World Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"The efficacy of complicated grief therapy for DSM‐5‐TR prolonged grief disorder","authors":"Christine Mauro, Robert A. Tumasian, Natalia A Skritskaya, Margaret Gacheru, Sidney Zisook, Naomi M. Simon, Charles F. Reynolds, M. Shear","doi":"10.1002/wps.20991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20991","url":null,"abstract":"World Psychiatry 21:2 June 2022 2. Wolpe J. Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1958. 3. Lewinsohn PM, Libet J. J Abnorm Psychol 1972;79:291-5. 4. Bellack AS, Hersen M. Research and practice in social skills training. London: Plenum, 1979. 5. Meichenbaum DW, Goodman J. J Abnorm Psychol 1971;77:115-26. 6. Beck AT. Am Psychol 1991;46:368-75. 7. Linehan M. Bull Menn Clin 1987;51:261-76. 8. Banta HD, Saxe L. Am Psychol 1983;38:918-23. 9. Kanfer FH, Saslow G. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965;12:529-38.","PeriodicalId":49357,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48463316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"After the acute crisis – engaging people with psychosis in rehabilitation‐oriented care","authors":"D. Siskind, Alison Yung","doi":"10.1002/wps.20970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20970","url":null,"abstract":"World Psychiatry 21:2 June 2022 services, based on evidence­based public policies and practices on a national level. International research groups, including scientists and service users from low­ and middle­income countries, are the key to the collection and timely dissemination of data on the best models and practices, with the goal to provide the evidence for sus­ tainable acute psychiatric care delivery.","PeriodicalId":49357,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42935045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centering equity in mental health crisis services","authors":"Matthew L. Goldman, Sarah Y. Vinson","doi":"10.1002/wps.20968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20968","url":null,"abstract":"243 ate adaptations in psychiatric intensive care units, secure mental health services, emergency departments, and wards for other age groups. However, the staff short­ ages and considerable pressures faced by those working in mental health care also create considerable barriers for those im­ plementing interventions and undertak­ ing related research. A narrative review of the literature found a relatively small body of research on the use of closed circuits television (CCTV) to increase security for patients and staff in acute psychiatric units, but recognized the trade­off with privacy. CCTV increased sub­ jective feelings of safety amongst patient and staff, but there was no evidence that it increased objective security or reduced vi­ olence. CCTV and, more recently, infrared cam­ eras have also been used to conduct close ob­ servations and monitoring of vital signs in patients, including in seclusion. Such tech­ nology can be less invasive for patients, reduce sleep disruption when making checks, and can be preferred by some pa­ tients as it avoids staff entering a person’s private space. This may reduce triggers for conflict and aggression, and subsequent psychological harm associated with con­ tainment measures. Video monitoring can also allow over­stimulated patients to be left alone, while enabling staff to carry out their observations. On the other hand, the use of electronic surveillance can be seen as distancing and dehumanizing. Studies suggest that the main factor in comforting patients and re ­ ducing trauma during an episode of se clu­ sion or restraint is contact and commu­ nication with staff. Symptoms of fear, dis ­ trust or delusions can be worsened in some patients, and there are concerns that CCTV might increase paranoid thoughts or trig­ ger distressing memories of prior abuse involving videos. Video cameras might di­ rectly contribute to an atmosphere of de­ tachment, control and fear, which could promote occurrence of the very events that surveillance is supposed to reduce. Video­ ing patients, especially in distress, can fuel feelings of shame and touches the right to privacy. These concerns and the need for more re­ search are important, as the increasing avail­ ability and affordability of digital technol­ ogies has seen body worn cameras (BWC) being introduced to inpatient units, in emer­ gency departments and for paramedics in ambulances. BWCs are small devices that can be worn on clothing, which record sights and sounds in the vicinity of the wearer. Men tal health staff are being asked to wear BWCs and to switch them on dur­ ing inci dents, or sometimes at the request of a pa tient. It is hoped that the use of BWCs will defuse situations, reduce aggression, and increase accountability and evidence­ gathering around serious incidents. How­ ever, a recent systematic review of the liter­ ature identified only two low­quality eval­ uations of BWC use in mental health wards, with mixed results though some indication of ","PeriodicalId":49357,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42353548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WPA Working Group on Medical Students: current initiatives and future priorities","authors":"Muhammad Waqar Azeem, Howard  Y. Liu, N. Imran, Bernardo Ng, Khalid Bazaid, Pronob K. Dalal, Mohan Issac, Afzal Javed","doi":"10.1002/wps.20980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20980","url":null,"abstract":"World Psychiatry 21:2 June 2022 WPA public health mission to emphasize the importance of risk factors and to adopt evidence-based preventive and rehabilitative interventions. The WPA Working Group on IDD has participated this year in the initiative called Rehabilitation 2030, sponsored by the WHO Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Disability, Violence, and Injury Prevention, aiming to develop a package of rehabilitative interventions along with specified resource requirements for their delivery. The overarching goal is the improved care of persons with IDD across the lifespan, with a particular emphasis on LMICs. Following on