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Hydro-ecological State of Ukrainian Water Bodies Under the Influence of Military Actions 军事行动影响下乌克兰水体的水文生态状况
4区 环境科学与生态学
Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54740/ros.2023.017
Valentyna Stelmakh, Mykhailo Melniichuk, Oleh Melnyk, Ivan Tokarchuk
{"title":"Hydro-ecological State of Ukrainian Water Bodies Under the Influence of Military Actions","authors":"Valentyna Stelmakh, Mykhailo Melniichuk, Oleh Melnyk, Ivan Tokarchuk","doi":"10.54740/ros.2023.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2023.017","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to analyse the impact of military operations on the hydro-ecological state of water bodies in Ukraine, analyse potential military risks and assess the prospects for recovery in the water sector. The war leads to the destruction of water supply infrastructure and, secondly, to the pollution of natural waters with sewage and ammunition. Thus, Ukraine's hydro-ecological condition of natural watercourses and reservoirs is deteriorating during a full-scale war. First, we analysed the literature and modern scientific publications and studied the current state of the water bodies of Ukraine under martial law. The article analyses the key consequences of military operations on water bodies, including the destruction of water infrastructure and hydraulic structures, contamination by explosives and destroyed military equipment, flooding by mine water, and leaks from tailing ponds. Special attention is paid to the results of water quality monitoring in wartime. The authors systematised and reviewed the key incidents of destruction and damage to hydraulic structures since the beginning of the war. Potential risks to water bodies in the context of Russian aggression are studied. Finally, the author analyses the directions of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine and proposes a list of practical steps necessary to restore water resources. The author's view on post-war reconstruction measures in water resources is offered. In addition, environmental organisations and local authorities can use the results of this scientific research.","PeriodicalId":49590,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135404387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Selected Properties of Reinforcing Composite Bars for Concrete Elements Prepared from Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles 废旧聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)瓶制备混凝土构件增强复合钢筋的性能选择
4区 环境科学与生态学
Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54740/ros.2023.018
Jacek Katzer, Paweł Grzybowski, Janusz Kobaka
{"title":"Selected Properties of Reinforcing Composite Bars for Concrete Elements Prepared from Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles","authors":"Jacek Katzer, Paweł Grzybowski, Janusz Kobaka","doi":"10.54740/ros.2023.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2023.018","url":null,"abstract":"A concept of producing reinforcing bars for concrete elements from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles is presented in the paper. The proposed technology of production harnesses strips of PET cut from bottles and thermal treatment. Finally, a sand-resin coating is applied to the composite bars. Produced bars can be differentiated by utilising different numbers of strips influencing the diameter of a bar. The key mechanical properties of the bars containing 3 to 8 strips were tested during the research program. Maximum loadings and displacements were established. Problems regarding the future application of the bars in question were discussed. Areas of need for further research were pointed out.","PeriodicalId":49590,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135443332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discrete-Pulsed Energy Input Based Method for Neutralisation of the Acidic Condensate 基于离散脉冲能量输入的酸性冷凝物中和方法
4区 环境科学与生态学
Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54740/ros.2023.021
Bogdan Tselen, Georgiy Ivanitsky, Oleksandr Obodovych, Nataliya Radchenko, Anna Nedbailo, Liubov Gozhenko
{"title":"Discrete-Pulsed Energy Input Based Method for Neutralisation of the Acidic Condensate","authors":"Bogdan Tselen, Georgiy Ivanitsky, Oleksandr Obodovych, Nataliya Radchenko, Anna Nedbailo, Liubov Gozhenko","doi":"10.54740/ros.2023.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2023.021","url":null,"abstract":"The article's authors analysed the most perspective and widely known methods of neutralising the acidic condensate, which is a by-product of natural gas combustion. Among them, the hydrodynamic cavitation method was the most effective. In this regard, it was proposed to improve this method by using the method of discrete-pulsed energy input, which involves neutralisation due to the degassing process. Based on the mathematical model of the bubble ensemble dynamics, a numerical simulation of the formation and growth of vapour-gas bubbles in the process of cavitation boiling of condensate was carried out. Also, an analytical study of the evolution of the vapour-gas bubble population and changes in the current vapour content of the condensate during its boiling was investigated under different values of the initial size of gas micronuclei. The results of the experimental study also confirmed the effectiveness of this method and showed that almost complete removal of carbonic acid from condensate occurs during the first two minutes of processing. That is evidenced by the increased pH values of condensate, which corresponds to the range of permissible pH values of distilled water. Therefore, the carbonic acid in the condensate is absent. Using this method will significantly reduce the environmental effect and the amount of harmful emissions.","PeriodicalId":49590,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135059422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Variability of Odour Emissions from Selected Passive Area Source: Preliminary Analysis for a One-year Study at a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Poland 来自选定的被动区域源的气味排放的可变性:对波兰一个市政污水处理厂为期一年的研究的初步分析
