Netherlands Journal of Geosciences-Geologie En Mijnbouw最新文献

{"title":"Holocene relative sea-level data for the East Frisian barrier coast, NW Germany, southern North Sea","authors":"Friederike Bungenstock, H. Freund, A. Bartholomä","doi":"10.1017/njg.2021.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2021.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Collecting sea-level data from restricted coastal areas is essential for understanding local effects on relative sea level. Here, a revised relative mean sea-level curve for the area of the East Frisian island Langeoog, northwestern Germany, for the time period from 7200 cal BP until Recent is presented. The revision is based on the reinterpretation of previously published and unpublished data following the HOLSEA standardisation of data handling. Altogether 68 sea-level data taken from 32 cores and outcrops from Langeoog, its back-barrier and the adjacent mainland, which have been collected since the 1950s for mapping and landscape reconstruction purposes, are presented. The age constraints, derived from radiocarbon ages of basal peat, intercalated peat and molluscs and optical dating of tidal deposits, were evaluated in terms of the HOLSEA sea-level protocol and their stratigraphic context. For 7200 cal BP until modern times, 30 sea-level index points with different uncertainty ranges were defined. Additionally, a factor of decompaction was estimated for the remaining basal peat samples as well as for the underlying sediments of intercalated peat samples. The comparison of the Langeoog relative sea-level curve with the relative sea-level curve from the western Netherlands shows that the Langeoog curve lies up to 0.80 m lower than the Dutch curve and diverges for the time before 6000 cal BP. Though the offset coincides with the overall predicted trend of glacial-isostatic adjustment, it is less than predicted. Our study provides a useful assessment of legacy data and contributes to an improved sea-level index dataset for the southern North Sea coast.","PeriodicalId":49768,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences-Geologie En Mijnbouw","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85214271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in floodplain geo-ecology in the Belgian loess belt during the first millennium AD","authors":"N. Broothaerts, W. Swinnen, R. Hoevers, G. Verstraeten","doi":"10.1017/njg.2021.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2021.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Variation in human activities has greatly impacted the processes and intensities of erosion, sediment transport and storage throughout the Late Holocene, and many lowland rivers around the world have responded to these variations. Although this long-term process–response relationship has been established before, the effects of short-term (c.200-year) changes in human impact on lowland rivers are less well studied. Here, we followed an integrated approach whereby observations of floodplain changes are evaluated against detailed data on human impact for three lowland rivers in the Belgian loess belt: Dijle, Mombeek and Gete rivers. Pollen data were used to reconstruct changes in local and regional vegetation and to calculate human impact scores. Corings along transects and a database of c.160 radiocarbon ages were used to reconstruct geomorphic changes in the river valleys. Our results show a decrease in human impact between 200 and 800 AD, which can be related to the decreased population density in Europe during the first millennium AD. During this period, forests in the studied catchments regenerated, soil erosion decreased, hillslope–floodplain connectivity decreased due to the regeneration of valley-side vegetation barriers, and sediment input in the floodplain decreased. A reaction to this decreased human impact can be observed in the river valleys during the first millennium AD, with a regrowth of the alder carr forest and an increase in the organic matter content of the alluvial deposits with a local reactivation of peat growth. The observed trajectories of Belgian river valleys during the first millennium AD provide more insight into the sensitivity of these river valleys to short-term variations in human impact. These results can in turn be used to better estimate the effects of future changes in the catchments on the fluvial system.","PeriodicalId":49768,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences-Geologie En Mijnbouw","volume":"323 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78314065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Middle Pleistocene to early Holocene subsurface geology of the Norderney tidal basin: new insights from core data and high-resolution sub-bottom profiling (Central Wadden Sea, southern North Sea)","authors":"Robin M. Schaumann, R. Capperucci, Friederike Bungenstock, T. Mccann, D. Enters, A. Wehrmann, A. Bartholomä","doi":"10.1017/njg.2021.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2021.