these ground-breaking approaches in classification and evidencebased interventions, the Working Group is now promoting a second paradigm shift aiming to include training on IDD within mainstream psychiatry, once again with a particular emphasis on LMICs. Three important arguments justify this call. First, when polled about their knowledge on the impact of IDD, many trainees in psychiatry recognize the disproportionately high burden of co-occurring mental disorders in persons with IDD. Second, when offered opportunities to interact with persons with IDD during rotations, many trainees in psychiatry regard such experiences as highly formative and inspiring. Third, and most important, psychiatry as a profession has the potential to improve significantly the care for persons with IDD. Furthermore, the gap in mental health services for persons with IDD is too significant to be compensated by an ad hoc reliance on individual providers and families, and their resilience is not limitless. Moreover, within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, persons with IDD are facing the utmost intensification of inequities in term of underlying medical liabilities, inability to socially distance, increased infection and mortality risks, challenges to participate in telehealth services, and ensuing social isolation and adverse mental health outcomes. The Working Group and the WPA leadership invite Member Societies to work collectively to enhance efforts for the development of inclusive training models in the mental care of persons with IDD. The Working Group is ready to provide awareness raising, training, and research collaboration to promote and disseminate effective services and thereby improve the lives and outcomes for persons with IDD. For this purpose, the Working Group is developing an open access handbook focusing on global aspects of the psychiatry of IDD, with authorship from both LMICs and high-income countries. In parallel, the Working Group is developing online educational materials summarizing the key aspects of psychiatric care in people with IDD. These resources will be accessible through the WPA educational portal in 2022. The WPA Working Group on IDD encourages systematic exposure to and experience in this area for all psychiatrists, so that they can adjust treatments for cooccurring mental disorders and avoid diagnostic o","PeriodicalId":49357,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46104992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activities and technologies: developing safer acute inpatient mental health care","authors":"Alan Simpson","doi":"10.1002/wps.20967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20967","url":null,"abstract":"World Psychiatry 21:2 June 2022 provide a wide range of interventions. Vari­ ations among team practices suggest that it is hard to practice all elements or compo­ nents well, and that sometimes different components can compete, e.g., ensuring rapid response to new referrals vs. provid­ ing intensive care with frequent visits to current service users. Local adaptations are often necessary, and this may add to challenges in comparing complex inter­ ventions across sites and countries. Johnson et al’s overview describes a wide range of acute psychiatric care mod­ els used in various stages and contexts. For most of these models, there is a lack of research­based evidence, and achiev­ ing evidence for all these models may not be possible. However, a possible path may be to use research models currently under development for complex interventions to study individual elements of acute psychi­ atric care. If such research could identify which elements are critical for what types of clinical effect, these elements could be applied and studied within various models and contexts. One dilemma of the increasing special­ ization and differentiation in mental health services, including acute psychiatric care, is the increasing discontinuity of care for service users who need services through several phases of illness. Models with more generic or integrated teams may secure more continuity in the personal relation­ ships between the service user and the service provider. Efficiency requirements focus on management of disorders, but often leave little room for the interaction of providers with persons with these dis­ orders. We need to know more about which out­ comes are most important for service users and what elements of acute psychi­ atric care contribute to the various out­ comes. As a part of this, it is important to better understand how continuity of care and therapeutic relationships contribute to positive patient experiences and out­ comes in acute psychiatric care, and how these two critical elements may be pro­ vided.","PeriodicalId":49357,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45680582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No service is an island: towards an ecosystem approach to mental health service evaluation","authors":"A. Rosen, L. Salvador-Carulla","doi":"10.1002/wps.20963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20963","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49357,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44531394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WPA Working Group on Public Mental Health: objectives and recommended actions","authors":"J. Campion, A. Javed","doi":"10.1002/wps.20981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20981","url":null,"abstract":"Mental disorder is reported to account for almost a third of global disease burden as measured by years lived with disability (YLDs). On the other hand, mental wellbeing results in broad positive impacts. Effective public mental health interventions exist to treat mental disorder, prevent associated impacts, prevent mental disorder from arising, and promote mental wellbeing and resilience. However, only a minority of those with mental disorder receive treatment, with far lower coverage in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). There is even less coverage of interventions to prevent associated impacts of mental