4区 环境科学与生态学
Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54740/ros.2023.023
Piotr Sobczyński, Urszula Miller, Izabela Sówka
{"title":"Variability of Odour Emissions from Selected Passive Area Source: Preliminary Analysis for a One-year Study at a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Poland","authors":"Piotr Sobczyński, Urszula Miller, Izabela Sówka","doi":"10.54740/ros.2023.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2023.023","url":null,"abstract":"Passive area sources, such as primary settling tanks, located near wastewater treatment plants can significantly impact odour air quality. This paper presents the variability of odour emissions from the primary settling tank at the Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (MWWTP) during a one-year study of odour concentrations determined by dynamic olfactometry. The investigations indicated that the highest monthly average value of the specified odour emission rate was for July (49.89 ouE/m2/s). Preliminary statistical analysis results using a multiple regression model showed the statistical significance of the independent variables in the form of wastewater temperature and retention time concerning the specific odour emission rate values.","PeriodicalId":49590,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135659484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermomodernization – Rescue for the Building 温度现代化-建筑物的救援
4区 环境科学与生态学
Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54740/ros.2023.020
Magdalena Orłowska
{"title":"Thermomodernization – Rescue for the Building","authors":"Magdalena Orłowska","doi":"10.54740/ros.2023.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2023.020","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses issues related to modifying existing buildings to improve their condition in terms of lower energy consumption and reducing heat loss. The study takes the form of a review. Current systems and data are described according to relevant standards. The issue of the energy efficiency of the building is explored. A list of the most common ways of thermal modernization has been presented. Financial support programs were discussed. The merits and drawbacks of the solutions are delineated.","PeriodicalId":49590,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136209530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Possibilities of Fulfillment and Consequences of Introducing the Carbon Intensity Indicator in International Shipping 在国际航运中引入碳强度指标的实现可能性和后果
4区 环境科学与生态学
Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54740/ros.2023.026
Jerzy Herdzik
{"title":"Possibilities of Fulfillment and Consequences of Introducing the Carbon Intensity Indicator in International Shipping","authors":"Jerzy Herdzik","doi":"10.54740/ros.2023.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2023.026","url":null,"abstract":"Maritime transport contributes to stimulating the development of civilisation. According to the European Environment Agency, around 1/4 of the total CO2 emissions in the EU in 2019 came from the transport sector, of which 71.7% were from road transport. The share of CO2 emissions from maritime transport is estimated to be about 3% of the world's. In terms of energy demand for moving a specific load over a specific distance, it is currently the cheapest form of transport. The International Maritime Organization's activities aim to reduce the environmental impact of this form of transport. The article discusses the expected effects of the regulations introduced until 2023. Regulations have a significant impact on the increase in transport costs. There may be far-reaching changes in the shipping market that have an indirect (rather unintended) effect due to the introduced regulations. \"Side effects\" can be very severe, especially for shipowners with a small number of ships. The article attempts to draw attention to such threats.","PeriodicalId":49590,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134884076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minimization of Energy Consumption of Vortex Devices for Granulation of Materials 物料造粒的涡旋装置的能耗最小化
4区 环境科学与生态学
Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54740/ros.2023.019
Anatoliy Pavlenko, Andrii Cheilytko, Sergii Ilin, Hanna Karpenko
{"title":"Minimization of Energy Consumption of Vortex Devices for Granulation of Materials","authors":"Anatoliy Pavlenko, Andrii Cheilytko, Sergii Ilin, Hanna Karpenko","doi":"10.54740/ros.2023.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2023.019","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the possibility of efficient energy and environmental use of vortex devices for the granulation of solids. The factors influencing the energy consumption for generating a vortex flow with dispersed solid inclusions are analysed. A mathematical model for calculating the aerodynamic drag of a vortex apparatus in a clean gas flow, which was used in computer modelling, is presented. The main dependencies for determining the influence of the geometric dimensions of the vortex on its aerodynamic drag are also given. An analytical solution to the problem of minimising the aerodynamic drag of a vortex apparatus during the movement of a dispersed medium is considered. The forces acting on the particles in the cyclone chamber during interaction with the gas are analysed. In this paper, a general method for calculating the parameters of cyclone-vortex devices for dispersed media using the basic equations of hydrodynamics and gas dynamics is developed. The solution approach used in this paper can be extended to other vortex devices not considered in this work.","PeriodicalId":49590,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska","volume":"287 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135913120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Retention and Water Needs of Natural Grass Turf of Football Fields 足球场天然草皮的保水和需水量
