Precambrian Research最新文献

{"title":"Tectonostratigraphic framework and provenance of a Mesoproterozoic rift succession: An example from the Espinhaço Supergroup, SE Brazil","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the Mesoproterozoic era, the amalgamation of the Rodinia supercontinent witnessed numerous intraplate rifting events far-field induced by “Grenvillian-type age” orogenic systems. The intimate connection between tectonics and sedimentation enables the reconstruction of these intraplate rifting cycles, linking them to accretionary events along craton margins. This is essential for understanding the paleotectonic history of continents during the Mesoproterozoic era. In southeastern Brazil, the Espinhaço Supergroup documents long-lasting superimposed rifting events that extended to the eastern border of the São Francisco paleocontinent from the Paleoproterozoic to the Mesoproterozoic era. Three unconformity-bound rift sequences (∼1.77–1.7 Ga; ∼1.57–1.5 Ga; and ∼ 1.19 Ga) have been identified within the Espinhaço Supergroup, terminated by sag-marine deposits of the Conselheiro Mata Group. In the southern extension of the southern Espinhaço range (Cipó range), a detailed sedimentological and stratigraphic study was conducted on a rift-related sequence with unknown stratigraphic positioning. This sequence is bounded at the base by eolian sediments of the Galho do Miguel Formation of the Southern Espinhaço Supergroup and at the top by Ediacaran-Cambrian carbonates and pelites of the Bambuí Group. Examination of the tectonically-induced depositional controls in the provenance signatures involved stratigraphic surveys coupled with U-Pb geochronological data of detrital zircons. The lower section of the rift-related sequence transitions eastward into marine sediments of the Conselheiro Mata Group within the Santa Rita Formation, now identified as the Lower Member. With a maximum depositional age of 1660 ± 32 Ma, this section directly overlies the Galho do Miguel Formation by an erosive unconformity, comprising <em>syn</em>-rift coarse-grained deposits from alluvial and fluvial systems within an inverted half-graben structure. The Lower Member of the Santa Rita Formation provides evidence of the Mesoproterozoic rifting event associated with the Conselheiro Mata Group. The marine sediments of the Undefined sequence have a maximum depositional age of 1462 ± 19 Ma, overlying the Lower Member of the Santa Rita Formation with an erosive unconformity. The stratigraphic position of this sequence remains speculative, possibly linked to a later extensional phase of the Mesoproterozoic Conselheiro Mata rifting event or one of the two continental rifting stages leading to the Neoproterozoic Macaúbas Group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49674,"journal":{"name":"Precambrian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ediacaran diamictite deposition in South China: Detrital zircon u-pb age evidence and macro sedimentary texture of the Aiqiling formation in southeastern Hunan Province","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A better understanding of Ediacaran (Gaskiers) glaciations, including their ages, global distribution and types, is critical to our understanding of the Earth’s evolution following the Neoproterozoic “Snowball Earth”. The present study focuses on a diamictite that forms part of a continuous succession of Neoproterozoic clastic sedimentary rocks in the northwestern margin of the Cathaysia block in South China. Detailed sedimentary sequence established here shows that the diamictite, previously interpreted to be Cryogenian in age, is a part of the Ediacaran Aiqiling Formation. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages constrain its maximum deposition age to ca. 571 Ma, supporting its Ediacaran age. The macro sedimentary textures of the diamictite unit, including matrix-supported sediments with angular and randomly distributed clasts, combined with regional geochemical results, suggest a glaciogenic origin. The U-Pb detrital zircon age data also indicate an uplifting source area to the southeast that migrated northwestward since the Ediacaran.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49674,"journal":{"name":"Precambrian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential for reconstructing primary ocean chemistry from hypogene and supergene altered banded iron formations: An example from Weld Range, Western Australia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pristine banded iron formations (BIF) are established paleo-environmental proxies for reconstructing the elemental and isotopic signatures of the ancient seawater that they precipitated from. Negligible changes in shale-normalised rare earth element patterns in BIF throughout Earth’s history, including features such as low La/Yb ratios, and positive La, Eu, Gd, and Y anomalies, and near- to super-chondritic Y/Ho ratios support the preservation of ancient seawater signatures. Nevertheless, limiting paleo-environmental reconstructions to pristine BIF imparts a significant sampling bias and restricts understanding of the temporal evolution of the oceans. However, altered BIF samples are problematic for paleo-environmental reconstructions due to the risk of disturbance of their primary