Jung'ang sa'lon (Print)最新文献

{"title":"The Implementation of Bao-jia System and Rural Order in the Second Half of the 11th Century","authors":"Geun-myung Lee","doi":"10.46823/cahs.2023.59.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46823/cahs.2023.59.159","url":null,"abstract":"The Bao-jia System was implemented in 1070. It was Zhao Zi-ji's proposal that was a decisive opportunity for the introduction of the Bao-jia System as part of the New Policy. Zhao Zi-ji's suggestion was adopted as it is. The Bao-jia System consisted of several upper and lower organizations. The heads of each unit were appointed by the influential people of the village. The Bao-jia System soon expanded across the country. The spread of the Bao-jia system had significant regional variations. The general direction of spread was North China first, followed by other regions. The Bao-jia System was first introduced as an autonomous police organization and soon transformed into a military organization. The Bao-jia System caused a lot of burdens on farmers' lives. The Bao-jia system never had an aspect of reducing the burden on farmers or protecting farmers.","PeriodicalId":497080,"journal":{"name":"Jung'ang sa'lon (Print)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review and Prospects of an epitaph of Ko Jok-You(高足酉): Focusing on decipherment and discussion","authors":"Sang-Ki Choi","doi":"10.46823/cahs.2023.59.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46823/cahs.2023.59.5","url":null,"abstract":"The epitaph of Ko Jok-You(高足酉) is noteworthy in that it tells the lives of Koguryo(高句麗) refugees that are not recorded in the literature. Analyzing the meaning of various expressions used in the epitaph and interpreting the characters and events in the epitaph while considering the historical context of Ko Jok-You's time can broaden the understanding of the lives of ancient refugees, which are still unknown. Ko Jok-You was born in 626 in the late Koguryo period, lived in the Luoyang(洛陽) area after moving to Tang(唐) Dynasty, and died in the Jingzhou(荊州) area at the age of 70 while returning from the war in the southwestern region in 695. In the epitaph, he was described as a person from Liaodong Pingrang(遼東平壤人), which can be said to be an expression that claims that he is from Koguryo and belongs to the Tang Dynasty. This would have reflected the situation in which Ko Jok-You served as a military officer of the Tang Dynasty. Although the epitaph did not reveal when he entered the Tang Dynasty, it is highly likely that he entered between 667 and 668, considering that he was related to Ko Hyoun(高玄) and Cheon Heon-Seong(泉獻誠). Since entering the Tang Dynasty, Ko Jok-You has made many achievements in the military field as a foreign military officer(蕃將). He served as a high-ranking military officer and served in the royal guard with Ko Hyoun, but also commanded the Tang army himself toachieve results in wars against various other ethnic groups, including Tufan(吐蕃) and Tujue(突厥) on the border. Based on these military achievements, Ko Jok-You seems to have risen to the position of representing the Koguryo refugee group in its late years. Ko Jok-You participated in the construction of the Column of Tianshu(天樞) built by Wu Zetian(武則天) to show off her virtue and received a reward that was sealed with a Chief of Koryo refugee group(高麗蕃長), and his name seems to have been engraved on the Column of Tianshu along with the chiefs of other ethnic groups. In particular, among Koguryo refugees, Cheon Heon-seong was originally involved in the production of the Column of Tianshu, which is believed to be because the Cheon clan was the most powerful force among Koguryo refugees. However, the fact that Ko Jok-You appeared after Cheon Heon-seong's death can be interpreted as meaning that he was a person with enough status to replace Cheon Heon-seong during Wu Zetian‘s reign.","PeriodicalId":497080,"journal":{"name":"Jung'ang sa'lon (Print)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in relations between Vietnam and the Yuan after the end of the war and their mutual response","authors":"Sung yeon Yoon","doi":"10.46823/cahs.2023.59.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46823/cahs.2023.59.193","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempted to examine the changes in relations that emerged after the two wars between the Tran(Trần, 陳) Dynasty Vietnam and the Yuan Dynasty in China during the Kublai period. Kublai's conquest of Southern Song(南宋) and the wars in the process of advancing to the Southern Sea Empire ended when the original side retreated, but relations between the two countries continued after the war. At that time, “audience of the emperor(親朝)”was a criterion for determining complete obedience in Mongolia, and Kublai demanded complete obedience from Vietnam. Relations between the two countries after the end of the war also emerged in the demand for this “relationship” and Vietnam's response, and conflicts between the two countries emerged as the Tran Dynasty did not accept Kublai's demands until the end.