4区 环境科学与生态学
Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54740/ros.2023.027
Piotr Stachowski
{"title":"Retention and Water Needs of Natural Grass Turf of Football Fields","authors":"Piotr Stachowski","doi":"10.54740/ros.2023.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2023.027","url":null,"abstract":"The paper contains a detailed assessment of three full-size football fields constructed in 2019-2022 to meet the basic conditions for proper operation and maintenance. As a result of field and laboratory tests on permeability and retention capacity of the fields' base and drainage layers, they were found to meet the requirements set out in the standard DIN 18035. It ensures that rainwater and snowmelt are quickly drained from the turf's surface. The grass turfs of the football fields under study meet the conditions for properly performing one of the basic care treatments – irrigation. The base layer can retain an average of 10.3 mm of water in comfortable water availability conditions, depending on the football field. It is the value of a single dose net, which should be used for sprinkler irrigation of grass turf of football fields. However, considering the drainage layer, this dose could be increased to 12.5 mm. Considering the percentage content of generally available water and assuming less comfortable water availability conditions, the appropriate doses net are 12.5 mm on average. In comparison, for both layers together, they are 15.4 mm on average.","PeriodicalId":49590,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135660448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Predicting the Level of Ecological Safety for Man-made Objects 人造物体生态安全水平预测
4区 环境科学与生态学
Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54740/ros.2023.024
Elena Smirnova, Shirali Mamedov, Alexander Shkarovskiy
{"title":"Predicting the Level of Ecological Safety for Man-made Objects","authors":"Elena Smirnova, Shirali Mamedov, Alexander Shkarovskiy","doi":"10.54740/ros.2023.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2023.024","url":null,"abstract":"The authors explored the utilization of simulation models as a means to ensure environmental safety, using the industrial hub of Kemerovo as an illustrative example. The article analyzes the factors that have contributed to the deterioration of the environment in the region for decades. It has been established that in terms of the overall percentage distribution of emissions from stationary sources, energy enterprises (73.0%), chemical and petrochemical industries (4.7%), and black metallurgy enterprises (7.8%) are leading in the city of Kemerovo. Simulation modelling has shown that the cause of high concentrations of harmful substances in the atmosphere of Kemerovo is due to the negative factors of industrial and household activities and their impact on environmental safety. High correlation and sensitivity coefficients indicate a lack of new available technologies in the region's industry and transport that could prevent air pollution. The forecasting model has indicated a potential two, three or even greater increase in emissions. For example, in the long-term perspective, by 2063, manufacturing emissions could potentially increase by 35 times, leading to irreversible ecological consequences. Extreme pollution and depletion of natural resources could make living in this region impossible.","PeriodicalId":49590,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska","volume":"734 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135319092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of Contamination with Gasoline and Diesel Oil on Shear Strength of Coarse Grained Soil 汽油和柴油污染对粗粒土抗剪强度的影响
4区 环境科学与生态学
Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54740/ros.2023.022
Bartłomiej Brzeziński, Andrzej Olchawa
{"title":"Effects of Contamination with Gasoline and Diesel Oil on Shear Strength of Coarse Grained Soil","authors":"Bartłomiej Brzeziński, Andrzej Olchawa","doi":"10.54740/ros.2023.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2023.022","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents research results into the influence of motor fuels on the shear strength of coarse-grained soil. The soil was classified following the unified soil classification system PN-EN ISO 14668-1 as saGr. The soil samples were artificially contaminated with three percentage ratios of motor fuels 5, 7.5 and 10% in relation to the dry mass of the soil skeleton. The test results have shown that motor fuel contamination significantly impacts the tested soil's mechanical properties. Increasing the content of impurities causes a significant decrease in shear strength parameters. For soil contaminated with 5%, 7.5% and 10% of motor fuel, i.e. gasoline or diesel, the angle of internal friction decreased by 8%, 15% and 20%, respectively. Along with the impurities increase, the soil's ultimate bearing capacity, calculated following EC-7, showed a dramatic decrease. The decrease was 40%, 57% and 66% respectively.","PeriodicalId":49590,"journal":{"name":"Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135059735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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