signatures. Instead, mineral-/fraction-specific analysis potentially provides robust paleo-environmental reconstructions where primary mineral phases are preserved, with the three main mineral fractions in pristine and altered BIF including carbonates (e.g., siderite and ankerite), Fe oxides (e.g., magnetite, hematite, and goethite), and silicates (e.g., quartz and Fe-silicates). This study investigates samples from the ca. 2.7 Ga Weld Range BIF, located in the Youanmi Terrane, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. The lower-greenschist facies BIF varies from least-altered to progressively hypogene- and/or supergene-altered. Whole-rock analysis of these rocks revealed the preservation of seawater-like signatures despite significant alteration, such as positive La, Eu and Y anomalies. Additionally, sequential extraction techniques were performed on the least-altered and altered BIF samples to separately analyse the carbonate, Fe oxide, and silicate mineral fractions. In both the least- and hypogene-altered samples all fractions preserved evidence for seawater-like chemistry despite extensive precipitation of secondary hypogene carbonate and Fe oxide minerals in the latter. The seawater-like characteristics preserved in the hypogene carbonate and Fe oxide-fractions are the result of the seawater-magmatic fluid mixture that precipitated hypogene replacement minerals. Therefore, we interpret the silicate-fraction to be the most indicative of the primary seawater that precipitated the Weld Range BIF, where the quartz/chert reflects amorphous silica signatures that are unaffected by low-grade metamorphism and hypogene alteration. The preservation of primary mineral phases (i.e., silicates) and characteristic seawater signatures in the extensively altered Weld Range BIF, suggests that altered BIF should be more widely investigated to improve the breadth and representativeness of global paleo-environmental reconstructions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49674,"journal":{"name":"Precambrian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare earth elements as indicators of post-Marinoan (∼635 Ma) paleoceanographic changes from the Amazon Craton","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive deglaciation linked to the Snowball Earth climate that elapsed in the terminal Neoproterozoic caused dramatic changes in ocean chemistry, exceptionally recorded in globally distributed cap carbonate successions. One of the most spectacular examples is the Puga cap carbonate (∼635 Ma), which is exposed in the Amazon Craton and associated with extensive sea level changes related to glacial-isostatic adjustment and local ice gravity, resulting in continuously mixed waters. This study meticulously evaluates complex post-Marinoan dynamics using a comprehensive multiproxy approach. The rare earth element + yttrium (REE+Y) patterns in the Puga cap carbonate do not accurately reflect the global ocean water composition; instead, they primarily fractionate in response to local expression of the post-Snowball Earth event, including alkalinity levels and freshwater mixing in the aftermath of the Marinoan glaciation. The flattened REE+Y pattern, accompanied by a positive Eu anomaly, may suggest the influence of continental weathering. Specifically, low Y/Ho ratios in the cap dolostone are consistent with seawater dilution due to meltwater influx (Y/Ho ∼ 29–32). Conversely, superchondritic Y/Ho ratios up to 71 in the basal cap dolostones suggest upwelling of hypersaline seawater in coastal areas. The shallow-water recurrence influenced by ice gravity resulted in continuous coastal uplift, forming isolated shelves and the deformation in diamicton, resulting in irregular substrate relief morphologies. This post-glaciation scenario was succeeded by significant landward shoreline migration concomitant with rapid recovery of primary productivity, with large microbial communities flourishing, inducing dolomite precipitation under restricted paleoenvironmental conditions on dolomitic platforms. The rapid rise in sea level led to the dilution of evaporative fluids, ultimately halting dolomicrite precipitation. Following the pos-tglacial transgression, the stratified waters gradually became more mixed, resulting in the termination of dolomitic platform deposition and coinciding with an increase in detrital components, as indicated by the increase of insoluble elements (e.g., REE, Zr, and Th), followed by abrupt replacement by CaCO₃-oversaturated seas during the post-glacial transgression. These observations elucidate the interplay between post-glaciation and paleoceanographic dynamics during the Cryogenian-Ediacaran boundary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49674,"journal":{"name":"Precambrian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrogenesis of ca. 2.0 Ga granites in the Kongling Complex: Implications for a tectonic transition of the Yangtze Craton from compression to extension","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ca. 2.1–1.9 Ga tectono-thermal events in the Yangtze Craton, South China, are coeval with global continental assembly in the dawn of supercontinent cycle. However, the tectonic regime for the ca. 2.0 Ga events there remains unresolved because magmatic rocks of both compressional and extensional environments have been