Northeastern Naturalist最新文献

{"title":"Northern Sunfish (Lepomis peltastes) Distribution in Illinois","authors":"B. Metzke, Christopher A. Taylor, Caroline P. Caton","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0109","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract – The recent elevation of Lepomis peltastes (Northern Sunfish) as a separate species from L. megalotis (Longear Sunfish) has resulted in an incomplete understanding of the species' distribution in Illinois, as most occurrence records cannot differentiate the 2 species. We evaluated Northern Sunfish and Longear Sunfish specimens to identify morphological characteristics that could differentiate the 2 species; relative body depth, relative opercular flap length, and pectoral fin ray count were most useful. We reevaluated 867 Longear Sunfish specimens from the Illinois Natural History Survey Fish Collection and identified 103 as Northern Sunfish. Based on distribution of these specimens, it is probable that Northern Sunfish occur in 14 basins in the eastern half of Illinois, a range that extends farther south than was previously estimated.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"99 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42485597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Bald Eagle Nesting Distribution and Nest-Site Selection in Kentucky during 1986–2019","authors":"Joshua R. Castle, David R. Brown, Kelly Watson, Kate G. Slankard, Taylor Allen","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0107","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract – Kentucky's breeding Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Bald Eagle) population began recovering in 1986, with a single nest, and has since expanded from the state's western portion to the central and eastern regions. We used aerial survey data to describe the spatiotemporal distribution of Bald Eagle nests in Kentucky, to examine changes in nest-site selection relative to natural and anthropogenic features, and to create a nesting-habitat suitability model. Our results highlight increased nesting near developed areas in recent years. Although nests in these areas productively contribute to populations, we note some considerations of increased risks associated with nesting in developed areas. We also provide predictions of available nesting areas and data to direct the future monitoring and management of Bald Eagles in Kentucky.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"59 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44603737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intertidal Green Crab Survey Over a Ten-Year Period on a Maine Cobble Beach","authors":"B. Stephen, Meg Begley–Irish","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - Here we report on the long-term monitoring of Carcinus maenas (European Green Crab) populations on an intertidal region of a cobble beach in Maine conducted from 2011 to 2021. The number of Green Crabs collected fluctuated between 129 and 474 individuals per sample event. We collected crabs twice each year, with a total number collected of 389 to 798 per year. In addition, we collected Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian Shore Crab) in 2 sample years (2019 and 2021), accounting for only 7 individuals. No compelling relationships between Green Crab densities and sea-water temperature, average carapace width, or year of the collection were revealed.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"2 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41298419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity Patterns of Allegheny Woodrats (Neotoma magister) and Two Potential Competitors in Virginia","authors":"Karen E. Powers, Emily D. Thorne, Logan R. Platt, Kayla M. Nelson Anderson, Logan M. Van Meter, Chris M. Wozniak, R. Reynolds, W. Ford","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - Neotoma magister (Allegheny Woodrat) is a nocturnal, emergent rock-habitat specialist (i.e., inhabits rocky outcrops, boulderfields, and caves). Woodrat populations have declined range-wide due to habitat fragmentation, endoparasites, and interspecific competition. We estimated the diel activity curves of Allegheny Woodrats and assessed the effects of habitat type (exposed rock habitat/cave-exterior vs. cave-interior) and season (spring, summer, and fall) on curve shape. We also investigated the effect of 2 granivorous competitors' presence and activity curves (Peromyscus spp. and Tamias striatus [Eastern Chipmunk]) on woodrat activity. Additionally, we investigated whether the presence or absence of Procyon lotor (Raccoon), a primary carrier of Baylisascaris procyonis (Raccoon Roundworm), significantly affects the presence or absence of Allegheny Woodrats. We used remote-detecting cameras to document the diel cycles of Allegheny Woodrats and 2 competitors across 83 sites in western Virginia and 2 sites in West Virginia from 2017 to 2022. For 13,002 recorded events, we detected woodrats at 36 of 85 sites (3778 camera events). We observed a higher proportion of daytime activity by woodrats within cave interiors than cave exteriors. Allegheny Woodrat activity curves differed among seasons, with the greatest differences observed between summer and fall and with ∼80% activity overlap. These activity curves differed significantly when co-occurring with versus not co-occurring with a competitor. Additionally, Allegheny Woodrats showed an inverse activity rate with Peromyscus spp. Thus, our results suggest that competition avoidance via temporal partitioning occurs between these species. Allegheny Woodrats and Raccoons occurred together more often than expected suggesting the presence of woodrats is currently not reduced by the presence of Raccoons. Our remote-detecting camera data help elucidate relationships of Allegheny Woodrats with presumptive competitors, and open avenues for further investigation in Virginia.