Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Psihologiâ最新文献

{"title":"Information identity and perception of information as a new digital everyday life","authors":"Tatiana Martsinkovskaya, Natalia Andreeva (Golubeva), Svetlana Preobrazhenskaya","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2023.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.304","url":null,"abstract":"The psychology of everyday life has been studied for a long time and has accumulated a lot of new data, in contrast to its specificity in the context of a digital society as a digital everyday life. Objective is to theoretically analyze the difficulties that arise in digital everyday life and empirically explore new trends in the development of information identity and information perception. The first study was devoted to the study of the leading way of perceiving and processing information and its relationship with the level of information awareness and the style of information identity in two age groups — young people from 16 to 27 years old (N = 100) and middle-aged people from 27 to 50 years old (N = 80). The second study was devoted to the relationship between the style of information identity, and the scale of adherence and scale of satisfaction with life in the information society. The respondents in this case were young people, students of Moscow universities aged from 17 to 25 years (N = 100). Obtained materials in recent studies gave the opportunity to identify new trends in the ways of perception and processing of information, as well as in information identity styles in different age groups. Information awareness in the older age group is much higher than in the group of young people. At the same time, the digital way of perceiving and processing information in both age groups is approximately equal and exceeds the percentage of people with other leading modalities. In the same way, the information style of identity is much more typical for people of different ages.","PeriodicalId":494690,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Psihologiâ","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135596987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality self-representation change in circumstances of “goal — affordance” incongruity and situational opportunities","authors":"Veronika Mamaeva-Niles","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2023.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.306","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the current work was to study the influence of incongruence of an individual’s goals and situational affordances on the self-representation in everyday situations. In the course of the study, participants (N = 62) first gave a self-assessment of their personality traits, after which they defined relevant goals in six pairs of situational vignettes on the SAAP scale, then selected adjectives from the list describing their state in situations of congruency (CS) and non-congruency (NCS) with their primary goals. Finally, the valence of self-representation in CS and NCS was determined. The results of the study showed that in all six pairs of compared situations there were changes in goals, from complete or partial replacement of goals to important changes in their significance for the respondents. Multiple regression analysis allowed us to conclude that situational determinants as explanatory variables can better explain the manifestations of agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness and openness in the NCS, compared to stable traits. However, stable traits explain the manifestations of neuroticism in the NCS better than situational characteristics. The results of the study confirm the assumption that changed goals cause the manifestation of traits and states that differ from stable dispositions. The quantitative analysis of adjectives with positive and negative emotional-evaluative meaning showed that in the NCS respondents were 2.57 times more likely to choose attributes with a negative emotional-evaluative meaning compared to the CS, which confirms the hypothesis of the predominance of negative valence of self-representation in the conditions of goal incongruency. The findings indicate that the change in self-representation in the NCS significantly and in the theoretically expected way were associated with a change in goals as a result of change in situational affordances.","PeriodicalId":494690,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Psihologiâ","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135596998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosomatic and behavioral reactions at competitions in female gymnasts 4–10 years old raised in families with different upbringing styles","authors":"Ekaterina Shindrikova, Aleksandra Lovyagina, Natalia Ilina","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2023.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.308","url":null,"abstract":"Rhythmic gymnastics is a complex coordination sport with early professionalization. The specifics of sports training and competitive situations from a young age are accompanied by highintensity physical and emotional loads, which are stressogenic factors. Frequently repeated situations of neuropsychological stress can lead to emotional stress, which increases the risk of psychosomatic reactions. Some features of family upbringing observed in the families of athletes can increase the risk of psychosomatic reactions. The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between psychosomatic reactions in a competitive situation in young gymnasts 4–10 years old with the features of family upbringing style, the identification of predictors of psychosomatic reactions in a competitive situation. The sample of the study consisted of 44 families with female gymnasts 4–10 years old. The study was conducted with the use of methods by E.G.Eidemiller ASV, E. S. Schäfer PARI, R.K.Bell, author’s questionnaires “Parent/Trainer’s perceptions of the child’s experience of the competition situation”. Mathematical processing of the data included descriptive statistics, Correlation, Single Factor Variance, Factor and Regression analyses. Psychosomatic and behavioral responses to competition were found to differ among gymnasts raised in families with different family upbringing characteristics. It was found that irritability of the parent, irascibility, avoidance of contact, the desire to accelerate the child’s development, superauthority of the parent and some other features of family upbringing style are associated with increased neuropsychological excitement, the emergence of emotional stress. Family parenting style features such as hyperprotection and emotional distance with the child are prevalent in families of gymnasts 4–10 years old. The irascibility, severity, lack of parental acceptance and desire to change their child increase the nervous and mental agitation of young gymnasts in competitive situations. In competitive situations in female gymnasts 4–10 years old, overauthority of the parent, excessive severity, avoidance of contact and projection of undesirable qualities onto the child are predictors of gastrointestinal disturbances.","PeriodicalId":494690,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Psihologiâ","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135597001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The practice of intuitive drawing in overcoming the consequences of traumatic stress in combat participants","authors":"Olga Sbitneva","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2023.