German journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiology and risk factors of lumpy skin disease outbreak in cattle in the north-west area of Bangladesh","authors":"","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0078","url":null,"abstract":"Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an acute viral disease of cattle that recently emerged in Bangladesh that negatively impacts livestock by reducing animal production, increasing management costs, and death of infected animals. Recently, Bangladesh has faced the ominous effects of LSD, like other countries. Because of this pressing concern, the present cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the infection status and risk factors of LSD outbreaks from January to December 2023 in Bangladesh’s northwest area. A total of 2858 cattle from various randomly selected farms were surveyed. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical inspection, clinical history, and owner complaints. The overall attack rate, mortality, and case fatality were 37.6%, 2.8%, and 7.5%, respectively, but in calves (≤1 month), the attack rate, mortality, and case fatality were 44.3%, 9.3%, and 21.3%, respectively. The infection status was discussed based on age, sex, breed, genotype, health status, immune status, coat color, farm size, farming system, separation of affected animals, separation place, use of common utensils, introduction of new cattle, use of vaccine and season of the year. Among them, age, sex, breed, health status, coat color, farm size, farming system, use of common utensils, and introduction of new cattle have no significant relationship with LSD outbreaks, but in calves (≤ 1 year), age has a significant association with the occurrence of LSD. The risk factor analysis revealed that the outbreaks of LSD were significantly (p<0.05) associated with genotypes, immune status, separation place, vaccination status of farm, and season of the year. The findings of the present study could provide useful epidemiological data on risk factors associated with LSD to livestock owners, field veterinarians, and government-level livestock regulators, which will help formulate prevention and control strategies and minimize the negative impact of LSD on cattle farming.","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":"3 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140658243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in captive bears (Ursus thibetanus) and in captive and wild birds, France, 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.3.0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.3.0077","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2016, Europe has faced recurrent epidemics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.4.4b, with large numbers of deaths in wild and domestic birds. The 2022-2023 epidemic was characterized by an increase in the number of avian cases but also by an increased number of mammalian cases. Infected wild mammals were mainly marine mammals or scavengers such as foxes. Additionally, cases involving domestic mammals, like cats and farmed minks, have been documented. In December 2022, a HPAI subtype H5N1 virus belonging to clade 2.3.4.4b was identified in a captive bear and simultaneously in captive and wild birds in a wildlife park in France. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the bear and captive birds in the wildlife park most likely had the same origin and came directly from the infected wild birds. It is advised to monitor symptomatic domestic or captive carnivores when they come into contact with infected birds to stop the spread of the virus across species and to identify the potential mammalian-specific viral molecular markers.","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140671909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional risks and consequences of meat-only diets for dogs and cats","authors":"","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0076","url":null,"abstract":"Suitable nutrition is one of the most significant issues that always needs to be considered in the health mainte-nance of living beings. One of the misconcep-tions of many societies is the exclusive feeding of meat to cats and dogs. Dogs and cats are carnivorous animals; more specifically, cats are strict or true carni-vores, while dogs are omnivores. Although cats are true carni-vores, an exclusive diet of meat will not cover their needs. Wholly meat-based diets might be rich in many nutri-ents and minerals, but they are poor in digesti-ble carbohydrates and fiber. Lack of carbohy-drates can cause gas-trointestinal problems and diarrhea. Also, due to hypovitaminosis A and D caused by such diets, skeletal diseases can be one of the seri-ous consequences. High dietary phosphate > 11.8 g in dry matter (DM) reduces renal phosphate reabsorption and increases vulnera-bility to chronic kidney disease. As phosphate excretion and reduction of calcium reabsorption continue, bone decom-position, symptoms of osteoporosis, and sec-ondary hyperparathy-roidism occur. In wholly meat-based canine di-ets, a lack of carbohy-drates compels the an-imal to use protein in the gluconeogenesis process to produce glu-cose. As a result, the body goes through pro-tein deficiency and its side effects. To main-tain digestive system health and prevent diar-rhea, the diet must in-clude soluble fiber. Al-so, the presence of car-bohydrates and fats is essential. Preserving the correct calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (Ca:P) can be solved by adding carbohydrates or using meats with a lower phosphorus content.","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":"29 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Funiculitis causing sepsis-associated laminitis in a Mangalarga Marcha-dor gelding","authors":"","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0074","url":null,"abstract":"Castration is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in equine practice, and potential complications may range from mild to life-threatening condi-tions. This paper aims to report clinical and la-boratory features, treatment, and long-term follow-up infor-mation in a case of fu-niculitis causing sepsis-associated laminitis and acute renal failure (ARF) in a Mangalarga Marchador gelding. A 5-years-old Mangalarga Marchador gelding was referred for hospital care after seven days of an open orchiectomy approach on farm-setting. Physical exami-nation revealed hypere-mic mucous mem-branes, dehydration, tachycardia, scrotal swelling with a foul-smelling serousangui-nous discharge, in-creased hoof tempera-ture and digital pulse amplitude, and lame-ness. Laboratory find-ings included leukocy-tosis by neutrophilia, hypoalbuminemia, high creatinine, and urea levels, and an increased number of bacteria, leukocytes, and hyaline cylinders on urine anal-ysis. After three days of intensive care, the horse underwent gen-eral anesthesia for scro-tal ablation and resec-tion of the infected spermatic cord stumps. Microbiological assays revealed Streptococcus spp. and a multi-resistant Escherichia coli. This report high-lights uncommon post-castration complications in a Mangalarga Marchador gelding as a consequence of septic funiculitis. Further-more, the microbiologi-cal isolation of a multi-resistant E. coli strain raises concerns about the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in equine practice.","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":"134 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140754961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic scoping review of microbial pathogens in ruminants with or without a history of abortions in Nigeria","authors":"Kabiru O. Akinyemi, Samuel O. Ajoseh, Abdul-Azeez Anjorin, Wasiu O. Salami, Aminat O. Lawal, Marwa Bassiouny, Heinrich Neubauer, Gamal Wareth","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2023.3.0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2023.3.0062","url":null,"abstract":"Abortifacient pathogens such as bacterial [Brucella spp., Listeria spp., Leptospira interrogans ser., Coxiella burnetii, Campylobacter spp., Anaplasma spp., Chlamydia spp.], mycotic [Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp.], protozoan [Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora spp.], and viral [Blue tongue virus (BTV), Schmallenberg virus (SBV), Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV)] pathogens are challenges for the productive and reproductive performance of ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats) globally. No comprehensive report on epidemiology, associated risk factors, or economic burden of these infectious pathogens is available for Nigeria. This review estimated the distribution and burden of abortive pathogens in ruminants in Nigeria for the last twenty-two years (2000-2022). Research articles reporting the detection of any of the above-mentioned abortive pathogens in ready-to-slaughter ruminants (RTSR), sick ruminants (SR), and ruminants with abortive history (RWAH) in Nigeria were accessed using different repositories, including Google Scholar, Proquest, PubMed, ResearchGate and Scopus to determine the prevalence, spatial distribution, and associated risk factors. From a total of 140 articles selected for this review, eight bacterial, four viral, two parasitic, and two mycotic infectious agents were reported for Nigeria. This study reveals a prevalence of 28.2% viral agents, 14.43% bacterial pathogens, 14.24% protozoans, and 28.1% fungal agents in the reported tested samples. Brucellosis was the most often reported among bacterial diseases, followed by leptospirosis and listeriosis. PPRV infection was the most common viral disease, followed by BTV. Additionally, two parasitic diseases, neosporosis and toxoplasmosis, and two mycotic diseases, aspergillosis and candidiasis, were reported. In this study, stillbirth and abortion were recorded in 49.2% of sheep with PPRV, 58.95% in goats with Chlamydophila abortus and PPRV, and 6.4% in cattle with Brucella abortus and Histophilus somni infections. Lack of vaccines, open markets, and extensive husbandry systems were among the risk factors associated with different abortive pathogens. This study is a useful tool for researchers and government officers in risk assessment and management of livestock to improve livestock production in Nigeria","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":"91 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135515290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: A review of the global situation with a special reference to Oman","authors":"Haytham Ali, Aida Altubi, Mahmoud El-Neweshy, Elshafie Ibrahim Elshafie","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2023.3.0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2023.3.0060","url":null,"abstract":"Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a severe infectious disease caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) and infects goats, sheep, and wild ruminants. CCPP is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates reaching up to (100% and 80%), respectively. The disease affects goat farming around the globe in more than 30 countries, particularly in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. CCPP is manifested in peracute, acute, or chronic forms. The general characteristic clinical signs of the disease are rapid, painful, and labored respiration, dyspnea, nasal discharge, coughing, hyperthermia (41°C), anorexia, emaciation, and abnormal posture. Lesions induced by CCPP are restricted to the pleural cavity in the form of unilateral serofibrinous, pleuropneumonia, accumulation of fluid in the chest cavity, lung congestion, hepatization, formation of adhesion to the pleural coastal, and swollen mediastinal and bronchial lymph nodes. Disease diagnosis encompasses a range of methods, including bacterial culture, isolation, and identification, pathological, serological, and molecular tests. The present review provides an overview of the historical perspective, epidemiological factors, and recommended diagnostic and control strategies for CCPP in Oman.","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135607196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Aspergillus meal prebiotic in productive parameters, bone mineralization and intestinal integrity in broiler chickens","authors":"Kristen Martin, Lauren Laverty, Raphael L. A. Filho, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Roberto Señas-Cuesta, Latasha S. Gray, Raul F. R. Marcon, Andressa Stein, Makenly E. Coles, Ileana Loeza, Inkar Castellanos-Huerta, Saeed El-Ashram, Ebtsam Al-Olayan, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Juan D. Latorre","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2023.3.0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2023.3.0061","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effects of Aspergillus meal prebiotic on a spectrum of parameters, including productive performance, bone mineralization, and intestinal integrity, in broiler chickens. Day-of-hatch Cobb 500 by-product male chicks (320 total) were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (G1 and G2) in floor pens (150×300 cm), each pen containing separate feeders and watering systems (8 replicates per treatment, 20 birds/pen). Chickens kept in G1 (control) were fed a basal diet, while those of G2 (treated) were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.2% PRI-A-FERM. Performance parameters, including body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR), were evaluated weekly from the 7th day to the end of the trial at 42 d. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) was administered via oral gavage to 3 chickens/replicate (n = 24), and blood was collected on 21d and on 42d to determine serum concentration of FITC-d as a biomarker to evaluate intestinal permeability and peptide YY as an indirect biomarker to evaluate short chain fatty acids. Chickens that received the textit{Aspergillus} meal prebiotic showed a significant increase in BW, BWG, and FI on days 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 (P<0.05) and a significant reduction in FCR on days 28, 35, and 42 of evaluation compared to control. Moreover, chickens that were supplemented with the Aspergillus meal prebiotic showed a significant reduction in serum concentrations of FITC-d on both days of evaluation, as well as a significant increase in serum concentration of peptide YY. Additionally, treated animals significantly increased bone strength, total bone ash, and calcium and phosphorous content at both evaluation times compared to the control. In summary, the results of this study suggest that Aspergillus meal prebiotic supplementation can positively influence productive parameters, bone mineralization, and intestinal integrity in broiler chickens. The observed improvements underscore the importance of gut health in overall poultry performance. The findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the benefits of prebiotics (0.2%, PRI-A-FERM) in animal nutrition and highlight the potential for their practical application in enhancing poultry production systems. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize prebiotic utilization for improved broiler health and productivity","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135661536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of standardized red orange extract (Citrus sinensis) for weight reduction in canine obesity","authors":"Emerson Milla, Ivo Ilvan Kerppers","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2023.2.0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2023.2.0057","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in both humans and dogs, currently characterized as a low-intensity inflammatory state. The anthocyanins found in red oranges can assist in combating weight gain and reducing body fat accumulation by reducing lipogenesis and modulating inflammation. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of standardized dried red orange extract in reducing overweight in obese dogs compared to chromium picolinate and a placebo. In total, 23 animals were used in the current study and divided randomly into three experimental groups. All dogs received the same hypocaloric diet and supplementation: standardized Citrus sinensis red-orange extract (G1, n=9), chromium picolinate (G2, n=7), and a placebo-control group (G3, n=7). The dogs were managed by their owners for 90 days. In the distribution of the body condition score (BCS) determined at the beginning of the study, 47.8% of the animals had BCS of 6; 26.1% had BCS of 7; 8.7% had BCS of 8, and 17.4% had BCS of 9. During the program, most of the owners reported being unable to involve other residents of their households in the dogs' treatment. At the end of the experiment, the G1 group had a significant reduction in weight and BCS (p<0.01), as well as in HDL cholesterol levels (p<0.05) when compared to the other groups. It was concluded that incorporating dried red-orange extract into the diet of overweight and obese dogs can lead to weight loss and improved BCS.","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combined effects of probiotic CLOSTAT® and Aviboost® supplement on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune response of broiler chickens","authors":"Ahmed H. Abed, smail A. Radwan, Ahmed Orabi, Khaled T. Abdelaziz","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2023.3.0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2023.3.0058","url":null,"abstract":"The present study assessed the effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic CLOSTAT®, alone or in combination with Aviboost® supplement, on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, and immune response in broiler chickens. A total of 600 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into three groups: G1 (non-treated negative control group), G2 (probiotic CLOSTAT®- and Aviboost®-treated group), and G3 (probiotic CLOSTAT®- treated group). Feed intake and mean body weight were measured weekly for all groups. Sera were collected for cytokine analysis, and duodenal samples were also collected for histomorphological examination. The results revealed that the mean body weight gain was significantly increased to 2.25 and 2.2 kg/bird in G2 and G3, respectively, compared to 1.95 kg/bird in G1. Similarly, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved to 1.56 and 1.59 in G2 and G3, respectively, compared to 1.8 in G1. Serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-6 protein concentrations were significantly increased in G2 and G3 compared to G1. Furthermore, the absorptive cells of the villi revealed structural changes, including hyperplasia and increased goblet cell population and microvilli height, in G2 and G3 compared to G1. The lamina propria of duodenal villi in G2 and G3 showed increased cellularity at 22 days of age. In conclusion, the individual supplementation of CLOSTAT® and Aviboost® led to enhanced performance, intestinal morphology, and immune response. While their simultaneous supplementation slightly improved the body weight gain and FCR but did not exhibit synergistic or additive effects on intestinal morphology and systemic immune response.","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135738043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of chronic stress and intestinal inflammation on commercial poultry health and performance: A review","authors":"Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Wolfgang Eisenreich, Victor M. Petrone-Garcia, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Castellanos-Huerta Castellanos-Huerta, Guillermo Tellez Jr, Juan D. Latorre, Walter G. Bottje, Roberto Senas-Cuesta, Makenly E. Coles, Billy M. Hargis, Saeed El-Ashram, Brittany D. Graham, Awad A. Shehata","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2023.1.0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2023.1.0051","url":null,"abstract":"The gastrointestinal tract provides the biological environment for nutrient digestion and absorption. Its physical and chemical barriers are crucial to protect from invading pathogens and toxic substances. On this basis, the intactness of the gastrointestinal tract, with its multiple functions and impacts, is one of the key prerequisites for human and animal health. Undoubtedly, the functions of a healthy gut system also largely benefit the welfare and performance of animals in farming systems such as poultry industries. Broiler chickens grow rapidly, as a result of rigorous genetic programs, due to the high absorption capacity of intestinal epithelia for nutrients, the quick transport of nutrients to the muscle, and their efficient conversion into energy and biomass. Due to oxygen metabolism or enteric commensal bacteria, intestinal epithelial cells create reactive oxygen and nitrogen species physiologically. However, increased generation of these oxidants goes along with the formation of free radicals resulting in oxidative stress causing lipid peroxidation and dramatic molecular changes in the structure and function of the cell and mitochondrial membranes. These effects contribute to chronic oxidative stress and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and generally affect all chicken organs, tissues, and cells. Hence, all forms of chronic stress, regardless of the origin, negatively impact the chicken's overall performance, health, and welfare. This review article highlights some enteric inflammation models and biomarkers to evaluate gut integrity in chickens and discusses the repercussions that chronic stress and intestinal inflammation have on the health and performance of commercial poultry","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135877796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}