Italian Journal of Geosciences最新文献

{"title":"Probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis of the Anghiari - Città di Castello normal fault (Italy)","authors":"A. Testa, A. Valentini, P. Boncio, B. Pace, F. Visini, F. Mirabella, C. Pauselli","doi":"10.3301/ijg.2021.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2021.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49317,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Geosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43145014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic microzonation in a complex volcano-tectonic setting: the case of northern and western Ischia Island (southern Italy)","authors":"M. Mancini, Maria Chiara Caciolli, I. Gaudiosi, Giorgio Andrea Alleanza, G. Cavuoto, M. Coltella, G. Cosentino, V. Di Fiore, A. d'Onofrio, Francesco Gargiulo, G. Milana, A. Pietrosante, P. Pompa, F. Silvestri, M. Vassallo","doi":"10.3301/ijg.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"On August 21, 2017, the volcanic island of Ischia was struck by a Mw 3.9 (http://cnt.rm.ingv.it/event/16796811) earthquake which caused two victims and heavy damages on wide portions of the Casamicciola Terme, Lacco Ameno and Forio municipalities. Following the Decree 1/2018 of the Government Commission for the reconstruction of damaged areas of Ischia Island, a Grade 3 Seismic Microzonation study was committed by each municipality to private consultants, who were scientifically supported by a multidisciplinary team of geologists, geophysicists and geotechnical engineers from CNR, INGV and University of Naples “Federico II”. The existing data from previous geological and geotechnical investigations were integrated with the results of new geo-lithological surveys and geophysical measurements (HVSR, MASW, Down hole tests) carried out by the consultants. The whole amount of data was quality checked, homogenized and collected in a SQLite/SpatiaLite geodatabase using a QGIS open source software by the support team. A geo-lithological map of northern and western sides of the island was then produced, and the results of routine geophysical tests were coupled with those of seismic 2D ambient vibration arrays, to obtain shear wave velocity profiles (several hundreds of meters deep) down to the seismic bedrock, made of lithic tuffs and lavas, and to define its buried morphology. This in turn enabled to draw a map of seismically homogeneous microzones of the entire study area. Cyclic torsional shear tests were carried out on 10 undisturbed soil samples, mainly taken from epiclastic cover deposits, to characterize their non-linear behavior to be adopted for seismic response analyses. These latter were carried out along 1D profiles characterizing each microzone and along selected 2D cross sections running from the Mount Epomeo to the coast. The dynamic analyses allowed to detect and map areas characterized by variable amplification factors, of spectral accelerations throughout different ranges of periods (0.1-0.5s, 04.-0.8s, 0.7-1.1 s). The zones most prone to site amplification are those corresponding to localized graben-like depressions at the toe of Mount Epomeo, such as Maio neighborhood of Casamicciola, where thickened epiclastic covers are entrenched into blocks of uplifted bedrock and where a combination of 1D stratigraphic amplification and 2D reflection and diffraction effects is expected.","PeriodicalId":49317,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Geosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43114091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An inter-disciplinary/multi-step approach in defining the input motion for the seismic analysis of masonry buildings struck by the May 29, 2012 M6.0 Emilia earthquake in Northern Italy","authors":"A. Famá, E. Zuccolo, F. Bozzoni, C. Lai, L. Martelli","doi":"10.3301/ijg.2021.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2021.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49317,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Geosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43261806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frost action and human occupation during the Late Pleistocene in the Italian Southern Alps: micromorphological evidences from the Caverna Generosa cave","authors":"Eleonora Sessa, F. Bona, L. Angiolini","doi":"10.3301/ijg.2020.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2020.28","url":null,"abstract":"The Late Pleistocene has been characterised by frequent and intense climatic oscillation, well recorded in the Caverna Generosa cave deposits. In this work, micromorphological analyses have been performed on samples from the cave where the stratigraphy is particularly well exposed and complete, in order to obtain temporal and spatial information on climate- and human-related processes during MIS3 and 4. The older layers (more than 50 ka BP - Before Present - old) record a very cold time interval, where ice did not melt during the warmer season, and with little or no vegetation outside the cave. During this cold stage, probably, humans spent a short period in the cave, using bones to