Revista Brasileira De Paleontologia最新文献

{"title":"Benthic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Oligocene Sequence of the Asmari Formation in the Interior Fars Sub-Zone, Zagros Belt, SW Iran","authors":"Amir Hossein Rahiminejad, Seyed Mohammad Ali Moosavizadeh","doi":"10.4072/rbp.2023.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2023.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"The benthic foraminifera of Oligocene carbonate deposits of the Asmari Formation in the Hoz-e-Bidmeshk section in the Interior Fars Sub-zone, Zagros Belt, SW Iran, were studied for biostratigraphic zonation. The Asmari Formation in the studied section is 388 m thick, conformably overlies the Paleocene–Eocene deposits of the Pabdeh Formation and is conformably overlain by the Gachsaran Formation. Nineteen genera and 20 species of benthic foraminifera were recognized in the Asmari Formation. Miliolids were identified only at the order level. The benthic foraminifera are assigned to two assemblage biozones in the formation: the Lepidocyclina spp.-Nummulites fichteli-Nummulites intermedius-Nummulites vascus and Archaias kirkukensis-Archaias asmaricus-Archaias hensoni-Miogypsinoides spp. zones. The biozones show that the studied carbonate succession of the Asmari Formation was deposited during the Rupelian and Chattian. In the late Chattian and Miocene, sea level fall prevented deposition of the Asmari Formation in the Interior Fars Sub-zone and the evaporites and shallow-marine marls of the Gachsaran Formation were deposited during the Miocene. Keywords: micropaleontology, biozonation, Rupelian–Chattian, Hoz-e-Bidmeshk section, carbonate succession, Zagros. RESUMO – Os foraminíferos bentônicos dos depósitos carbonáticos oligocênicos da Formação Asmari na seção Hoz-e-Bidmeshk na Subzona Interior de Fars, Cinturão de Zagros, SW do Irã, foram estudados para zonação bioestratigráfica. A Formação Asmari na seção estudada tem 388 m de espessura, sobrepõe-se conformavelmente aos depósitos do Paleoceno–Eoceno da Formação Pabdeh e é conformavelmente sobreposta pela Formação Gachsaran. Foram identificados dezenove gêneros e 20 espécies de foraminíferos bentônicos na Formação Asmari. Os miliolídeos foram identificados apenas em nível de ordem. Os foraminíferos bentônicos foram atribuídos a duas biozonas: as zonas Lepidocyclina spp.-Nummulites fichteli-Nummulites intermedius-Nummulites vascus e Archaias kirkukensis-Archaias asmaricus-Archaias hensoni-Miogypsinoides spp. As biozonas mostram que a sucessão carbonatada estudada da Formação Asmari foi depositada durante o Rupeliano e o Chattiano. No final do Chattiano e no Mioceno, a descida do nível do mar impediu a deposição da Formação Asmari na Subzona de Fars Interior e os evaporitos e margas marinhas pouco profundas da Formação Gachsaran foram depositados durante o Mioceno. Palavras-chave: micropaleontologia, biozonação, Rupeliano–Chattiano, seção Hoz-e-Bidmeshk, sucessão carbonática, Zagros.","PeriodicalId":49616,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Paleontologia","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed marine, brackish water, non-marine, and subaerial microfaunal association in the Red Marls Formation of the Western Aurès Basin (Upper Paleocene)","authors":"Raouia Nahnah, Sana Benmansour","doi":"10.4072/rbp.2023.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2023.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"In the western part of the Aurès Basin (northeastern Algeria), the Red Marls of El Kantara Formation records a mixed microfaunal association of non-marine-brackish ostracoda, marine foraminifera, lacustrine charophytes, and subaerial Microcodiums. Based on the recovered biotic component, it is considered that the Red Marls of El-Kantara Formation date from the upper Paleocene (Thanetian). Seven species of brackish water (Neocyprideis raoi) and non-marine ostracoda (Frambocythere tumiensis anjarensis, Paracypretta jonesi, Paracypretta verruculosa, Limnocythere deccanensis, Darwinula torpedo and Zonocypris spirula), have been discovered for the first time in Algeria and on the south Tethyan margin. Paleoenvironmentally, the overall biotic assemblage recovered indicates the presence of a freshwater palustrine/lacustrine depositional system connected to a low energy stream/river. This indicates that marginal marine conditions were prevalent in northeastern Algeria’s far inland regions. Paleobiogeographically, the seven known ostracod species have limited distributions that are until now common only with India. However, this disproved the theory that these species are endemic to the Indian Subcontinent, which is confirmed by their association with cosmopolitan charophytes. Keywords: limnic ostracoda, charophytes, paleobiogeography, Thanetian, western