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pleistocene strata of the Wadden Sea region are mostly covered by an up to 10m thick sediment wedge deposited during the Holocene transgression. However, tidal inlets cut deep into the Holocene succession, causing Middle Pleistocene to early Holocene glacial and interglacial deposits to outcrop at the channel bottom. To investigate how the lithological properties and/or morphologies of these deposits affect the development of Holocene tidal inlets (e.g. limiting erosional processes), we analysed a series of eight cores to verify three high-resolution sub-bottom transects – and thus – to extend point-based data over a broader area. Furthermore, eight additional new cores (16 WASA cores in total), and 14 reinterpreted cores from the LBEG (Geological Survey of Lower Saxony) log database, were correlated to generate three short cross-sections at the transition from the tidal inlet (Riffgat channel) to the island of Norderney, revealing a number of new aspects for the reconstruction of the Pleistocene palaeoenvironments, i.e. the last two glacials (Saalian and Weichselian) and interglacials (Holsteinian? and Eemian). A succession of Middle Pleistocene lacustrine delta deposits, belonging either to the Holsteinian or the Dömnitz temperate stage, suggests the presence of Elsterian tunnel valleys located below the island. Furthermore, we verified the presence of an Eemian mixed tidal-flat system overlain by an Eemian sand tidal flat below the western head of Norderney which is, in contrast to suggestions from previous studies, not fully eroded in this area. Finally, we demonstrate that the Saalian moraine (Drenthe Main Till) functions as a limiting constraint in the vertical development of the Holocene/modern Riffgat channel. Our results provide a better understanding of the Quaternary stratigraphy of the central Wadden Sea as well as the influence of the subsurface geology on the architecture and evolution of tidal channels.","PeriodicalId":49768,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences-Geologie En Mijnbouw","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73211597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fossil molluscs from borehole Hollum (Ameland, the Netherlands) constrain three successive Quaternary interglacial marine intervals in the southern North Sea Basin","authors":"T. Meijer, R. Pouwer, P. Cleveringa, H. de Wolf, F. Busschers, F. Wesselingh","doi":"10.1017/njg.2021.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2021.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When dealing with stratigraphic successions in marginal basin settings, the geological record is often fragmented due to erosion and reworking processes. The North Sea Basin is an example: it has a fragmented Quaternary record; in particular, Middle Pleistocene intervals are poorly known. As a result, we have little insight into climate, marine environmental conditions and biodiversity in this period. Here we describe and discuss a succession of three interglacial marine mollusc-bearing intervals in a borehole from Ameland in the northern Netherlands (borehole B01H0189 near Hollum). These intervals are attributed to marine isotope stages MIS7, MIS5e and MIS1. The Holocene Celtic type of faunas (interval 0–26.24 m below surface (b.s.)) and Eemian Lusitanian type of faunas (26.24–30.40 m b.s.) are well-known from previous research. The newly reported MIS7 Oostermeer fauna (32.80–39.00 m b.s.) represents mostly full marine settings between storm wave base and fair-weather wave base. In composition and diversity, the MIS7 and MIS1 faunas strongly resemble and differ from the MIS5e fauna. This is the first well-documented record of three stacked marine interglacial assemblages from the southern North Sea Basin at one location. This new record enables us to make complete marine faunal characterisations of successive interglacial periods. Key implications for southern North Sea stratigraphy and palaeogeography are the resemblance of marine faunas and conditions in MIS7 and MIS1, the presence of a relatively warm latest MIS6 freshwater interval and confirmation and characterisation of the warm Eemian interval north of the classical type area.","PeriodicalId":49768,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences-Geologie En Mijnbouw","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86753222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscape changes and human–landscape interaction during the first millennium AD in the Netherlands","authors":"H. Pierik","doi":"10.1017/njg.2021.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2021.8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The first millennium AD encompasses the Roman period (12 BC to AD 450) and the Early Middle Ages (AD 450 to 1050). In the Netherlands, this millennium saw population growth, steep decline and subsequent revival. In addition, many changes occurred in the physical landscape, marking a transition from a mainly natural prehistorical lowland landscape to an increasingly human-affected landscape. This paper synthesises the main landscape changes and human–landscape interactions in the Netherlands during this dynamic period. The degree of landscape change is compared between the coastal plain, the delta and the Pleistocene sand area. Human activities caused major often unintended geomorphological changes in all studied landscapes. Landscape sensitivity to human impact, however, strongly varied as a function of preceding landscape state. The most prominent changes took place in many parts of the coastal plain, where back-barrier peatlands transformed into open tidal basins. Presence of compaction-prone peat and intensified artificial drainage led to subsidence. This precondition and slow anthropogenic forcing combined, made the area more sensitive to stochastically occurring storms, which could serve as tipping points for large-scale drowning. Eventually, major peatlands turned into tidal areas that