 After two failed wars, Kublai did not give up his subjugation to Vietnam. However, the conquest of Vietnam was only delayed in internal and external situations. Therefore, Vietnam refused to cooperate, but tried to ease Mongolian pressure by dispatching envoys or paying tribute several times. Meanwhile, the failure of the expedition to Jawa(爪哇) provided the beginning, and the war between the two countries began in earnest. However, when Kublai died during the preparation process, the situation changed, and after that, the relationship was generally peaceful.","PeriodicalId":497080,"journal":{"name":"Jung'ang sa'lon (Print)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training of colonial priests by French missionaries: Selective assimilation of anti-modernism and colonial education","authors":"Boyoung Park","doi":"10.46823/cahs.2023.59.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46823/cahs.2023.59.119","url":null,"abstract":"During the Japanese colonial period, the training of priests in the Korean Catholic Church was a long-term program that spanned over 12 years of education, giving rise to a distinctive group of intellectuals during the colonial era. This distinctiveness was further compounded by the conflict and confusion between modernity and anti-modernity, with the defense mechanisms of French missionaries' anti-modernism and anti-republican ideology being integrated into seminary education.
 The Japanese colonial education policy, which undermined advanced education by emphasizing the so-called 'harm of reading', drew exquisite agreement from missionaries who were proud of the revolution and republic but internalized anger against secular and anti-church values. The missionaries accepted the 'accreditation' system while tactfully retaining the church's values in actual education, and dealt with it with a backside disagreement.
 The so-called fervor for modern education and the legacy of liberalism stirred unrest among the youth. The notion that it eventually fostered socialism posed an equal risk perceived by both the missionary groups and colonial authorities, leading to a reluctance towards higher education. Requests for the establishment of a united theological seminary and the reform of existing seminaries, even those demanded at the Vatican level,were stymied as they were relegated to minor seminary-level secondary education accreditation. The accreditation for the theological college, which boasted the finest faculty for priestly training, was ignored.
 The bishops swiftly countered the burgeoning liberalism as a 'negative influence' and promptly removed it from the seminaries. However, even amidst the tumultuous clash of modernity and anti- modernity, the awakened consciousness itself couldn't be extinguished. The exiled republican government in Shanghai, formed by the March 1st Movement, finally unveiled the forbidden terms 'republic' and 'civilization' to Korean priests.","PeriodicalId":497080,"journal":{"name":"Jung'ang sa'lon (Print)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purpose and Results of the Dispatch of Envoys to Balhae in the Latter Period of Silla","authors":"Jin-won Kang","doi":"10.46823/cahs.2023.59.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46823/cahs.2023.59.39","url":null,"abstract":"The King Wonseong dispatched envoys to Balhae as a measure to mollify the unrest of political situation. This was possible first because there was no major conflict with Balhae at the time, secondly because the economic cost was manageable, and thirdly because they looked down on that state. This work helped to deal with the confused internal situation, as well as enabling the King Wonseong to maintain his power.
 At the beginning of his reign, King Heondeok dispatched envoys to Balhae to strengthen his position through the reorganization of the political situation. Since the primary goal of this negotiation was to seize power easily, it was inadequate to develop relationship between the two states. Later, the popular sentiment was confused due to frequent natural disasters and Balhae started expanding its power. For these reasons, it was difficult to progress public negotiations.","PeriodicalId":497080,"journal":{"name":"Jung'ang sa'lon (Print)","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The stabilization of the political power in the 15th century and the phase change of Docham(圖讖): Focusing on the political meaning of the interpretation of Docham","authors":"sanghyun park","doi":"10.46823/cahs.2023.59.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46823/cahs.2023.59.79","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the change in the status of Docham and its meaning in the process of stabilizing the regime from King Taejo to King Seongjong. First, the composition method and meaning of Monggeumcheok(夢金尺) and Suborok(受寶籙) made during the reign of King Taejo were analyzed. It was revealed that Monggeumchuk contained Confucian's Mandate from Heaven(天命) and political ideas, and Suborok contained political theory of prime minister. Second, the reason why King Taejong criticized Monggeumcheok and Suborok was analyzed through the political situation. It was revealed that Taejong's criticism was related to the stabilization of the dynasty, strengthening the royal authority, and establishing a king-centered political system. Third, the purpose of King Sejong's compilation of Yongbieocheonga(龍飛御天歌) and the resulting change in the status of Docham were analyzed. Although it acknowledged the Docham about the founding of the country, it revealed that it intended to dilute its value and limit it to a side element of the founding. Fourth, the process of storing all books related to astronomy, geography, and yin and yang in King Sejo, King Yejong, and King Seongjong was analyzed.At that time, it was confirmed that the collection measure was aimedat censoring and filtering books dealing with Docham.","PeriodicalId":497080,"journal":{"name":"Jung'ang sa'lon (Print)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}