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"41 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42479975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fixed Site Sampling Versus Modified Fixed Site Sampling with a Random Sampling Component for Optimizing Early Detection Monitoring of Non-Native Fishes","authors":"B. Harris, Andrya L Whitten, Bradley J. Smith, C. Hayer","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - Standardized sampling of fishes is either probabilistic (i.e., random) or non-probabilistic (i.e., fixed), with each having advantages and disadvantages. Our study objective was to evaluate whether a fixed site-survey design for early detection monitoring of non-native fishes could be improved by modifying fixed site selection and adding random sampling. Results were largely similar but varied by evaluation metric; accumulation curves of species suggested that performance of the fixed survey design was 10% higher than the modified survey and also accumulated species significantly faster from 1 to 42 units of effort. Results indicated the fixed site survey previously took advantage of the patchiness in fish distribution, leaving little potential efficiency to gain using the modified survey design. We would like to emphasize that the modified survey design was effective, just not as effective as the fixed site survey, and could likely optimize early detection monitoring (EDM) for programs with less available fish data to draw observations from or if only random sampling was used for monitoring.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"9 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47711685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Documentation of Mating Blue Crabs, Callinectes sapidus, in Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire","authors":"A. Stasse, Kelsey Meyer, Emily Williams, Gabriela Bradt, B. Brown","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - On 2 September and 7 October 2022, we captured post-copulatory pairs of Callinectes sapidus (Blue Crab) in Green Crab traps in Great Bay Estuary, NH. On the first occasion, the 2 crabs included a mature post-ecdysis (12–24 hour) female and a mature male, and the female's shed exoskeleton also remained in the trap. Both seminal receptacles had pink sperm plugs and were turgid with spermatophores, indicative of recent successful insemination. Details of the second capture mirrored the first with the exception that the exuvia was not in the trap. This is the first scientific reporting of Blue Crabs mating in Great Bay Estuary, NH, documenting an ongoing range expansion of a species with the potential to have major ecological and economic impacts.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"N8 - N12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41922036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Record of White-Tailed Deer Depredating Saltmarsh Sparrow Nests","authors":"J. Herbert, James M. O'Neill, D. E. Robinson, Joel Eckerson, Steven E. Reinert","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - Ammospiza caudacuta (Saltmarsh Sparrow) is a salt marsh-nesting obligate species of greatest conservation concern due to decreasing populations and probable future threats, such as climate change-induced sea-level rise. Low reproductive success is a limiting factor to population growth for the species due to flooding, habitat loss, and predation. To further understand the effects of predation on nesting Saltmarsh Sparrows, we deployed camera traps at monitored nests in Jacob's Point salt marsh, Warren, RI, during the 2022 breeding period. In 2 instances of observed nest failure, camera traps captured the apparent depredation of eggs by Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer). We believe these to be the first documented cases of Saltmarsh Sparrow nest predation by White-tailed Deer. This finding has implications for the conservation of Saltmarsh Sparrows and for future management strategies aimed at increasing breeding success.