Scientific inquiry and review最新文献

Bivariate and Multivariate Data Cloning through Non Linear Regression Models 利用非线性回归模型克隆双变量和多变量数据

Scientific inquiry and review Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.32350/sir.73.01

Sajid Hussain, Zafar Iqbal, None Muhammad Mansoor, None Rashid Ahmed

引用次数: 0

Epidemiology of Type-II Diabetes and its Risk Factors in Punjab, Pakistan: A Retrospective Study 巴基斯坦旁遮普ii型糖尿病流行病学及其危险因素:一项回顾性研究

Scientific inquiry and review Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.32350/sir.73.05

Rana Mateen, Asma Tariq, Mureed Hussain, Muhammad Irfan Fareed, Waseem Sajjad, Imran Tipu, Rukhsana Parveen

{"title":"Epidemiology of Type-II Diabetes and its Risk Factors in Punjab, Pakistan: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Rana Mateen, Asma Tariq, Mureed Hussain, Muhammad Irfan Fareed, Waseem Sajjad, Imran Tipu, Rukhsana Parveen","doi":"10.32350/sir.73.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.73.05","url":null,"abstract":"Type-II diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, which has affected more than 465 million people globally and has become the ninth leading cause of mortality. The current study aims to determine risk factors associated with type-II diabetes such as BMI, cholesterol levels, physical activity, and smoking along with co-morbidities associated with this disease. The data was collected from the province of Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, a survey was performed for investigating the prevalence of type II diabetes and associated risk factors combined with it. A sample size of 265 patients was collected and interviewed through a questionnaire who were observed having type-II diabetes. A questionnaire was designed to record these patients’ responses. The questionnaire contained sub-categorizes, such as participants characteristics, lifestyle, and comorbidities associated with the disease. The findings indicated that the mean BMI was 25.62 in the studied cohort. However, 78% of the patients had a family history of diabetes. Moreover, 76% of the participants were reported to be non-smokers and 75.67% of the participants reported atypical features associated with this disease. It was also observed that 13 % of the patients with low BMI (less than 18.5) had gastrointestinal diseases and 14.72% of the patients with a BMI greater than 18.5 but less than 25 had hypertension, and 8.30 % of the patients with more than 30 BMI also had hypertension. High BMI was found to be a major risk factor associated with type-II diabetes in this study population. The patients observed with high BMI were also more prone towards comorbidities associated with this disease. However, data suggested that most of the patients had familial type-II diabetes.","PeriodicalId":494426,"journal":{"name":"Scientific inquiry and review","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Screening of Actinomycetes Isolated from Soil and their Antimicrobial Activity against Plant Pathogens 土壤中放线菌的筛选及其对植物病原菌的抑菌活性研究

Scientific inquiry and review Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.32350/sir.73.06

Rahat Zamir, Sumaira Mazhar, Huma Shafique, Roheela Yasmin

{"title":"Screening of Actinomycetes Isolated from Soil and their Antimicrobial Activity against Plant Pathogens","authors":"Rahat Zamir, Sumaira Mazhar, Huma Shafique, Roheela Yasmin","doi":"10.32350/sir.73.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.73.06","url":null,"abstract":"Actinomycetes abundantly present in soil are renowned for various secondary metabolites production with a wide range of use in diverse fields of life. Many reports are available on the use of actinomycetes for the regulation of pathogenic microbes in plants. For this purpose, this study used thirteen Actinomycetes strains, which were isolated from the fields of Piplan (district Mianwali) Punjab, Pakistan. However, out of thirteen, only seven were found active for the production of both primary and secondary screening. The active seven actinomycetes (AW1, AW2, AW3, AW4, AM1, AC1, and AC2) were separated for their microbial potential against pathogenic strains (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) isolated from the same agriculture soil. About 42.85% of isolated actinomycetes (three out of seven) showed antagonistic properties against S. aureu and E. coli in primary screening. Thus, it was noticed that the three strains (AW3, AM1, and AC1) had great antimicrobial potential, which showed the most promising results. Whereas in Secondary screening only AC1 showed the best result with ethyl acetate extract as compared to ethanol, methanol, and chloroform. Hence, It was concluded that actinomycetes isolates had great potential for antibacterial activity and they can be used in agriculture industry for the regulation of plant pathogens.","PeriodicalId":494426,"journal":{"name":"Scientific inquiry and review","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes: An Overview 碳纳米管的合成、性质及应用综述

