المجلة الاردنية للتاريخ والآثار最新文献

{"title":"‘Izz al-Dīn al-Zanjānī and His Scientific Contribution to Mathematics and Astronomy","authors":"Ouassila GHERABA","doi":"10.35516/jjha.v17i3.780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v17i3.780","url":null,"abstract":"In this research paper, light is shed on unknown life of a forgotten mathematician. He achieved a fame through his writings and literary works that highlighted his scientific personality. He lived in a tense and dark period of Islamic history in Islamic East. This mathematician is ʿIzz al-Dīn al-Zanjānī, who lived in the first half of seventh century AH/ thirteenth century AD during Mongol invasion of Islamic East. We also try to enumerate his various works in mathematics and astronomy with their locations in different libraries of the world, and refer to books of his authorship that were attributed to others.","PeriodicalId":495065,"journal":{"name":"المجلة الاردنية للتاريخ والآثار","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drinking Scenes in Ancient Mesopotamia in the Light of the Seals from Tall al-Faras","authors":"Awsam Bahar","doi":"10.35516/jjha.v17i3.753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v17i3.753","url":null,"abstract":"At the site of Tell al-Faras in Iraq a hole was found in the floor of one room, which contained a number of artistic objects, including 23 cylinder seals, dated to the third Early Dynastic period (2600–2350 BC). Eight of those seals depict drinking scenes. Seven of them are studied in this article, in which we clarify the importance of drinking in ancient Mesopotamia, the occasions in which drinking councils are held, who the drinkers were, and the purpose of depicting these scenes. Based on a corpus of 160 known seals engraved with scenes of drinking, we explain the design of the artistic scene in the seal, the numbers of drinkers and those in charge of their service, and the means of drinking in them.","PeriodicalId":495065,"journal":{"name":"المجلة الاردنية للتاريخ والآثار","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"اسم جديد من أسماء الله الحُسنى في نقش إسلامي مبكِّر من جنوب الأردن","authors":"Omar Al-Ghul","doi":"10.35516/jjha.v17i3.947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v17i3.947","url":null,"abstract":"يناقش البحثُ اسمَ علمٍ يَرِدُ في نقش عربي يرجعُ إلى أوائل القرن الثاني الهجري، اكتُشف في وادي شيرة بجنوب الأردن في ثمانينيات القرن العشرين. وعلى الرَّغم من أنَّ عددًا من الباحثين اشتغل بالنقش، فإنهم لم يولوا اسمَ صاحبه عنايةً كافية. يخلصُ البحثُ بعد مناقشة الاحتمالات المختلفة لشكل الاسم إلى أنَّ لفظه -على الأرجح- هو \"عبد العَلا\"، ويلفت النظر إلى أنَّ هذا الاسم يَرِدُ للمرَّة الأولى ضمنَ أسماء العلم العربيَّة، غيرَ أنَّ أهم ما يلفت النظر في الاسم أنه يصف الله -سبحانه وتعالى- باسم لم يرد سابقًا ضمن القوائم المتَّفق عليها لأسماء الله الحُسنى؛ لِذا يناقش البحثُ هذه الأسماءَ والأحاديثَ والآراءَ الواردة بشأنها في المصادر الإسلاميَّة؛ سعيًا إلى فهم المعطيات الدينيَّة التي أتاحت ظهورَ هذا الاسم خلافًا لما هو متوقع. وعليه، فقد خلصَ البحثُ إلى أنَّ استخدام هذا الاسم يرجع، في المحلِّ الأول، إلى الموقف المتساهل الذي أبداه الفقهاءُ تجاه تقنين أسماء الله الحُسنى، معتبرين إيَّاها قائمة \"مفتوحة\" من الألقاب، لا كبيرَ حرج في الإضافة إليها. وقد استُخدم هذا الاسم أيضًا لشبهه بأسماء أخرى من أسماء الله الحُسنى مشتقة من الفعل \"علا\"، مثل \"عبد العَلي\".","PeriodicalId":495065,"journal":{"name":"المجلة الاردنية للتاريخ والآثار","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135885085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching and Researching the History and Archaeology of Jordan during the Bronze and Iron Ages (ca. 3600 – 1200 BC)","authors":"Zeidan A. Kafafi","doi":"10.35516/jjha.v17i3.684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v17i3.684","url":null,"abstract":"The history of nations is their political and cultural identity, but this recorded history, which began with the knowledge of writing in the East about 3200 years BC and has