light the fire and, later, cave bears dug their hibernation beds in the innermost room. Subsequently (between 50 ka BP and 40 ka BP) a relatively brief climatic amelioration should have occurred, leading to the onset of ice melting during the summer season. Between 40 ka BP and 30 ka BP, loess deposited in the cave entrance, indicating cold and arid conditions in the area. After loess deposition, recovered wet conditions have re-established with freeze and thawing processes influencing the sediments.","PeriodicalId":49317,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41582975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"150 years of plans, geological survey and drilling for the Fréjus to Mont Blanc tunnels across the Alpine chain: an historical review","authors":"G. D. Piaz, A. Argentieri","doi":"10.3301/ijg.2020.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2020.29","url":null,"abstract":"Since Roman age, people living on both sides of the Alps had been seeking different ‘north-west passages’, first overriding the mountains and then moving under them. The first idea of a tunnel under the Mont Blanc was envisaged by de Saussure in 1787. In the 19th century a growing railway network played a fundamental role for the Industrial Revolution, but was hampered for the southern countries by the barrier of the Alps, so that modern transalpine railways became essential for the Reign of Sardinia. This paper presents an historical review of first suggestions, projects, field survey, failed attempts and successful drilling works across the Alps, from the Frejus (1871), San Gottardo (1882) and Simplon (1906) railway tunnels to the Grand St Bernard (1964) and Mont Blanc (1965) highway tunnels, relived within the advances of regional geology and mapping. The Frejus tunnel was conceived by Medal, projected by Maus between Modane and Bardoneche and approved by a ministerial commission, but it was abandoned due to the insurrection of 1848. Later, it was taken up again, developed by Sommeiller, promoted by Cavour himself, and approved in 1857. Technical management was assigned to Sommeiller, Grattoni and Grandis. Frejus was the first, longest and innovating railway tunnel in the world: drilling began in 1857 and ended in December 1870, thanks to a new drilling machine powered by compressed-air. Its inauguration took place on September 1871. When the Frejus drilling was still in progress, John Fell built a mountain railway between Piedmont and Savoy, through the Mont Cenis, following the Napoleonic road. During its four years of work (1868- 1871) it managed to transport about 100,000 travellers, but it was forced to close down when the Frejus railway tunnel was opened. The geological advances and mapping in the Western Alps by the mid-19th century provided information and reliable tools for better planning of great engineering works, but tunnel designs were not always based on a geological survey: the main exceptions were represented by GiorDano (Gottardo, 1881) and Baretti (Mont Blanc, 1880). The former tunnel was drilled, the latter was not accomplished, as other projects were instead preferred across the Western Alps, Colle di Tenda (1898) and then Simplon (1906). After new hopes, the geological study on four project tunnels under the Mont Blanc by Franchi, Kilian and Jacob (Franchi et alii, 1908), and further disappointments, decisive moves to achieve the underground connection between Courmayeur and Chamonix were made by Dino Lora Totino who requested a project to Vittorio Zignoli. Meanwhile, a geological survey for radioactive minerals was promoted by CNRN on the Italian side of the Mont Blanc: field work was performed by Baggio and his staff, and their best result was the discovery of mylonitic-cataclastic shear zones crossing the tunnel route. Their work continued during the drilling inside the Italian part of the Mont Blanc motorway tunnel, s","PeriodicalId":49317,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Geosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47200127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogical and petrographic study of building materials from the Argentario coastal towers (Tuscan, Italy): anthropic evidence of the ancient landscape","authors":"E. Cantisani, F. Fratini, S. Vettori, E. Pecchioni, L. Chelazzi, A. Arrighetti","doi":"10.3301/ijg.2020.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2020.27","url":null,"abstract":"The coastal sight towers and the defensive fortresses were in the past distinctive elements of the coastal landscape. They were distributed in particular along the northern coast of the Mediterranean and were built for sighting purposes from the XVIth century against the raids of barbarian pirates who had their bases in the Maghreb coast.A mineralogical and petrographic characterization of the stone materials and mortars of two coastal towers (i.e. Capodomo and Calamoresca) in ruins of Monte Argentario is shown in the present paper. It was found that local lithotypes (e.g. Calcare Cavernoso, calcitic grey marble, dark grey dolostones) were used as building stones and for production of mortars. A detailed study on