Scientific inquiry and review Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.32350/sir.73.07

Shabbir Hussain, Uzma Akbar, Muhammad Ahmad, Muhammad Ibrar, Zulfiqar Ali, Muhammad Waqas, Sheikh Asrar Ahmad, Syed Mustansar Abbas, Habib Ullah, Sehrish Anwar

{"title":"Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes: An Overview","authors":"Shabbir Hussain, Uzma Akbar, Muhammad Ahmad, Muhammad Ibrar, Zulfiqar Ali, Muhammad Waqas, Sheikh Asrar Ahmad, Syed Mustansar Abbas, Habib Ullah, Sehrish Anwar","doi":"10.32350/sir.73.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.73.07","url":null,"abstract":"The current study attempts to review the literature concerning the synthesis, properties, and application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The methods used to produce carbon nanotubes include laser ablation, electric arc discharge, chemical vapor deposition, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, pulsed laser deposition, use of low-frequency ultrasound waves, heating a bulk polymer, and bulk sputtering. CNTs have excellent mechanical and thermal properties that strongly depend upon their structure. Functionalized magnetic CNTs are involved in magnetic force microscopy used in biomedicine. The liquid and plastic limit of kaolinite can be increased by adding CNTs to it. In the medical field, CNTs have numerous applications including gene delivery to cells, cancer therapy, drug delivery, and tissue regeneration. Their antioxidant nature also enables them to be used in cosmetic products and in the field of dermatology. They are also used to purify the environment, water, and in modern food-packaging technology. The sensors containing CNTs composite pellets are sensitive to gases, such as NH3, CO2, and CO H2O. CNTs are used to construct gas containers for hydrogen storage. They are also considered ideal for structural applications and their properties can be improved by making their composites with metals. Such metals may be introduced into the core of CNTs by different methods including solid-state reaction, arc-discharge method, and electrochemical techniques. The value of absorbed hydrogen gas in CNTs varies between 0.4 and 67 mass %. Recent advances encourage more research on CNTs to increase their clinical applications in the future.","PeriodicalId":494426,"journal":{"name":"Scientific inquiry and review","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring Breast Cancer Texture Analysis through Multilayer Neural Networks 利用多层神经网络探索乳腺癌纹理分析

Scientific inquiry and review Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.32350/sir.73.03

Aalia Nazir, Hafiz Ullah, Ghulam Gilanie, Shabbir Ahmad, Zahida Batool, Asghar Gadhi

{"title":"Exploring Breast Cancer Texture Analysis through Multilayer Neural Networks","authors":"Aalia Nazir, Hafiz Ullah, Ghulam Gilanie, Shabbir Ahmad, Zahida Batool, Asghar Gadhi","doi":"10.32350/sir.73.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.73.03","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is a significant health problem for women globally; however, timely detection can reduce female morbidity and mortality. Early breast screening has become imperative for all women, though, adequate screening facilities are necessarily required in developing countries like Pakistan, where breast cancer is a leading cause of death. To encounter this chronic disease, various image processing techniques have been introduced to automatically diagnose breast cancer from digital mammograms. The current study deployed data from a population of 35 participants. The mammograms used for screening were 5 normal, 15 benign, and 15 malignant patients. The breast images were marked by the radiologist and the system was trained with normal, benign, and malignant classes. Moreover, Multilayer Neural Networks (MNN) based texture analysis methodology was adopted to distinguish normal, benign, and malignant breast images. Reportedly, an automated approach was used to detect breast conditions after conducting the analysis of digital mammograms. Statistical parameters, namely sum, mean, variance, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness, energy, and entropy were calculated, analyzed, and compared for the normal, malignant, and benign breast images. The results indicated a 100% accuracy after the analysis. The results of the extracted statistical parameters were promising and reliable in distinguishing between normal, malignant, and benign breast mammograms, again indicating the need for early detection of the disease to minimize the risk of breast cancer among women.","PeriodicalId":494426,"journal":{"name":"Scientific inquiry and review","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rising Arsenic Level in Drinking Water: A Study of Schools and Local Areas of Multan, Pakistan 饮用水中砷含量上升:对巴基斯坦木尔坦地区学校和地区的研究