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.309","url":null,"abstract":"The conditions of modern professional activity of special units of internal affairs bodies are characterized by a significant intensity of mental stress, as well as a wide variety and heterogeneity of circumstances that can lead a person into a state of affect, complete disorientation in the environment. Employees need to assess the situation impartially and make adequate decisions taking into account its unpredictability. In such conditions, the ability to self-control over your feelings and behavior is very important. A special role in this process is played by the mental state, which is an important part of the regulation of behavior and is significant in any kind of activity. Extreme conditions of service create the need for a psychological study of the emotional states in which the fighters are after participating in hostilities in order to provide them with timely and necessary psychological assistance. The purpose of this work is to find the most effective methods of restoring vital resources, especially in conditions of transformation of society and the growth of social tension. The author adheres to the hypothesis that the art-therapeutic practice of intuitive drawing is effective in the psychological correction of negative states. The proposed experience of working with negative emotions of police officers is effective as a way of expressing personal problems, which makes it possible for a psychologist not only to determine the direction for psychological work, but also to use this practice in correcting the negative mental state of an employee. Art therapy, as a creative process, allows you to feel and understand yourself, express thoughts and feelings freely, get rid of negative experiences. By drawing, the employee gives an outlet to his feelings, desires, dreams, rebuilds his attitude to various situations and traumatic images, and also plunges into positive feelings for a while, distracting himself from negative thoughts and states.","PeriodicalId":494690,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Psihologiâ","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135597011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological stability of the personality in the light of the psychology of values: The dialectic of constancy and variability","authors":"Marina Guseltseva","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2023.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.301","url":null,"abstract":"THe issues of value transformations today come to the fore in educational practices and psychological research, includes different levels of cognition, forms a common problem field in the social sciences and the humanities, where a person’s value priorities are considered as prerequisites for his behavioral strategies, subjective preferences and political choices. However, the problem of relationship between values and psychological stability of a person in a transitive society remains insufficiently studied. THe purpose of the article is to discuss the psychological stability of a person in the context of the psychology of values. It has been established that reliance on values in a situation of sociocultural changes, awareness and self-reflexivity are prerequisites for the psychological stability of a person, which, depending on different research angles, can be interpreted in two ways: on the one hand, as self-determination, an internal locus of control, adherence to independently chosen life guidelines, on the other hand, adaptability, flexibility, readiness to situationally respond to changes and rebuild behavioral strategies. In this regard, the dialectic of constancy and variability becomes a methodological basis for interpreting the psychological stability of a person as a complex and antinomic process. Values connect subjective and objective, emotional and conceptual, existential and cognitive content, acting as a kind of bridge between the studies of personality and society, the methodology of psychology and social sciences. THe transdisciplinary approach is consistently used as a methodological strategy aimed at generalizing in a single conceptual framework the relationship between personality development, the evolution of society and culture, the dynamics of values changing in the course of sociocultural transformations. In this context of transdisciplinary discourse, a construct is introduced and substantiated — the axiological space of socialization. THe construct makes it possible to combine both directed influences on a person from the side of his social environment and educational institutions, as well as dispersed, diffuse, latent influences due to current changes in everyday life and the peculiarities of the modern way of life. It is assumed that in methodological terms, the axiological space of socialization contributes to the integration of research into the psychology of personality, the psychology of subject, the psychology of everyday life in the field of social sciences.","PeriodicalId":494690,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Psihologiâ","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135596771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ordinary ideas about self-determination of personality: Structure and phenomenology","authors":"Maria Odintsova, Natalia Moskvicheva, Svetlana Kostromina, Elena Zinovyeva","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2023.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.305","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the description of ordinary ideas about the phenomenon of selfdetermination, which is actively discussed in modern scientific literature. The theoretical foundations for the development of the concept of “self-determination” and a multilevel complementary model of this phenomenon are presented. The results of the empirical study of common ideas about this concept as a way of empirical verification of the theoretical model and clarification of its content are presented. The study was conducted using a semi-structured interview, the sample consisted of 72 respondents (mean age — 23.7 (SD = 5.34; M0 = 21; Me = 22)). It was revealed that most of the respondents had not heard about the concept of self-determination before (63.9%), however, they can roughly describe its content. Most often, when describing self-determination, there are such characteristics as self-understanding, selfdetermination and self-knowledge; independence in behavior; the ability to make decisions; control over one’s life; striving for results and achievements; the presence of a pronounced motivation for action; awareness; as well as indications of connection with the concepts of freedom, responsibility, reflection. The revealed common ideas are consistent with scientific ideas about self-determination as a set of characteristics and processes of an individual’s activity, which are distinguished by purposefulness, arbitrary regulation and relative freedom from external factors. More than half of the respondents (60%) consider themselves to be self-determined people, and when describing other people, they consider them to be self-determined, based primarily on their ability to overcome life’s obstacles. Comparison of the data obtained with the developed theoretical complementary model of self-determination showed that in ordinary concepts, it is possible to distinguish the components of all three levels of the complementary theoretical model: meaningful self-determination (highest level), activity self-determination (middle level), and spontaneous self-determination (basic level). Mostly, ordinary ideas contain characteristics of the activity level, however, when differentiating the concepts of self-regulation and self-determination, the respondents point to the semantic accents of the phenomenon of self-determination: a mature attitude and responsibility for building one’s life.","PeriodicalId":494690,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Psihologiâ","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135596797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work memory development dynamics in children aged 5 to 7 in a period of social isolation: The role of screen time and the number of children in the family","authors":"Margarita Gavrilova, Elena Chichinina","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2023.