for many centuries would remain unsuitable for habitation. Human-induced peatland subsidence also led to the formation of the new Hollandse IJssel and Lek river branches. This marked a major reorganisation of the river network in the lower Rhine–Meuse delta. In the middle and upstream parts of the delta, the landscape was more stable. Yet, settlements on the natural levees show adaption to increasing flooding frequency from the Late Roman period onwards. The settlements shifted towards higher positions, while route networks between them largely remained intact. Smaller-scale landscape changes were found in the Pleistocene sand area. Here, local sand drifting occurred, most frequently occurring close to human movement corridors. Drift sand intensity became larger as population density increased after c.AD 900.","PeriodicalId":49768,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences-Geologie En Mijnbouw","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74827026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holocene coastal landscape development in response to rising sea level in the Central Wadden Sea coastal region","authors":"M. Karle, Friederike Bungenstock, A. Wehrmann","doi":"10.1017/njg.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Holocene sea-level rise has led to significant changes in present-day coastal zones through multifold retrogradational and slightly progradational displacements of the mainland coastline. During the course of this postglacial transgression, sediments characteristic of coastal environments accumulated first in palaeovalleys of the pre-Holocene landscape and later on the subsequently developed coastal plain. Based on a compilation of sedimentological, lithological and litho-chronostratigraphical data of more than 1200 sediment cores, we generated four palaeogeographic maps of the coastal zone of the central Wadden Sea to document with a high spatial resolution the landscape changes during characteristic phases of the Holocene sea-level rise, i.e. the periods 8600–6500 cal BP, 6500–2700 cal BP, 2700–1500 cal BP and 1500–1000 cal BP. Along three cross-sections, representing different hydrodynamic conditions and exposure, we exemplify how the Holocene landscape development and sedimentary facies types are controlled by the local palaeorelief, sea-level changes, sediment supply, accommodation space, the morphodynamic impact of channel shifts, and their erosion base. This leads to a better understanding of main factors controlling the local depositional processes of the coastal landscape along the central Wadden Sea during the Holocene transgression.","PeriodicalId":49768,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences-Geologie En Mijnbouw","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84732633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Late Pleistocene megafauna and puparia from the Lent dredging site, province of Gelderland (the Netherlands)","authors":"David S. Douw, Belle E.I. van Rijssen, René H. B. Fraaije, J. Wallaard","doi":"10.1017/njg.2021.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2021.7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract More than 900 vertebrate bones, ranging from Late Pleistocene to Holocene in age, have been identified in a collection that was recovered by a single dredging operation for the construction of artificial lakes near Lent (Nijmegen, province of Gelderland, the Netherlands). The Late Pleistocene assemblage comprises mainly Weichselian glacial fauna such as mammoths, reindeer and bison. Some Eemian fauna is represented as well, e.g. straight-tusked elephant. The abundance of certain species over others suggests that preservation bias had a considerable impact on this assemblage, while its time-averaged nature resulted in overrepresentation of certain species. A case study is here conducted on a fragmentary skull of a subadult woolly mammoth bull with embedded blowfly puparia. Some of these puparia are fully developed, indicating prolonged exposure of the mammoth carcass.","PeriodicalId":49768,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences-Geologie En Mijnbouw","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78410420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Note on the Rhaetian fish fauna from a subrosion pipe in Winterswijk (the Netherlands), with a discussion on the validity of the genus Severnichthys Storrs, 1994","authors":"Henk J. Diependaal, J. Reumer","doi":"10.1017/njg.2021.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2021.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fossil remains of fishes found in Rhaetian (Late Triassic, c.208.5–201.3 Ma) sediments collected from a subrosion pipe in the Winterswijk quarry are described. The fauna shows great similarity to material known from the British Triassic of the Penarth Group and from other localities in Northwestern Europe. Both chondrichthyan and osteichthyan teeth and scales are present. Most abundant are the sharks Lissodus minimus and Rhomphaiodon minor and the actinopterygians Gyrolepis albertii, Saurichthys longidens and Birgeria acuminata. Isolated teeth of the latter two taxa were known under the name Severnichthys acuminatus, but the genus Severnichthys is here considered a nomen dubium; it should be suppressed in order to make the taxonomy less complicated.","PeriodicalId":49768,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences-Geologie En Mijnbouw","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80830109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of natural fractures on heat extraction from tight Triassic sandstones in the West Netherlands Basin: a case study combining well, seismic and numerical data","authors":"Q. Boersma, P. Bruna, S. de Hoop, F. Vinci, Ali Moradi Tehrani, G. Bertotti","doi":"10.1017/njg.2020.