Polar Research最新文献_第7页

Polar bear depredation of a thick-billed murre fledgling in open water at Prince Leopold Island, Nunavut 在努纳武特的利奥波德王子岛，北极熊正在捕食一只刚出生的厚嘴鼠

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v41.8176

Martyn E. Obbard, Christopher Di Corrado, João Franco, Roger Pimenta, Boris Wise

引用次数: 0

Patterns of interdisciplinary collaboration resemble biogeochemical relationships in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: a historical social network analysis of science, 1907–2016 跨学科合作模式类似于南极洲麦克默多干谷的生物地球化学关系：科学的历史社会网络分析，1907–2016

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v41.8037

Stephen M. Chignell, A. Howkins, Poppie Gullett, A. Fountain

{"title":"Patterns of interdisciplinary collaboration resemble biogeochemical relationships in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: a historical social network analysis of science, 1907–2016","authors":"Stephen M. Chignell, A. Howkins, Poppie Gullett, A. Fountain","doi":"10.33265/polar.v41.8037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v41.8037","url":null,"abstract":"Co-authorship networks can provide key insights into the production of scientific knowledge. This is particularly interesting in Antarctica, where most human activity relates to scientific research. Bibliometric studies of Antarctic science have provided a useful understanding of international and interdisciplinary collaboration, yet most research has focused on broad-scale analyses over recent time periods. Here, we take advantage of a ‘Goldilocks’ opportunity in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, an internationally important region of Antarctica and the largest ice-free region on the continent. The McMurdo Dry Valleys have attracted continuous and diverse scientific activity since 1958. It is a geographically confined region with limited access, making it possible to evaluate the influence of specific events and individuals. We trace the history of environmental science in this region using bibliometrics and social network analysis. Our results show a marked shift in focus from the geosciences to the biosciences, which mirrors wider trends in the history of science. Collaboration among individuals and academic disciplines increased through time, and the most productive scientists in the network are also the most interdisciplinary. Patterns of collaboration among disciplines resemble the biogeochemical relationships among respective landscape features, raising interesting questions about the role of the material environment in the development of scientific networks in the region, and the dynamic interaction with socio-cultural and political factors. Our focused, historical approach adds nuance to broad-scale bibliometric studies and could be applied to understand the dynamics of scientific research in other regions of Antarctica and elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46397006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Value of the Copernicus Arctic Regional Reanalysis (CARRA) in representing near-surface temperature and wind speed in the north-east European Arctic 哥白尼北极区域再分析(CARRA)在表征欧洲北极东北部近地表温度和风速方面的价值

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v41.8002

M. Køltzow, H. Schyberg, Eivind Støylen, Xiaohua Yang

{"title":"Value of the Copernicus Arctic Regional Reanalysis (CARRA) in representing near-surface temperature and wind speed in the north-east European Arctic","authors":"M. Køltzow, H. Schyberg, Eivind Støylen, Xiaohua Yang","doi":"10.33265/polar.v41.8002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v41.8002","url":null,"abstract":"The representation of 2-m air temperature and 10-m wind speed in the high-resolution (with a 2.5-km grid spacing) Copernicus Arctic Regional Reanalysis (CARRA) and the coarser resolution (ca. 31-km grid spacing) global European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts fifth-generation reanalysis (ERA5) for Svalbard, northern Norway, Sweden and Finland is evaluated against observations. The largest differences between the two reanalyses are found in regions with complex terrain and coastlines, and over the sea ice for temperature in winter. In most aspects, CARRA outperforms ERA5 in its agreement with the observations, but the value added by CARRA varies with region and season. Furthermore, the added value by CARRA is seen for both parameters but is more pronounced for temperature than wind speed. CARRA is in better agreement with observations in terms of general evaluation metrics like bias and standard deviation of the errors, is more similar to the observed spatial and temporal variability and better captures local extremes. A better representation of high-impact weather like polar lows, vessel icing and warm spells during winter is also demonstrated. Finally, it is shown that a substantial part of the difference between reanalyses and observations is due to representativeness issues, that is, sub-grid variability, which cannot be represented in gridded data. This representativeness error is larger in ERA5 than in CARRA, but the fraction of the total error is estimated to be similar in the two analyses for temperature but larger in ERA5 for wind speed.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45379776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