Aurès, Algeria.","PeriodicalId":49616,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Paleontologia","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new symmoriiform shark and other chondrichthyan teeth from the earliest Permian of southern Brazil","authors":"Victor Eduardo Pauliv, Eliseu Vieira Dias, Fernando Antonio Sedor, Luiz Carlos Weinschütz, Ana Maria Ribeiro","doi":"10.4072/rbp.2023.3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2023.3.07","url":null,"abstract":"The Lontras Shale (Itararé Group, Paraná Basin) is a relevant late Paleozoic fossil stratum in western Gondwana known as a Lagerstätte, as it presents a great diversity that includes plants, invertebrates, ichnofossils and a rich ichthyofauna, mainly composed by exceptionally well-preserved actinopterygians. The chondrichthyan remains reported here are represented by three isolated teeth, collected in dark gray levels of the Lontras Shale from an outcrop known as Campaleo, located in Mafra municipality, northeastern region of the Santa Catarina State, south Brazil. One of these teeth is considered a new genus and species, which represents the first Brazilian Symmoriiformes species known so far, while the other two are attributed to undetermined Chondrichthyes. These chondrichthyans lived alongside brachiopods, poriferans, conodonts, actinopterygians, and crossopterygian fishes in cold waters of a periglacial environment during the earliest Asselian (Cisuralian, Permian) that represents the terminal stage of the Gondwanan Glaciation. Keywords: Cisuralian, Asselian, Paraná Basin, Campo Mourão Formation, Lontras Shale.","PeriodicalId":49616,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Paleontologia","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative analysis and paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the middle Cenomanian deposits from southern Bellezma-Batna Mountains (northeastern Algeria)","authors":"Sana Benmansour, Rima Kherchouche, Abdellatif Bouteraa, Abdelmoumen Garah","doi":"10.4072/rbp.2023.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2023.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"The middle Cenomanian deposits of the southern part of the Bellezma-Batna Mountains, northeastern Algeria, have been investigated to evaluate the response of Foraminifera to variations of paleo-bathymetry, oxygen, and salinity. The Djebel Azeb section, with a thickness of 40 m, is composed of a clay-marl mass interspersed with lumachellic limestone layers. It makes up the middle part of the ‘’Marnes de Smail’’ Formation. The Turrilites acutus Subzone of the upper part of the Acanthoceras rhotomagense Zone corresponds to the Aspidiscus cristatus Total Range Zone, and the Rotalipora cushmani Zone was recognized based on the study of ammonites, scleractinian and planktic foraminifera in this section. The statistical analysis of the foraminifera yielded only one assemblage of planktic foraminifera with globular chambers and trochospiral test belonging to the Cenomanian–Turonian; no association is typically restricted to the middle Cenomanian. The benthic foraminifera are poorly represented, belonging to the orders Textulariina, Lituolina, Trochamminina, Verneuilinina, Loftusiina, Orbitolinina, Miliolina, and Rotaliina. These foraminifera assemblages indicate that the bottom-water conditions during the middle Cenomanian were characterized by periodic changes in the oxygen and salinity. All planktic foraminifera species are opportunists related to poorly oxygenated, eutrophic conditions interspersed by a short interval of well-oxygenated environment with Planolites. The maximum abundance of Whiteinella and Muricohedbergella and the minimum amount of Planoheterohelix species within the Cenomanian of Djebel Azeb reflect dwindling palaeosalinity during this time, except for a slight increase in the middle of the section. Keywords: Foraminifera, corals, biostratigraphy, oxygen, salinity, Cretaceous.","PeriodicalId":49616,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Paleontologia","volume":"33 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coneroichnus marinus ichnogenus et ichnospecies nov., a fossil trackway of marine reptile in the Maiolica Formation (Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous) from Monte Conero, Marche, Italy","authors":"Luca Natali, Giuseppe Leonardi","doi":"10.4072/rbp.2023.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2023.