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2020.21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The positive impact that natural fractures can have on geothermal heat production from low-permeability reservoirs has become increasingly recognised and proven by subsurface case studies. In this study, we assess the potential impact of natural fractures on heat extraction from the tight Lower Buntsandstein Subgroup targeted by the recently drilled NLW-GT-01 well (West Netherlands Basin (WNB)). We integrate: (1) reservoir property characterisation using petrophysical analysis and geostatistical inversion, (2) image-log and core interpretation, (3) large-scale seismic fault extraction and characterisation, (4) Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) modelling and permeability upscaling, and (5) fluid-flow and temperature modelling. First, the results of the petrophysical analysis and geostatistical inversion indicate that the Volpriehausen has almost no intrinsic porosity or permeability in the rock volume surrounding the NLW-GT-01 well. The Detfurth and Hardegsen sandstones show better reservoir properties. Second, the image-log interpretation shows predominately NW–SE-orientated fractures, which are hydraulically conductive and show log-normal and negative-power-law behaviour for their length and aperture, respectively. Third, the faults extracted from the seismic data have four different orientations: NW–SE, N–S, NE–SW and E–W, with faults in proximity to the NLW-GT-01 having a similar strike to the observed fractures. Fourth, inspection of the reservoir-scale 2D DFNs, upscaled permeability models and fluid-flow/temperature simulations indicates that these potentially open natural fractures significantly enhance the effective permeability and heat production of the normally tight reservoir volume. However, our modelling results also show that when the natural fractures are closed, production values are negligible. Furthermore, because active well tests were not performed prior to the abandonment of the Triassic formations targeted by the NLW-GT-01, no conclusive data exist on whether the observed natural fractures are connected and hydraulically conductive under subsurface conditions. Therefore, based on the presented findings and remaining uncertainties, we propose that measures which can test the potential of fracture-enhanced permeability under subsurface conditions should become standard procedure in projects targeting deep and potentially fractured geothermal reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":49768,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences-Geologie En Mijnbouw","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87880425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From dust till drowned: the Holocene landscape development at Norderney, East Frisian Islands","authors":"F. Schlütz, D. Enters, F. Bittmann","doi":"10.1017/njg.2021.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2021.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Within the multidisciplinary WASA project, 160 cores up to 5 m long have been obtained from the back-barrier area and off the coast of the East Frisian island of Norderney. Thirty-seven contained basal peats on top of Pleistocene sands of the former Geest and 10 of them also had intercalated peats. Based on 100 acclerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dates and analyses of botanical as well as zoological remains from the peats, lagoonal sediments and the underlying sands, a variety of distinct habitats have been reconstructed. On the relatively steep slopes north of the present island, a swampy vegetation fringe several kilometres wide with carrs of alder (Alnus glutinosa) moved in front of the rising sea upwards of the Geest as it existed then until roughly 6 ka, when the sea level reached the current back-barrier region of Norderney at around −6 m NHN (German ordnance datum). From then on for nearly 4000 years a changing landscape with a mosaic of freshwater lakes and fens existed within this area. It was characterised by various stands of Cladium mariscus (fen sedge), alternating with brackish reed beds with Phragmites australis (common reed) and salt meadows with Aster tripolium (sea aster), Triglochin maritima (sea arrowgrass), Juncus gerardii (saltmarsh rush) as well as mudflats with Salicornia europaea (common glasswort). As far as shown by our cores, this highly diverse, and for humans potentially attractive landscape was at least some 4 km wide and followed the coast for about 10 km. Before the rising sea caused diversification of habitats, wet heath as well as dry and dusty sand areas existed. In the course of time, parts of the wet heath turned into raised Sphagnum bogs under an oceanic precipitation regime before this diverse landscape was drowned by the rising sea and finally covered by marine sediments, while the earlier sediments and peats were partly eroded and redeposited.","PeriodicalId":49768,"journal":{"name":"Netherlands Journal of Geosciences-Geologie En Mijnbouw","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84868203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}