disorder, and negligible coverage of interventions to prevent mental disorder, or promote mental well-being and resilience. This implementation gap represents a breach of the right to health, and results in population-scale suffering and associated economic costs. The gap has further widened during the COVID-19 pandemic. The United Nations (UN) Sustainable Developmental Goals have set a target of universal coverage by 2030 which includes treatment and prevention of mental disorder and promotion of mental well-being. The most recent World Health Organization (WHO) Mental Health Atlas highlighted that “global targets can be reached in 2030 only if there is a collective global commitment over the next 10 years across Member States to make massive investments and expanded efforts at the country level relating to mental health policies, laws, programmes and services”. Public mental health involves a population approach to improve coverage, outcomes and coordination of interventions to treat mental disorder, prevent associated impacts, prevent mental disorder from arising, and promote mental well-being and resilience. This aims to support efficient, equitable and sustainable reduction in mental disorder, promotion of population mental well-being, and achievement of the UN Sustainable Developmental Goals target of universal coverage by 2030. The WPA Action Plan 2020-2023 promotes public mental health as a guiding principle. A Working Group on Public Mental Health has been then established, including experts such as J. Allan, F.K. Baingana, J. Campion, Y. Huang, A. Javed, N. Lamb, S. Levin, C. Lund, M. Marmot, S. Saxena, T. Schulze, E. Sorel, H. Tu, P. Udomratn, and M. van Ommeren (observer). The Working Group highlighted that public mental health is not well defined or understood, with some languages having no terms for it. This contributes to lack of action on relevant issues. The Group agreed upon the definition outlined above, which is reported on the Group webpage of the WPA website (www.wpanet.org/publicmental-health) and in a recent publication. The main objective of the Working Group is to improve implementation of public mental health interventions in four ways. The first is to raise awareness, value, acceptance and prioritization of this area in national health policies. The second is to promote national assessments of public mental heal","PeriodicalId":49357,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41996450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repurposing fluvoxamine, and other psychiatric medications, for COVID‐19 and other conditions","authors":"E. Lenze, A. Reiersen, P. Santosh","doi":"10.1002/wps.20983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20983","url":null,"abstract":"regarding the efficacy of various treatments. But this study also shows an important role for psychiatrists in managing, and supervising, the long-term neuropsychiatric effects of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":49357,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":"21 1","pages":"314 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43415290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute psychiatric care: the need for contextual understanding and tailored solutions","authors":"Kuruthukulangara S. Jacob","doi":"10.1002/wps.20964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20964","url":null,"abstract":"World Psychiatry 21:2 June 2022 care system has been used to estimate the optimal workforce in full time equivalents in acute wards and acute day care in the Basque Country (Spain), and the relative technical efficiency of service provision in catchment areas, including both acute and non­acute services. Impact analysis is another key compo­ nent of the evaluation in mental health care. This should not be limited to end­point re­ sults on individuals. Major attention should be paid to the process of implementation and the analysis of the readiness, usability, adoption and penetration of a new service in real world environments. The empha­ sis on fidelity should be balanced with the need for adaptation to local con texts. Additional mention should be made of the role of international networks in pro­ moting new models of care and imple­ mentation. Relevant examples are the Crisis Now/Recovery International glob­ ally growing network of facilities, which provides welcoming, peer­partnership and firmly community­based service fa­ cilities, not backed as yet by published rigorous research; the I­CIRCLE consor­ tium, that promotes community models in urban environments; and the EUCOM model of community care in Eu rope. The broader bio­psycho­socio­cultural innovations have evolved with an empha­ sis on complexity science, co­design with lived experience and family expertise, hu­ man rights facilitation and community­ based recovery approaches. Attempts to fragment and undo cost­effective commu­ nity­based reforms are often accompanied by demands for ever­more hospital beds. These hospital­centric views should no long ­ er prevail over responsive, wholistic ecosys­ tems, integrating community and hospital components. Transforming acute mental health care towards community models exceeds men­ tal health systems, heralding broader reform of general acute health care and support systems towards community care. To keep on­track with previous advances, the eval­ uation of the mental health sector acute care should adopt a health care ecosystem perspective, including systematic assess­ ment of the service delivery systems, their impact on processes, outcomes, workforce, and especially service users and families, val ­ orizing lived experiences.","PeriodicalId":49357,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46270311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From inter‐brain connectivity to inter‐personal psychiatry","authors":"G. Dumas","doi":"10.1002/wps.20987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20987","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49357,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48987654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}