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"An uncommon ichnofossil, constituted of a sequence of eleven imprints, named as Coneroichnus marinus ichnog. et ichnosp. nov., is described from Mount Conero, Province of Ancona, Italy. The trackway is impressed in whitish micritic limestone of the Maiolica Formation (Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous), herein interpreted as the passage on the sea bottom of a marine reptile, softly interfering in the sediment-water interface. Its gait can be defined as half-swimming, that is the swimming in exploratory and punting propulsive contact with the mud at the bottom. We discuss the probable trackmaker and we suggest it was probably a pliosaurid Plesiosauria. The extreme rarity of ichnofossils of tetrapods on the deep-sea bottom in the whole world is herein confirmed. Keywords: Early Cretaceous, Coneroichnus marinus ichnog. et ichnosp. nov., pelagic reptile trackway.","PeriodicalId":49616,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Paleontologia","volume":"12 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new specimen of whip scorpion (Arachnida; Thelyphonida) from the Crato Formation, Lower Cretaceous of Brazil","authors":"Gabrielle de Melo Alberto, Francisco Irineudo Bezerra, Alessandro Ponce de Leão Giupponi, Márcio Mendes","doi":"10.4072/rbp.2023.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2023.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil whip scorpions (Thelyphonida) are extremely rare in the Crato Formation strata, Araripe Basin, Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) of Brazil. Only four specimens of whip scorpions have been described in this unit so far. All specimens have been assigned to the genus Mesoproctus Dunlop and only one species has been formally proposed, M. rowlandi Dunlop. For Mesozoic times, apart from Crato Formation, whip scorpions are only documented by two species in the amber deposits of the Hukawng Valley, northern Myanmar. In this scenario, each new discovery of Mesozoic whip scorpion is highly important. In addition, we present the first documented example of book lungs from a fossil whip scorpion. Here, we present and illustrate a new specimen of whip scorpion found in the Crato strata. Keywords: Crato arachnofauna, Uropypi, Mesoproctus, Aptian, Lagerstätten.","PeriodicalId":49616,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Paleontologia","volume":"R-29 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ichnology and sedimentological aspects of the Floriano Formation (Miocene of the Resende Basin), southeast of Brazil","authors":"Marianna da Cruz Motta, Hermínio Ismael de Araújo-Júnior, Mauricius Nascimento Menezes, Lucas Henrique Medeiros da Silva Trifilio","doi":"10.4072/rbp.2023.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2023.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"Many previous studies identified depositional systems for the Resende Basin using sedimentological and petrographic techniques. However, the lack of ichnological research leaves a gap in our understanding of paleoenvironment and paleoecology of this basin. Therefore, this study reports the first occurrence of trace fossils in the Floriano Formation (Miocene) and suggests more refined paleoenvironmental interpretations for this unit. We only observed ichnofossils in an outcrop on the RJ-161 road in Resende Municipality, Rio de Janeiro State. The deposit represents a floodplain overlayed by a crevasse splay, both sedimented in a meandering fluvial context. Trace fossils of terraphilic organisms – represented by Taenidium isp., Planolites isp. and Arenicolites isp. – were found in the fine-grained sediments of the outcrop. This ichnocoenosis is composed of feeding (fodinichnia), locomotion (repichnia) and/or habitation (domichinia) structures produced by worm-like invertebrates. The ichnotaxonomic assemblage consists of the first record of Scoyenia ichnofacies for a typical meandering fluvial system in Brazil. Keywords: continental ichnology, sedimentology, ichnofacies, paleoenvironment.","PeriodicalId":49616,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Paleontologia","volume":"52 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleoecologia isotópica (δ13C, δ18O) de mamíferos do Pleistoceno final–Holoceno de Ituaçu, Bahia, Brasil","authors":"Ronaldo Araujo Leoni, M. Dantas, A. Cherkinsky, Laís Alves-Silva","doi":"10.4072/rbp.2023.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2023.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Isotopic paleoecology (δ13c, δ18o) of mammals from the late Pleistocene–Holocene of Ituaçu, Bahia, Brazil. In this paper, the isotopic paleoecology (δ13C, δ18O) of fossils of the mammals Alouatta sp., Cebus sp., Myocastor coypus, Dicotyles tajacu, Tamandua tetradactyla, and Tapirus terrestris collected in Lapa do Bode cave, Ituaçu Municipality, State of Bahia, is described. Radiocarbon ages of 6,480–6,653 Cal yr. BP (14C collagen = 5,790±25 years) were obtained for T. tetradactyla and 27,798–28,221 Cal yr. BP (14C collagen = 23,950±50 years) for M. coypus. The herbivore taxa (T. terrestris, δ13C = -14.9 ‰; Alouatta sp., δ13C = -13.0 ‰; M. coypus, δ13C = -12.7 ‰) had a diet composed mainly of C3 plants (piC3< 80%), indicating forested environment, a similar interpretation also