Scientific inquiry and review Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.32350/sir.73.02

Muhammad Zohaib Zulfiqar, Faiza Rao, Anam Rao, Syeda Fizza Raza Zaidi

{"title":"Rising Arsenic Level in Drinking Water: A Study of Schools and Local Areas of Multan, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Zohaib Zulfiqar, Faiza Rao, Anam Rao, Syeda Fizza Raza Zaidi","doi":"10.32350/sir.73.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.73.02","url":null,"abstract":"Water is the basic need for the survival of all living organisms; however, its contamination has caused disastrous effects on human health. Almost 80% of the total population in Pakistan is forced to use unsafe drinking water due to the scarcity of clean water sources. To assess, the risk involved and to monitor the amount of Arsenic and bacterial growth in drinking water, water samples were collected from different government schools and underdeveloped areas of Multan, Pakistan. Moreover, water samples were collected by randomly visiting areas and were sent for laboratory analysis to determine and detect the arsenic amount along with other parameters including aesthetic, physical, chemical, and bacteriological growth. The results indicated that all the data collected from Govt. schools and developed locality were having a large amount of arsenic in drinking water. A huge amount of Coliform growth was found in the Peer colony water, which indicated a highly unhealthy intensity of pollutant water for the population residing in this area. Therefore, urgent and regular monitoring of drinking water in Multan was required to prevent such contamination.","PeriodicalId":494426,"journal":{"name":"Scientific inquiry and review","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fluidic Simulation and Optimization of Microchannels for Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) by Using Fuzzy Technique 基于模糊技术的视网膜静脉闭塞(RVO)微通道流态模拟与优化

Scientific inquiry and review Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.32350/sir.73.04

Muhammad Javaid Afzal, Farah Javaid, Muhammad Ilyas Yasin, Shahzadi Tayyaba, Muhammad Waseem Ashraf

{"title":"Fluidic Simulation and Optimization of Microchannels for Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) by Using Fuzzy Technique","authors":"Muhammad Javaid Afzal, Farah Javaid, Muhammad Ilyas Yasin, Shahzadi Tayyaba, Muhammad Waseem Ashraf","doi":"10.32350/sir.73.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.73.04","url":null,"abstract":"A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) is a diminutive machine having electronic and mechanical components with a size ranging from 20 µm-1 mm. In this present-day world, MEMS fabrication techniques have remodeled the conventional approaches towards system fabrication. Microfluidics is an eminent domain of MEMS in which small volumes of fluids are disciplined in micro-channels having dimensions in the submillimeter to achieve the desired outputs. Microfluidics have revolutionized the realm of compact system fabrication through preeminent inventions like lab-on-a-chip technology. Microchannels of various architectures are fabricated to employ microfluidic systems depending upon the required function of the device. In ophthalmology, Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) is an ailment in which small veins that take away blood from the human eye's retina are blocked or fissured, causing vision loss. Therefore, in this study, four micro-channels with different architectures, namely, sinusoidal, U-shaped, spiral, and curvilinear, were simulated by using the fuzzy technique to investigate the optimization of fluids for the implantation process to fix the RVO elixir. The two most critical parameters in retinal vein flow rate and velocity were taken at the output for optimization. Hence, fuzzy fluidic simulation revealed that curvilinear micro-channels were the best fit for biomedical implantation to treat RVO malady.","PeriodicalId":494426,"journal":{"name":"Scientific inquiry and review","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134931786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0