reported. Here, we report the results of an integrated study of ca. 2.0 Ga granitic rocks in the Kongling Complex of the Yangtze Craton, including whole-rock major and trace element results, zircon U–Pb ages, and zircon Lu–Hf and oxygen isotope results. The 2.0 Ga granites are divided into two groups: Group 1 granites show highly depleted HREEs, HFSEs and positive Eu anomalies with relatively higher zircon ε_Hf(t) values, whereas Group 2 granites have higher HREE and HFSE contents with lower Eu/Eu* and zircon ε_Hf(t) values. Zircon Hf isotopic signatures indicate the source materials for the two types of granites were likely Archean tholeiite and Archean TTGs of the Kongling Complex, respectively. Thermodynamic modelling results suggest that magmas similar to the two groups of granites could be generated from partial melting of Mesoarchean Kongling Enriched Archean Tholeiite (kEAT) (Group 1 granites) and TTGs (Group 2 granites) under the same melting conditions of 800–900 °C, 10–12 kbar. Such a <em>P</em>–<em>T</em> condition is consistent with the peak metamorphic <em>P</em>–<em>T</em> estimates constrained from 2.0 Ga mafic granulites in the same area, indicating that the Archean crust was remelted at great depth (&gt;1 GPa). Furthermore, the MgO/CaO ratios of the 2.1–1.9 Ga granitic rocks in northern Yangtze Craton shifted to higher values after ca. 2.0 Ga, likely caused by an increased melting temperature/pressure (<em>T/P</em>) ratio, i.e., the higher thermal gradient. Based on these results, we propose that the tectonic regime of the Yangtze Craton switched from compression to extension at ca. 2.0 Ga.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49674,"journal":{"name":"Precambrian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Fe isotope signatures record oxidative precipitation in 3.2 Ga ferruginous siliciclastic sedimentary rocks deposited in a shallow ocean environment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron (Fe) isotopic compositions of Iron formations (IFs) have the potential to constrain the oceanic redox environment and marine biosphere on the early Earth. However, the interpretation of Fe isotope ratios in IFs is controversial and related to various factors, such as Fe sources, mode of primary precipitation, and subsequent mineral transformations. This paper presents whole-rock Fe isotope data for <em>ca</em>. 3.2 Ga unweathered ferruginous siliciclastic sedimentary rocks deposited in a shallow ocean in the lower part (unit MdI1) of the Moodies Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. We also experimentally examined Fe isotope effects during the precipitation of Fe²⁺-silicates (e.g., greenalite), proposed as primary Fe minerals in IFs. The Fe isotope data show significant variation (δ⁵⁶Fe = −0.58 ‰ to +0.60 ‰) for different lithologies (i.e., magnetite-rich siltstone, carbonate-rich siltstone, sandy siltstone, and jaspilite). The δ⁵⁶Fe values (δ⁵⁶Fe = −0.54 ‰ to +0.60 ‰) of the magnetite-rich siltstones tend to decrease with decreasing Fe₂O_3(T)/Al₂O₃ ratios and matrix ratios (the percentage of detrital grains with a size of &lt;30 μm). Carbonate-rich siltstones also fall on the same Fe₂O_3(T)/Al₂O₃ – δ⁵⁶Fe and matrix ratio – δ⁵⁶Fe trends as magnetite-rich siltstone. The synthetic experiment showed that isotope fractionation during anoxygenic Fe²⁺-silicate precipitation from dissolved ferrous Fe (Fe²⁺_(aq)) was much smaller (Δ⁵⁶Fe_{Fe2+-silicate–Fe2+(aq)} &lt; +0.3 ‰) than that of oxidative precipitation. These results indicate that Fe isotopic variations in Fe-rich siltstones (magnetite- and carbonate-rich siltstones) are only explained by the oxidative precipitation of Fe²⁺_(aq) supplied from the deep ocean following Rayleigh-type fractionation. Low carbonate-C isotope ratios (δ¹³C_carb = −5.8 ‰ to −3.7 ‰) of the Fe-rich siltstones show that magnetite and ankerite or Mg-siderite formed from a primary Fe³⁺-bearing mineral by oxidation of organic C after Fe burial. The consistent Fe₂O_3(T)/Al₂O₃ – δ⁵⁶Fe trends between the magnetite- and carbonate-rich siltstones suggest that Fe reduction during diagenetic and/or metamorphic transformation processes of Fe-bearing minerals caused negligible changes in the whole-rock Fe isotope composition, possibly because of limited mobility of Fe²⁺ in the sediment. Consequently, the Fe isotope compositions predominantly record the primary precipitation process that occurred in the water column of a 3.2 Ga shallow ocean environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49674,"journal":{"name":"Precambrian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retreating subduction-related intracratonic rifting in the Ediacaran Sichuan Basin (SW China)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ediacaran continental rift basins in the Sichuan Basin (SW China) overlap in time with the breakup of Rodinia and the assembly of Gondwana, but whether the rifts occurred in response to a mantle plume or to a subduction-related mechanism at the outer margin of the supercontinent remains uncertain. In the absence of Ediacaran igneous rocks, we provide zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age data and whole-rock geochemistry from exposed Ediacaran-Lower Cambrian siliciclastic rocks in the Sichuan Basin in an effort to decipher the origin of the