suggested from other taxa that ingested >60% C3 plants such as Cebus sp. (δ13C = -13.1 ‰); D. tajacu (δ13C = -9.7 ‰; T. tetradactyla, δ13C = -11.0 ‰), allowing to suggest that these taxa lived in low-density forests and arboreal savanna habitats. Keywords: caves, paleodiet, carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes.","PeriodicalId":49616,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Paleontologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46804843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new herrerasaurid dinosaur record from southern BrazilL (Upper Triassic) and its faunal association","authors":"Fernanda Britto da Silva, A. Martinelli, Jorge Ferigolo, A. M. Ribeiro","doi":"10.4072/rbp.2023.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2023.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"The Predebon Site, located in São João do Polêsine, Quarta Colônia region (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) has a Triassic fauna, including footprints and traces of small vertebrates and abundant remains of rhynchosaurs. This fauna is typical of the Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone, which is correlated to the late Carnian Ischigualasto Formation (Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin) in Argentina. The present study records new fossil remains for the Predebon Site collected in 2001 that consists of two dorsal and two sacral vertebrae referred to the same individual (MCN-PV 10344), and two isolated, serrated blade-shaped teeth (MCN-PV 10425 and 10426). The trunk vertebrae were identified as between 11th and 15th. The sacral vertebrae are fully fused, with no indication of another fused vertebral element, not even signs suggestive of dorsosacral and caudosacral vertebrae, also because the ilia are not preserved. The general characteristics observed are: (i) lateral fossa in the vertebral body; (ii) concave ventral face of the vertebral body; (iii) neural spine high and wide at the top, subquadrangular in shape, in both dorsal and sacral vertebrae; (iv) infrapre- and infrapostzygapophyseal ridges on the dorsals; (v) presence of hyposphene and hypantrum; and (vi) first sacral vertebra larger than the second, with transverse processes and broad sacral ribs, triangular in shape in dorsal view. This set of features in the vertebral elements is similar to that present in Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis from the Ischigualasto Formation and allows us to consider MCN-PV 10344 as a member of the Herrerasauridae clade. It differs from Staurikosaurus pricei, which has three smaller and more slender sacral vertebrae and a low neural spine without subquadrangular platform at the top, and from Gnathovorax cabreirai, which has subrectangular platforms, slightly more elongated anteroposteriorly, suggesting the presence of a new herrerasaurid morphotype. The two isolated, serrated blade-shaped teeth were attributed to Archosauriformes indet., because this morphotype is observed in several groups within this clade. Keywords: Dinosauria, Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone, late Carnian, Predebon Site, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":49616,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Paleontologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43884338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new nominal genus for “Prestosuchus” chiniquensis Huene, 1938 (Triassic of southern Brazil): Huenesuchus, genus novus et combinatio nova","authors":"Edio-Ernst Kischlat","doi":"10.4072/rbp.2023.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2023.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"The nominal genus Prestosuchus Huene was originally proposed comprising two nominal species but without a valid indication of the type-species. According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, this indication is essential for proposals after the year 1930. Consequently, both nominal species, although valid, have a very uncomfortable situation. Therefore, a new nominal genus, Huenesuchus, is here proposed to correct this nomenclatural situation to be used in the new combination Huenesuchus chiniquensis. In addition, it is noted that two class-group names that have been used lately in the literature are previously occupied. The first, Suchia Krebs, is previously occupied by Simpson. The second, Loricata Merrem, is previously occupied by Schumacher. Therefore, two substitute names are here proposed: Holosuchia for the first and Loricatosuchia for the second. Keywords: Archosauria, Prestosuchus, Huenesuchus, Santa Maria Formation, Triassic.","PeriodicalId":49616,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Paleontologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41400839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}