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"N1 - N7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45307351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small Mammals Perceive Most Fruits of Invasive Plants as Low-Quality Forage in a Pennsylvanian Forest and Meadow","authors":"Searrah R. Bierker, Frances Brubaker, Kendra E. Scheideman, Mars Ciamacco, Meghan E. Harris, R. Utz","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - Invasive plants often drastically alter food webs. Small-mammal assemblages may be greatly impacted by invasive plants, which often provide cover from predators. In addition, a less-studied potential impact is the possibility that small mammals use invasive plants as a food resource. We quantified small mammal giving-up densities (GUDs) by offering fruits of 5 common invasive shrubs and 1 native shrub in adjacent meadow and forest habitats in Pennsylvania. The study ran for two 48-hour sessions in November in 2 consecutive years with different combinations of shrub fruits available to small mammals within buckets that also contained Panicum miliaceum (Proso Millet), and sand. While some degree of differences in foraging activity could be accredited to annual variation, significant differences in GUDs among fruit species and between habitats were detected. The fruits of the invasive shrubs Berberis thunbergia (Japanese Barberry), Ligustrum vulgare (Eurasian Privet), and Rhodotypos scandens (Jetbead) did not appear to be significantly foraged on by small mammals in either habitat. However, the woody liana Celastrus orbiculatus (Oriental Bittersweet) was readily consumed in both the forest and meadow. Fruits of the invasive shrub Eleagnus umbellata (Autumn Olive) was favored but only in meadow habitat, while fruits of the native shrub Lindera benzoin (Spicebush) were moderately foraged in the forest. Through this experiment, we were able to conclude that most woody plants included in this study offer fruits with limited perceived benefit. However, Oriental Bittersweet and Autumn Olive may represent important exceptions that could be influencing small-mammal foraging patterns in northeastern forest and meadow ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"24 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48004029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noteworthy Books Received by the Northeastern Naturalist, Issue 20/3, 2012","authors":"P. Tredici","doi":"10.1656/045.020.0313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.020.0313","url":null,"abstract":"Wild Urban Plants of the Northeast: A Field Guide. Peter Del Tredici. 2010. Cornell University Press, Ithica, NY. 392 pp. $29.95, softcover. ISBN 9780801474583. Characterized by an abundance of pavement, reflected heat, polluted air, and contaminated soil, our cities and towns may seem harsh and unwelcoming to vegetation. However, there are a number of plants that manage to grow spontaneously in sidewalk cracks and roadside meridians, flourish along chainlink fences and railroad tracks, line the banks of streams and rivers, and emerge in the midst of landscape plantings and trampled lawns. On their own and free of charge, these plants provide ecological services including temperature reduction, oxygen production, carbon storage, food and habitat for wildlife, pollution mitigation, and erosion control on slopes. Around the world, wild plants help to make urban environments more habitable for people. Peter Del Tredici’s lushly illustrated field guide to wild urban plants of the northeastern United States is the first of its kind. While it covers the area bounded by Montreal, Boston, Washington, DC, and Detroit, it is broadly applicable to temperate urban environments across North America. The book covers 222 species that flourish without human assistance or approval. Rather than vilifying such plants as weeds, Del Tredici stresses that it is important to notice, recognize, and appreciate their contribution to the quality of urban life. Indeed their very toughness in the face of heat islands, elevated levels of carbon dioxide, and ubiquitous contamination is indicative of the important role they have to play in helping humans adapt to the challenges presented by urbanization, globalization, and climate change. The species accounts—158 main entries plus 64 secondary species—feature descriptive information including scientific name and taxonomic authority, common names, botanical family, life form, place of origin, and identification features. Del Tredici focuses especially on their habitat preferences, environmental functions, and cultural significance. Each entry is accompanied by original full-color photographs by the author which show the plants’ characteristics and growth forms in their typical habitats. Wild Urban Plants of the Northeast will help readers learn to see these plants—the natural vegetation of the urban environment—with fresh appreciation and understanding. Weeds of the Northeast. Richard H. Uva, Joseph C. Neal, and Joseph M. Ditomaso. 1997. Cornell University Press, Ithica, NY. 408 pp. $29.95, softcover. ISBN 9780801483349. Here, at last, is a lavishly illustrated manual for ready identification of 299 common and economically important weeds in the region south to Virginia, north to Maine and southern Canada, and west to Wisconsin. Based on vegetative rather than floral characteristics, this practical guide gives anyone who works with plants the ability to identify weeds before they flower. A dichotomous key to all the species desc","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"20 1","pages":"B1 - B8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1656/045.020.0313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49603356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noteworthy Books Received by the Northeastern naturalist, Issue 29/4, 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1656/045.029.0408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.029.0408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135898719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}