mortars was conducted by means of high quality polycrystalline X-ray diffraction, optical and electron microscopy. The analysis reveals the presence of Ca and Mg lime-based mortars in the ruins of Capodomo tower, whereas only Ca lime-based mortars were identified in Calamoresca tower.Reaching the towers walking along the paths allows us to know a good part of the lithologies present in the promontory due to the emerging sites in the local morphology; emersion was produced, both because particular lithologies are resistant to the erosion and also because of particular structural or tectonic elements.","PeriodicalId":49317,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Geosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46362588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Roccacaramanico Conglomerate (Maiella Tectonic Unit) in the frame of the Abruzzo early Pliocene Foreland Basin System: stratigraphic and structural implications","authors":"F. Brozzetti, Francesca Cerritelli, D. Cirillo, S. Agostini, G. Lavecchia","doi":"10.3301/ijg.2020.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2020.04","url":null,"abstract":"In the upper Tertiary succession of the Maiella Tectonic Unit (Abruzzo, Italy), coarse calciclastic layers, hereinafter referred to as Roccacaramanico Conglomerate (RCC), were deposited during a short time span which approximates the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. The biostratigraphic characterization of RCC is well constrained by previous studies of foraminifer and nannofossil assemblages. In fact the pelitic interbeds of the RCC are attributed to the Sphaeroidinellopsis spp. Biozone and to the MNN12 Nannofossil Zone belonging to the earliest Pliocene.Previous works referred this conglomerate to Apennine- fed sediment gravity-flows however, in the absence of detailed compositional data and of a regional-scale sedimentological study of the layers, only generic hypotheses on the source-area and on the nature of the event which triggered the RCC deposition, were formulated.Here we present the results of an original investigation on the RCC cropping out within the Maiella Tectonic Unit, in the area delimited westward by the Morrone-Porrara thrust and, towards south-east, by the Molise allochthonous Units.In this area, a fairly continuous RCC horizon, exposed on both limbs of the Maiella anticline, was mapped and logged in detail. Our lithostratigraphic analysis allowed to make hypotheses on depositional mechanisms of RCC and revealed that it consists of several (six to ten) major depositional events producing locally amalgamated pluri- metric clastic layers.Our facies analysis highlighted that previous studies had generally underestimated the overall thickness of the layers and that in the southernmost examined outcrops (Palena, Taranta Peligna and Lama dei Peligni), the RCC is characterized by higher thickness, coarser grain-size, poorer sorting and more pronounced channeling compared to that cropping out in northernmost areas (Roccacaramanico, San Nicolao and San Valentino). The recognition of facies-types characterized by greater proximality in the southern Maiella area, and the overall geometric reconstruction of the depositional architecture of the RCC horizon, suggests that, contrary to what was previously assumed, the major sediment gravity-flows were fed from the south-eastern edge of the basin. This result is also confirmed by the paleocurrent data, testifying northward flowing currents directed SSE-NNW.The compositional analysis of RCC, highlighted an almost totally calcareous composition of the clasts and a poor and scattered siliciclastic fraction, mainly occurring as fine grained matrix. Clasts showing inner platform, bio-constructed margin, ramp, transitional and basinal facies, of different ages, are mixed throughout the layers. Nevertheless, these data allowed us to make inferences on the provenance of the sediment supply and on the stratigraphic successions that were undergoing erosion in the area surrounding the basin, around the Messinian-Pliocene boundary.A quantitative assessment of the RCC volume was finally achieved, taking into a","PeriodicalId":49317,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3301/ijg.2020.04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69480281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An outline of the geology of the Northern Apennines (Italy), with geological map at 1:250,000 scale","authors":"P. Conti, G. Cornamusini, L. Carmignani","doi":"10.3301/IJG.2019.