continued until the present, has seen difficulties and declines in civilizations. What concerns us in this article is shedding light on an important period of Jordan’s ancient history – the Bronze and Iron Ages (c. 3600-332 BC) – which scholars of religion and the Bible contect with stories in the Bible beginning with the the Israelites leaving Egypt, their coming to Palestine and their establishing their state. It is important for us to shed light on who undertook and undertakes recording that history and the methodologies followed and the interpretation of antiquities and ancient inscriptions related to that history. We have seen that it is necessary to the extent possible to clarify Jordan’s role in the study of Jordan’s ancient history by the Jordanian universities that study history and archaeology and related fields. Since the establishment of the emirate in 1921, Jordan has attached great importance to archaeology, establishing a Department of Antiquities that remained under the control of the Mandate until the Arabization of the army in 1956. Also, in the same year in which the University of Jordan was established (1962), a Department of History and Archeology was established, and the university sent students abroad to study ancient history. Some other Jordanian universities did likewise. Unfortunately, recent years have seen a decline in research and teaching about the Bronze and Iron Ages; a number of faculty members in this field have retired, and universities have either refrained from sending students abroad or have stopped hiring new faculty members. In addition, the sub-sciences related to archaeology have overshadowed the original, hoping that students will get a job, as a result of graduates in archaeology flooding the market. In order for the matter to be rectified, it is necessary to establish a research center or centers based on scientific research and publishing in the ancient history of Jordan, following a unified approach based on scientific evidence.","PeriodicalId":495065,"journal":{"name":"المجلة الاردنية للتاريخ والآثار","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abu Shamah, Historian of the Crusades 599-665 AH / 1202-1267 AD","authors":"Baker Mohammed Sarayrah, Mahmoud Mohammed AL Rwaidi","doi":"10.35516/jjha.v17i3.1814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v17i3.1814","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the life and scientific career of Abu Shamah, the role of his father in his education, and the legal school that he followed. Abu Shamah was known as the most important of the sheikhs and students of his legal school, and he avoided senior positions in the state and remained in teaching positions. Abu Shama recorded the history of the Crusades from 491 AH / 1098 AD until 665 AH / 1267 AD, the year of his death. This study focuses on his approach to the history of the Crusades, the image of the Franks he had through the texts he cited, and the sources from which he derived his information. The study shows that Abu Shamah provided an abundance of information about the Crusades. To give a clear and complete picture of the content of these narratives, it is necessary to subject them to quantitative study that breaks up the historical material and arranges and analyizes it in a way that enables the study to reach accurate results, identical to the information provideed by other historical sources, and to show the political conditions of the Muslim countries, and the results of the campaigns launched by the Franks.","PeriodicalId":495065,"journal":{"name":"المجلة الاردنية للتاريخ والآثار","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of the German Police in Maintaining Internal Security from the Defeat of Germany in World War I until the Fall of the Weimer Republic from the Perspective of German Researchers – An Analytical Study","authors":"Abdul Majeed Ibrahim Al Haj