrine system disorders, neurological disease, and organismal injury and abnormalities.CONCLUSIONSOf the genes identifi ed in this study, HCP5, SLC22A16, and SNCA genes have previously been proposed as therapeutic targets for cancer and Parkinson disease. Further studies are needed to examine pathological mechanisms through which these genes mediate eff ects of psychological stress on adverse health outcomes. Such studies may ultimately identify therapeutic targets that enhance biological resilience to adverse eff ects of psychological stress.","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"64 3","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138527026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematological Alterations in Patients Recovered from SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Havana, Cuba.","authors":"Nayade Pereira-Roche, H. Roblejo-Balbuena, Lilia C Marín-Padrón, Rodolfo Izaguirre-Rodríguez, Francisco Sotomayor-Lugo, Yaíma Zúñiga-Rosales, María de los Ángeles González-Torres, Jacqueline Pérez-Rodríguez, Yudelmis Álvarez-Gavilán, Bárbara Torres-Rives, Maidalys Bravo-Ramírez, Yudelkis Benítez-Codero, Giselle Monzón-Benítez, L. Silva-Ayçaguer, B. Marcheco-Teruel","doi":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.1","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000COVID-19 sequelae, or the short-, medium-, and long-term manifestations of the disease are under continuous study. There are currently few reports on the evolution of hematological variables following a demonstrated absence of SARS-CoV-2 after infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000Identify hematological alterations in Cuban adults recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their relation with disease severity.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We selected 348 persons recovered from COVID-19 residing in Havana, Cuba with an RT-PCR study negative for SARS-CoV-2 performed two weeks after hospital discharge; a structured survey was administered to obtain clinical-epidemiological data. Three groups were established according to COVID-19 clinical criteria: asymptomatic, mild/moderately symptomatic, and severely symptomatic, which, in turn, were divided according to hospital discharge date and blood sample collection date. We performed hemograms with differential leukocyte counts and compared results among groups. We then measured the associations between hematological variables, personal medical history, and relevant lifestyle habits (smoking).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000All hematological variables were within normal reference limits, although men from the group of severely ill patients had increased total leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes, and decreased hemoglobin and eosinophils, which was also evident in those with a recovery time of 31-90 days.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The relation between hematological variables and degree of clinical severity offers evidence as to persistence of systemic alterations (possibly inflammatory) associated with viral infection. Their identification and characterization can facilitate personalized patient followup and rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"5 1","pages":"7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78902082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Tests in Use on the Isle of Youth, Cuba.","authors":"Saylí González-Fiallo, Idorka Mena-Rodríguez, Percy Castro-Batista, Víctor M. Doeste-Hernández, Viviana Louit-Laborit","doi":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.3","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000The use of various diagnostic techniques is increasingly common in pandemic scenarios. It is important to update evaluations of their metric properties in different times and settings.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000Evaluate metric properties of a SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test relative to a reference standard.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We carried out a prospective evaluation study of the SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test as compared to the RT-PCR test, which is considered the reference standard. Our sample was comprised of 778 individuals, and we calculated sensitiv- ity, specificity, predictive values, prevalence and validity indices.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Of the total 778 samples, 70 were true positives, 658 were true negatives, and 27 were false negatives when compared to RT-PCR test results. We obtained a sensitivity of 75.3% (95% CI = 65.96-84.50); a specificity of 96.1% (95% CI = 94.53-97.59); 72.2% for positive predictive value, and 96.6% for negative predictive value. The estimated preva- lence was 11.9% and the validity index was 93.6%.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The index values validate use of the SARS- CoV-2 rapid antigen test until prevalence falls below 2.5%, since as SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence decreases, so does the predictive value of the PCR result. The use of the SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test on the Isle of Youth, Cuba, was decisive in the pandemic's clinical- epidemiological management.","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"137 1","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80368246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphocyte Subsets in Defense Against New Pathogens in Patients with Cancer.","authors":"María del Carmen Arango-Prado, C. A. Villegas-Valverde, Griselda Torres-López, Pilar Soto-Pardeiro, Anamary Suárez-Reyes, María E. Faxas-García, Vivian Diéguez-Rodríguez, Elía Gracia-Medina, Roberto Esperón-Noa, Ramón del Castillo-Bahi, Ariadna Méndez-Rosabal, Luis Curbelo-Alfonso","doi":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.5","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Immunity in cancer patients is modified both by the cancer itself and by oncospecific treatments. Whether a patient's adaptive immunity is impaired depends on their levels of naive lymphocytes and other cell populations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, cancer patients are at greater risk of progressing to severe forms of the disease and have higher mortality rates than individuals without cancer, particularly while they are receiving cancer-specific therapies. An individual's protection against infection, their response to vaccines, and even the tests that determine the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, depend on lymphocyte populations, meriting their study.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000Estimate blood concentrations of lymphocytes involved in the immune response to new pathogens in cancer patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We carried out an analytical study of 218 cancer patients; 124 women and 94 men, 26-93 years of age, who were treated at the National Oncology and Radiobiology Institute in Havana, Cuba, March-June, 2020. Patients were divided into five groups: (1) those with controlled disease who were not undergoing cancer-specific treatment; (2) those undergoing debulking surgery; (3) patients undergoing chemotherapy; (4) patients undergoing radiation therapy and (5) patients currently battling infection. We evaluated the following peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations via flow cytometry: B lymphocytes (total, naive, transitional, memory, plasmablasts and plasma cells); T lymphocytes (total, helper, cytotoxic and their respective naive, activated, central memory and effector memory subsets); and total, secretory and cytotoxic natural killer cells and T natural killer cells. We also estimated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios. Lymphocyte concentrations were associated with controlled disease and standard cancer therapy. For variables that did not fall within a normal distribution, ranges were set by medians and 2.5-97.5 percentiles. The two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test was used to measure the effect of sex and to compare lymphocyte populations. We calculated odds ratios to estimate lymphopenia risk.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000All cancer patients had lower values of naive helper and cytotoxic T lymphocyte populations, naive B lymphocytes, and natural killer cells than normal reference medians. Naive helper T cells were the most affected subpopulation. Memory B cells, plasmablasts, plasma cells, activated T helper cells, and cytotoxic central memory T cells were increased. Patients undergoing treatment had lower levels of naive lymphocytes than untreated patients, particularly during radiation therapy. The risk of B lymphopenia was higher in patients in treatment. The odds ratio for B lymphopenia was 8.0 in patients who underwent surgery, 12.9 in those undergoing chemotherapy, and 13.9 in patients in radiotherapy.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Cancer and conventional cancer therapies significantly affect peripheral blood B lymphocyte levels, particularly transitional T helper lymphocytes, reduc","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"11 1","pages":"26-34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85070145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methanol Toxicity Outbreaks in the Americas: Strengthening National Prevention and Response Measures.","authors":"B. A. Veras-Estévez, H. Chapman","doi":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"294 1","pages":"43-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74391870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}