China’s engagement in Greenland: mutual economic benefits and political non-interference 中国在格陵兰岛的交往：经济互利与政治不干涉

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v41.7706

Chuan Chen

引用次数: 0

Foraging behaviour of sympatrically breeding macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarcticus) penguins at Bouvetøya, Southern Ocean 在南大洋Bouvetøya，共病繁殖的通心粉企鹅（Eudyptes chrysolophus）和颏带企鹅（Pygoscelis antarcticus）的觅食行为

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v41.6351

Audun Narvestad, K. Kovacs, C. Lydersen, A. Lowther

{"title":"Foraging behaviour of sympatrically breeding macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarcticus) penguins at Bouvetøya, Southern Ocean","authors":"Audun Narvestad, K. Kovacs, C. Lydersen, A. Lowther","doi":"10.33265/polar.v41.6351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v41.6351","url":null,"abstract":"Species with similar ecological requirements that overlap in range tend to segregate their niches to minimize competition for resources. However, the niche segregation possibilities for centrally foraging predators that breed on isolated Subantarctic islands may be reduced by spatial constraints and limitations in the availability of alternative prey. In this study we examined spatial and trophic aspects of the foraging niches of two sympatrically breeding penguin species, macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus; MAC) and chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarcticus; CHIN) penguins, at Bouvetøya over two breeding seasons. To measure at-sea movements and diving behaviour, 90 MACs and 49 CHINs were equipped with GPS loggers and dive recorders during two austral summer breeding seasons (2014/15 and 2017/18). In addition, blood samples from tracked birds were analysed for stable isotopes to obtain dietary information. CHINs displayed marked interannual variation in foraging behaviour, diving deeper, utilizing a larger foraging area and displaying enriched values of δ15N in 2014/15 compared to the 2017/18 breeding season. In contrast, MACs dove to similar depths and showed similar δ15N values, while consistently utilizing larger foraging areas compared to CHINs. We suggest that low krill abundances in the waters around Bouvetøya during the 2014/15 season resulted in CHINs shifting toward a diet that increased their niche overlap with MACs. Our findings may partly explain the decreasing number of breeding CHINs at the world’s most remote island, Bouvetøya, while also highlighting the importance of characterizing niche overlap of species using multi-season data sets.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46489696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cetacean spatial trends from 2005 to 2019 in Svalbard, Norway 2005年至2019年挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛鲸类动物的空间趋势

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v41.7773

K. Kovacs, O. Bengtsson, C. Lydersen

{"title":"Cetacean spatial trends from 2005 to 2019 in Svalbard, Norway","authors":"K. Kovacs, O. Bengtsson, C. Lydersen","doi":"10.33265/polar.v41.7773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v41.7773","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses cetacean sighting data, acquired via a citizen science programme, to update distributions and spatial trends of whales and dolphins in waters around the Svalbard Archipelago during the period 2005–2019. Distributions, based on kernel density estimates, from an early period (2005–2019) and a recent period (2015–19) were compared to identify potential shifts in distribution in this area, which is experiencing rapid warming and concomitant sea-ice losses. Among the three Arctic endemic cetaceans, white whales (Delphinapterus leucas, also known as beluga) had a stable, coastal distribution throughout the study, whereas narwhals (Monodon monoceros) and bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) were observed only north of the archipelago, but with increasing frequency during the recent period. White-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) had a stable distribution along the continental shelf break, west and south of Svalbard. Sperm whale observations shifted from west of Bjørnøya during the early period to being concentrated around the north end of Prins Karls Forland, west of Spitsbergen during the recent period. The four summer-resident baleen whales—blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus), fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)—have shifted their distributions from the continental shelf break west of Spitsbergen during the early period into fjords and coastal areas during the recent period. These changes coincide with increased inflows of Atlantic Water into the fjords along the west coast of Spitsbergen and across the north of the archipelago.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44777430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Case studies of the wind field around Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, using unmanned aircraft 使用无人驾驶飞机对斯瓦尔巴群岛Ny-Ålesund附近风场的案例研究