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2019.25","url":null,"abstract":"An outline of the geology of the Italian Northern Apennines, to accompany a geological map at 1:250,000 scale covering the Emilia- Romagna, Marche, Tuscany and Umbria regions, is presented herein. The map is intended as a first result of a longer term project carried out by the Geological Surveys of the above regions, aimed to create a common geological map at 1:10,000 scale, useful for environmental planning and management.The lithostratigraphic units are grouped in domains and successions (with references to main tectonic units), and a special effort was made to correlate similar lithostratigraphic units across the area. The enclosed geological map distinguishes stratigraphic successions deposited in: a) Ligurian Domain (Internal and External Ligurian domains); b) Subligurian Domain; c) Tuscan Domain (Tuscan Succession, Tuscan Metamorphic Succession, Cervarola- Falterona Succession, Modino Succession, Rentella Succession, Pseudoverrucano Succession); Umbria-Marche-Romagna Domain. Tectonic units derived from regional tectonic melanges and shear zones (Sestola-Vidiciatico Unit), and units affected by HP metamorphism in the Tuscan Archipelago and southern Tuscany have been mapped. Distinguished younger successions are: a) Epiligurian Succession; b) Miocene-Pleistocene succession of the Tyrrhenian margin; c) Miocene- Pleistocene succession of the Po Plain and Adriatic margin. The main outcrops of magmatic rocks (Miocene-Pleistocene in age) and Quaternary alluvial, continental and coastal deposits have also been mapped. Main tectonic contacts (high-angle normal faults, main thrust and low-angle normal faults) are indicated. The 1:250,000 geological map of the Northern Apennines is freely available as PDF, raster and vector GIS data from the web site: https://www.geological-map.it.","PeriodicalId":49317,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Geosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3301/IJG.2019.25","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46742440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multidisciplinary approach for physical landscape analysis: scientific value and risk of degradation of outstanding landforms in the glacial plateau of the Loana Valley (Central-Western Italian Alps)","authors":"I. Bollati, B. C. Lenz, V. Caironi","doi":"10.3301/ijg.2020.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2020.01","url":null,"abstract":"Landforms characterized by high scientific value (i.e. geomorphosites) might undergo modifications due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors (natural and human-induced processes). In the framework of geoheritage analyses, the assessment of the value (scientific or additional) of geomorphosites should be performed side by side with the analysis on the risk of degradation (fragility and vulnerability). A multidisciplinary method is proposed for the analysis of landforms that are potentially fragile but outstanding for their scientific value related to geological, geomorphological and ecological values. A geomorphological map was produced for the glacial plateaux of the Loana Valley (Central-Western Italian Alps), where an outstanding geomorphosite was detected: the Cortenuovo Calcareous Ridge. The site is herein analysed in terms of the representativeness of geological and (paleo)geomorphological features as well as for its support role to the ecosystem. For dissemination purposes, a simplified version of the geomorphological map (i.e., geomorphological box) was prepared for the site. Specific morphometric and dendrogeomorphological analyses were then performed to investigate more in detail the risk of degradation of the site. It resulted to be a spatially restricted hotspot of geodiversity, characterized by an average surface lowering rate (0.44 cm/y on average) comparable to that achieved in similar geomorphologic contexts in the Alpine environment. The obtained results testify to a potential vulnerability to natural processes of this highly scientific valued site, which will surely benefit from a legal recognition as a component of geoheritage, with a specific regulation for its protection, that could prove to be strategic.","PeriodicalId":49317,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Geosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3301/ijg.2020.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45967887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tetrapod tracks from the Middle Triassic of NW Sardinia (Nurra region, Italy)","authors":"P. Citton, A. Ronchi, U. Nicosia, Eva Sacchi, S. Maganuco, A. Cipriani, Giulia Innamorati, C. Zuccari, Fabio Manucci, M. Romano","doi":"10.3301/ijg.2020.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2020.07","url":null,"abstract":"We report here on the first tetrapod tracks from the Triassic of the Nurra region (north-western Sardinia, Italy). The specimens were found on sandstone blocks used to build a fence limiting a seasonal camping, in the coastal area north of Capo Caccia promontory. Lithologic and petrographic features allowed an assignment of the track-bearing blocks to the middle-upper portion of the Anisian (Middle Triassic) Arenarie di Cala Viola (Buntsandstein). Footprints are attributed to the ichnotaxa Rhynchosauroides and Rotodactylus, two common ichnotaxa of late Early Triassic and Middle Triassic ichnofaunas of Europe and United States, commonly referred in the literature to neodiapsid and archosaur producers, respectively.","PeriodicalId":49317,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3301/ijg.2020.07","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42172771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}