Ediacaran rifting. Together with new seismic and drilling data, the Ediacaran period is characterized by a magma-poor rift succession deposited in a faulted depression within the basin. U-Pb ages of the Ediacaran detrital zircons are concentrated in the range of 850–630 Ma, which suggests a weak magmatic event during the Ediacaran rifting. Geochemically, the siliciclastic rocks are characterized by relatively flat rare earth elements (REE) with negative Eu* anomalies, enrichment in most high field strength elements (HFSE), but depletion in Nb, Ta, Sr and Ti. The geochemical data suggest that the Ediacaran sedimentary rocks formed in a continental island arc setting. Together with compiled zircon εHf(t) values, Ediacaran rifting in the Sichuan Basin is consistent with retreating subduction. We propose a weak, flat, retreating subduction-related intracontinental passive rift model for the Ediacaran South China Block. This case study suggests that the retreating subduction could not only trigger back-arc basin development, but could also lead to the magma-poor passive rift basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49674,"journal":{"name":"Precambrian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to “Comment on: Passive continental margin subducted to mantle depths: Coesite-bearing metasedimentary rocks from the Neoproterozoic Brasília Orogen, West Gondwana margin” by Schönig (2024)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107577","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49674,"journal":{"name":"Precambrian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archean craton assembly and Paleoproterozoic accretion-collision tectonics in the Reguibat Shield, West African Craton","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interpretation of the deformation pattern of the western Reguibat Shield by integrating current geochronological knowledge allows deciphering the assembly and post-assembly tectonic history of the Awsard craton that became involved in the giant Eburnean (∼2 Ga) accretionary orogen. Final craton assembly took place along the newly recognized early Siderian (2.51–2.46 Ga) Tiris orogen. The eastern margin of the craton was then affected until 2.07–2.03 Ga by a west-verging (i.e., craton-ward) thrust system rooted in the collisional contact with the Eburnean orogen. Collision was controlled by thermal erosion and softening of the craton edge by the accretionary orogen, which allowed for the propagation of the thrust system during craton-ward progression of delamination of the cratonic lithospheric mantle. This resulted in the progressive incorporation of Archean crust into the accretionary orogen. Such a hot mode of collision provides a mechanism for the destruction of cratons by reworking of their crust into their flanking accretionary orogens and recycling of their lithospheric mantle into the asthenosphere. The hot collision mode favors the formation of specific oroclines driven by lithospheric mantle delamination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49674,"journal":{"name":"Precambrian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301926824002833/pdfft?md5=cb63018479f60a521174aede98d9d748&pid=1-s2.0-S0301926824002833-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large granitoid batholith formed by episodic reworking of the continental basement","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large granitoid batholiths contain key information about the formation and evolution of the continental crust, but their growth mechanism and compositional diversity are still not clear. The Neoproterozoic Huangling batholith, one of the largest granitoid batholith in South China, comprises several plutons and covers an area of ∼ 970 km². The largest trondhjemitic pluton was emplaced at ca. 840 Ma, and its magmatic zircons show large variable Th/U ratios (0.22–1.81) that are strongly correlated with Ti-in-zircon temperatures, zircon U/Yb and Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ ratios. These zircons have negative εHf (−28.3 to −14.6), variable δ¹⁸O (4.43–6.99 ‰) and δ⁹⁴Zr values (−0.38 ‰ to + 0.21 ‰), as well as moderate zircon saturation temperatures (716–771 °C) and high <em>f</em>O₂ (FMQ+1.9). The trondhjemite is therefore proposed to have been derived from the Archean amphibolitic crust and underwent fractional crystallization of zircon, magnetite, apatite and/or titanite. In comparison, one smaller granitic pluton was emplaced at 831 ± 5 Ma. The magmatic zircons have more radiogenic εHf (−11.7 to −10.4), constant δ¹⁸O (6.09–6.66 ‰) and δ⁹⁴Zr values (−0.31 ‰ to + 0.06 ‰), and they have slightly higher zircon saturation temperatures (767–803 °C) and <em>f</em>O₂ (FMQ+2.9). These geochemical features suggest that the granite was derived from a crustal source with mixed juvenile mafic materials and Archean amphibolitic rocks, and did not experience significant fractional crystallization. The Huangling granitoid batholith was formed by multiple injections of felsic melts with the compositional diversity that probably resulted from heterogeneous protoliths and complex magmatic processes in a prolonged magma evolution system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49674,"journal":{"name":"Precambrian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}