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v41.7884

M. Schön, I. Suomi, B. Altstädter, B. van Kesteren, Kjell zum Berge, A. Platis, B. Wehner, A. Lampert, J. Bange

{"title":"Case studies of the wind field around Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, using unmanned aircraft","authors":"M. Schön, I. Suomi, B. Altstädter, B. van Kesteren, Kjell zum Berge, A. Platis, B. Wehner, A. Lampert, J. Bange","doi":"10.33265/polar.v41.7884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v41.7884","url":null,"abstract":"The wind field in Arctic fjords is strongly influenced by glaciers, local orography and the interaction between sea and land. Ny-Ålesund, an important location for atmospheric research in the Arctic, is located in Kongsfjorden, a fjord with a complex local wind field that influences measurements in Ny-Ålesund. Using wind measurements from UAS (unmanned aircraft systems), ground measurements, radiosonde and reanalysis data, characteristic processes that determine the wind field around Ny-Ålesund are identified and analysed. UAS measurements and ground measurements show, as did previous studies, a south-east flow along Kongsfjorden, dominating the wind conditions in Ny-Ålesund. The wind measured by the UAS in a valley 1 km west of Ny-Ålesund differs from the wind measured at the ground in Ny-Ålesund. In this valley, we identify a small-scale catabatic flow from the south to south-west as the cause for this difference. Case studies show a backing (counterclockwise rotation with increasing altitude) of the wind direction close to the ground. A katabatic flow is measured near the ground, with a horizontal wind speed up to 5 m s-1. Both the larger-scale south-east flow along the fjord and the local katabatic flows lead to a highly variable wind field, so ground measurements and weather models alone give an incomplete picture. The comparison of UAS measurements, ground measurements and weather conditions analysis using a synoptic model is used to show that the effects measured in the case studies play a role in the Ny-Ålesund wind field in spring.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69593352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in soils and sediments from the Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island in King George Island, Antarctica 南极乔治国王岛菲尔德斯半岛和阿德利岛土壤和沉积物中重金属的分布和污染评价

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v40.5270

Jing Lin, A. Rayhan, Yun Wang, Zhai Wu, Yan Lin, H. Ke, Tianyao Li, Kai Chen, M. Cai

{"title":"Distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in soils and sediments from the Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island in King George Island, Antarctica","authors":"Jing Lin, A. Rayhan, Yun Wang, Zhai Wu, Yan Lin, H. Ke, Tianyao Li, Kai Chen, M. Cai","doi":"10.33265/polar.v40.5270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v40.5270","url":null,"abstract":"Concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Cr) in surface soils and sediments collected in 2008 from 37 sampling sites in the Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island were detected by atomic absorption spectrometry. The total contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Cr ranged, respectively, from 61.36 to 562.2 mg/kg, 0.52 to 1.95 mg/kg, 54.61 to 577.9 mg/kg, 0.04 to 3.76 mg/kg and 6.83 to 25.9 mg/kg in soils and from 58.55 to 498.3 mg/kg, 0.60 to 2.51 mg/kg, 56.22 to 345.9 mg/kg, 0.07 to 5.77 mg/kg and 7.76 to 39.5 mg/kg in sediments. The geo-accumulation index and the pollution load index were calculated to evaluate the environmental effects of heavy metal pollutants, Cu, Zn and Cd, in the study area. Soils and sediments from Ardley Island were found to be moderately polluted with the studied metals. Pearson’s correlation analysis and principal component analysis were applied to assess the distribution pattern and potential source of heavy metals. The results suggest that Cu, Zn and Cd in the study area originated from both the lithogenic sources and penguin guano, while Pb and Cr were probably derived from lithogenic sources.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42574416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Differential acclimation responses to irradiance and temperature in two co-occurring seaweed species in Arctic fjords 北极峡湾两种共生海藻对光照和温度的差异驯化响应

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v40.5702

J. Marambio, K. Bischof

引用次数: 5

The surface energy balance of Austre Lovénbreen, Svalbard, during the ablation period in 2014 2014年消融期间，斯瓦尔巴群岛奥斯特-洛温格林的表面能平衡

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v40.5318

X. Zou, M. Ding, Weijun Sun, Diyi Yang, Weigang Liu, Baojuan Huai, Shuang Jin, C. Xiao

引用次数: 4