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.307","url":null,"abstract":"Reduced growth rates of working memory in pre-school children during periods of social isolation have previously been documented. However, the question of whether and how long it takes children to compensate for these deficits has remained open. The present study examined the longitudinal dynamics of verbal and visual working memory development in children between the age of 5 and 7 inclusive, taking into account home environment factors such as the duration of screen time during the pandemic and the number of children in the family. Screen time during social isolation was reported to range from 2 to 44 hours per week. The general pattern of development of verbal and visual working memory during this period was a natural increase, independent of screen time and number of children in the family. However, as the screen time increased, both the actual level of development of verbal working memory at each diagnostic cut-off and the rate of its development as the child grew older decreased. The most pronounced negative impact on verbal working memory development from extended screen time was reported among only children in the family. Continued use of digital devices led not just to a slower rate of development of verbal working memory, but to a temporary regression of it. Children in this part of the sample were able to compensate for the regression in verbal working memory development and catch up with their peers only after returning to a systematic educational process in resumed kindergartens.","PeriodicalId":494690,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Psihologiâ","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135596773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purpose regulation of human behavior","authors":"Natalia Grishina","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2023.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.302","url":null,"abstract":"In descriptions of the determination of human behavior, along with the influences of his past experience or the current situation, in modern personality psychology, the constructs of the future (life plans, possible I, etc.) begin to occupy an increasing place, among which the goals of a person play an important role. Goals are the most important regulator of human activity, the implementation of which requires an image of the result to which it is aimed (“the model of the necessary future” according to Bernstein). Goals, in contrast to motives and needs related to the same phenomenological field, are situational in nature. Lewin’s concept of life space emphasizes the inextricable connection of a person with situations and the context of life activity; to concretize this connection, Thomas introduces the concept of “defining a situation”, Vygotsky — “experiencing”. The notion of purpose must be included in these descriptions: “defining the situation” is cognitive, “experiencing” describes the affective component of this connection, “goal” refers to the missing “behavioral” (“efficient”) component; in interaction with the situation, all these components “work” together, ensuring its understanding, assessment of significance and its compliance with the goals of the person. In accordance with the concept of the contextual nature of goals, a level differentiation of goal regulation is proposed, which appears as tasks to be solved when interacting with specific situations, as goals proper in a life context, and as meanings when interacting with existential reality. We put the contex tual understanding of goals as the basis of a hypothetical model of goal regulation, which was tested in an empirical study. The results obtained showed the connection between a person’s goals and the probability of their achievement in the specific conditions of his life situation, assessed by him in terms of how much he has already managed to realize the plans and expectations of the past, and the significance of goals in specific areas of life is determined by what he is ready to do for them, achievements, including changing one’s life situation or changing oneself. Thus, the thesis about the contextual nature of goals was confirmed.","PeriodicalId":494690,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Psihologiâ","volume":"278 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135596800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metacognitive monitoring and control in distributed cognition","authors":"Nadezhda Moroshkina, Ilia Zverev, Ludmila Nezdoimyshapko, Roman Tikhonov","doi":"10.21638/spbu16.2023.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.303","url":null,"abstract":"Today we experience an ongoing expansion of the range of available information, advanced communication technologies, and an increase in multitasking. This has resulted in a distributed nature of cognitive activity, where external resources, devices and other people are involved. That’s why the development of metacognitive knowledge and strategies is crucial for effective usage of one’s own cognitive abilities, as well as cultural and technological advances. In this review we analyze and describe the specifics of metacognitive monitoring and control in the context of distributed cognition. First of all, we consider different approaches to explaining how metacognitive judgments are formed, we then analyze empirical studies of the involvement of metacognitive judgments in regulation of cognitive performance. The article emphasizes the importance of metacognitive experiences and judgments in prevention and correction of cognitive errors, searching for and integrating information from external sources, and making joint decisions. It has been shown that metacognitive experiences and judgments based on them play a crucial role in building representations of one’s own competence when solving the problem. Metacognitive experiences are also involved in regulating the search for information, initiating cognitive offloading and seeking help from others. They also play an important role in the formation of epistemic trust in other people and accepting their advices, improving effectiveness through social verification of knowledge, and are used as heuristic in joint decisions making.","PeriodicalId":494690,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Psihologiâ","volume":"273 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135597008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}