Ali","doi":"10.35516/jjha.v17i3.1816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v17i3.1816","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the burden that Germany’s defeat in World War I had on the German police in two respects: first the police were directly affected by the Treaty of Versailles and second, the police suffered – indirectly – from the pressure of increased resistance to the peace treaty and they had to constantly suppress internal disturbances. Although this study did not describe in detail the very long and complex process of reorganizing the police force, it does show that the police force did not have enough time to build a tightly integrated police force, due to repeated reorganizations within short time frames. The German police apparatus failed not only as a guardian of internal order, but also failed to protect its interests as an institution. The most important studies of German researchers dealt with the construction of the German police force and the problems it faced in different aspects and periods of time, and did not address this subject in an integrated manner for the period between 1918 and 1933, and the opinions of German researchers varied in explaining many of the attitudes and events suffered by the German police in that period. The study relies on a historical analytical approach based on the investigating information from its primary sources, and analysing its content and classifying in relation to the subject matter of the study.","PeriodicalId":495065,"journal":{"name":"المجلة الاردنية للتاريخ والآثار","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"مصادر البخاري","authors":"Shahrazad ‘Moh’d Saleh’ Obeid","doi":"10.35516/jjha.v17i3.434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v17i3.434","url":null,"abstract":"تتناول الدراسة الحالية مصادر البخاري التي استند إليها لدى تأليفه \"الجامع الصحيح\"، التي تكوَّنت من كتب ومصنفات في الحديث والتفسير واللغة والفقه والتاريخ وغيرها. تلك المصنفات التي كانت منتشرة ومتوافرة في حواضر العالم الإسلامي طوال القرنين الثاني والثالث الهجريين، وهو ما ينقض الفكرة الموروثة السائدة من اعتماد البخاري على التراث الشفوي فقط عند تأليفه \"الجامع الصحيح\"، وأنه إنما دوّن الصحيح من حفظه لما عاد إلى بخاري في أواخر أيامه؛ فقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن البخاري استند إلى موروث جم: مكتوب وشفاهي، وذلك بالاعتماد على طرق نقل وتحمل الحديث مثل \"الإجازة\" و\"الوجادة\" و\"السماع\" و\"العرض والمناولة\"، بل إن اعتماده على الموروث الكتابي كان أكبر بكثير من اعتماده على النقل الشفاهي؛ فقد اعتمد البخاري على مجموعة أدبية واسعة من المصنفات الحديثية، مثل \"الموطأ\" لمالك بن أنس و\"المصنف\" ولأبي بكر عبدالله بن أبي شيبة، إضافة إلى اعتماده على مصنفات لغوية وفقهية، مثل أعمال أبي عبيد القاسم بن سلام والإمام الشافعي، ومصادر أخرى في التفسير والتاريخ والأدب. كما تناولت الدراسة معلقات أو تعليقات البخاري، وهي الأحاديث التي وردت خالية من السند أو سقط منها بعض رجاله التي كونت في مجملها نحو خُمس الجامع الصحيح.","PeriodicalId":495065,"journal":{"name":"المجلة الاردنية للتاريخ والآثار","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"نقوش ديدانية لحيانية جديدة من موقع ددن (الخريبة) في المملكة العربية السعوديَّة","authors":"Mohammed Aael Ali Al-Thibi","doi":"10.35516/jjha.v17i3.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v17i3.275","url":null,"abstract":"يتناول هذا البحث بالدراسة أربعة نقوش من موقع ددن (الخريبة) الأثري، التي اكتُشِفَت في منطقة المركز الديني بالموقع في الموسم التاسع 2012م للأعمال الميدانية لقسم الآثار بجامعة الملك سعود (الذيبي وآخرون 2020: 15-30). تظهر دراسة هذه النقوش مضامين المجتمع الديداني وجوانبه الاجتماعية والدينية والاقتصادية ونشاطات حياته اليومية؛ حيث يُظهر بعضها أن هناك طبقة في المجتمع السكاني من عوائل موقع ددن نسبت نفسها لحرفتها ومهنتها بالصانع والصائغ، إضافة إلى احتوائها على مضامين أخرى، مثل أسماء الأعلام، والدلالات الدينية كالأدعية والألفاظ التعبُّديَّة والنذريَّة، وذكر الإله الرئيس (ذو غيبة \"ذو غابة\") عند الديدانيين واللحيانيين.","PeriodicalId":495065,"journal":{"name":"المجلة الاردنية للتاريخ والآثار","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}