Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy最新文献

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Muscle interconnections in the anterior and posterior arm compartment: a cadaveric case series with possible clinical implications. 手臂前后隔室的肌肉互连:一个可能具有临床意义的尸体病例系列。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03209-5
Konstantinos Natsis, George Tsakotos, George Triantafyllou, Łukasz Olewnik, Nicol Zielinska, Christos Koutserimpas, Trifon Totlis, Maria Piagkou
{"title":"Muscle interconnections in the anterior and posterior arm compartment: a cadaveric case series with possible clinical implications.","authors":"Konstantinos Natsis,&nbsp;George Tsakotos,&nbsp;George Triantafyllou,&nbsp;Łukasz Olewnik,&nbsp;Nicol Zielinska,&nbsp;Christos Koutserimpas,&nbsp;Trifon Totlis,&nbsp;Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.1007/s00276-023-03209-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-023-03209-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The report describes four cases of accessory bundles (ABs) or fibers connecting the muscles of the anterior with the posterior arm compartment. The ABs morphology (pure muscular or musculofascial or musculoaponeurotic) is described emphasizing their attachment points, characterized as muscles' interconnections.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Four formalin-embalmed donated male cadavers were dissected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The muscles' interconnections were unilaterally identified. In the first case, the two ABs originated from the coracobrachialis muscle (CB), received fibers from the biceps brachii (BB), and were inserted into the triceps brachii (TB) medial head. The ABs created an arch over the brachial vessels and the median nerve (MN). In the second case, an accessory musculoaponeurotic structure was identified between CB and TB medial head and extended over the brachial vessels. In the third case, the myofascial ABs between the BB short head and the upper arm fascia, coursed anterior to the MN, the brachial artery, and the ulnar nerve, with direction to the TB medial head. In the fourth case, the three muscular ABs originating from the CB superficial and deep heads, in common with the BB short head, joined the upper arm fascia and the TB medial head and possibly entrapped the musculocutaneous nerve, the MN, and the brachial artery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ABs or musculoaponeurotic extensions may predispose to complications due to their potential compression on nerves and vessels. Clinicians should consider the possible existence of such bridging variants between muscles, in the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting with ischemia, edema, or MN palsy symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":49296,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10514112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9828262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The combined intrathyroidal course of the brachiocephalic artery, right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery. 头臂动脉、右颈总动脉和右锁骨下动脉的联合鞘内路线。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03228-2
Vedat Yaman, Selin Ardali Duzgun, Tuncay Hazirolan
{"title":"The combined intrathyroidal course of the brachiocephalic artery, right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery.","authors":"Vedat Yaman,&nbsp;Selin Ardali Duzgun,&nbsp;Tuncay Hazirolan","doi":"10.1007/s00276-023-03228-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-023-03228-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We present an extremely rare vascular variant in which the brachiocephalic artery, right common carotid artery, and right subclavian artery course through the right lobe of the thyroid gland.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 54-year-old woman underwent a coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography examination with the suspicion of infective endocarditis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unexpectedly, the distal brachiocephalic artery, the proximal right common carotid artery, and right subclavian artery had a course through the right lobe of the thyroid gland. Otherwise, the arcus aorta branching pattern was normal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The supraaortic major branches seldom have intrathyroidal course. The intrathyroidal course of the right common carotid artery was described previously only in one case. But, to our best knowledge, the combined intrathyroidal course of these three major vessels has not been previously reported. Although asymptomatic, such variations may complicate lower neck procedures involving thyroidectomies and thyroid biopsies if undetected and unreported. So, the awareness of this atypical course while reporting CT examinations is crucial prior to neck interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49296,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10373325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of using ultrasonography to teach abdominal and cervical anatomy in French medical curricula. 在法国医学课程中使用超声技术教授腹部和颈部解剖学的评估。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03219-3
Brieg Dissaux, Julien Ognard, Bran Léger, Marie Duigou, Christian Lefèvre, Michel Nonent, Christian Berthou, Romuald Seizeur
{"title":"Assessment of using ultrasonography to teach abdominal and cervical anatomy in French medical curricula.","authors":"Brieg Dissaux,&nbsp;Julien Ognard,&nbsp;Bran Léger,&nbsp;Marie Duigou,&nbsp;Christian Lefèvre,&nbsp;Michel Nonent,&nbsp;Christian Berthou,&nbsp;Romuald Seizeur","doi":"10.1007/s00276-023-03219-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-023-03219-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective of this work was to assess, in a quantitative and qualitative way, the teaching of cervical and abdominal anatomy via ultrasound for medical students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For several years, tutorials on the study of anatomy through use of ultrasound on the living organism have been given at the Medical School of Brest. These sessions have focused on cervical anatomy and abdominal anatomy. Students were invited to quantitatively assess these lessons by taking two tests containing questions on both cervical and abdominal anatomy and ultrasound technique: a pre-test administered at the beginning of the year and a post-test at the end of the year. In addition, a qualitative assessment was carried out at the end of the year. Ten statements were presented, and students were asked to indicate their agreement or disagreement to a four-point Likert scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and twelve students answered all the questions on the pre-test with an average of 13.4 correct answers out of 20. Forty-eight students answered all the questions on the post-test with an average of 14.6/20. Twenty-six students who benefited from the courses gave positive feedback about the workshops on the qualitative assessment at the end of the year (median scores >  = 3/4).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this work suggest that the use of ultrasound makes a positive contribution to the teaching of anatomy. The students interviewed think this type of tutorial should be an integral part of the anatomy curriculum at our university. In addition, this type of instruction can serve to introduce the use of ultrasound itself in a practical learning setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":49296,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10311248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
About the term Langer's axillary arch. 关于“兰格腋弓”一词。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03223-7
Georgi P Georgiev, Iva N Dimitrova, Boycho Landzhov
{"title":"About the term Langer's axillary arch.","authors":"Georgi P Georgiev,&nbsp;Iva N Dimitrova,&nbsp;Boycho Landzhov","doi":"10.1007/s00276-023-03223-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-023-03223-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49296,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10035818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial August 2023: clinical anatomy of the upper limb. 社论2023年8月:上肢临床解剖学。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03238-0
Fabrice Duparc, Bruno Grignon
{"title":"Editorial August 2023: clinical anatomy of the upper limb.","authors":"Fabrice Duparc,&nbsp;Bruno Grignon","doi":"10.1007/s00276-023-03238-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-023-03238-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49296,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10204773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multi-slice CT analysis of the length of left main coronary artery: its relation to sex, age, diameter and branching pattern of left main coronary artery, and coronary dominance. 左冠状动脉主干长度的多层螺旋CT分析:与性别、年龄、左冠状动脉主干直径、分支形态、冠状优势的关系。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03193-w
Saeed Javed, Yixuan Mei, Yi Zhang, Cheng Liu, Shuwei Liu
{"title":"Multi-slice CT analysis of the length of left main coronary artery: its relation to sex, age, diameter and branching pattern of left main coronary artery, and coronary dominance.","authors":"Saeed Javed,&nbsp;Yixuan Mei,&nbsp;Yi Zhang,&nbsp;Cheng Liu,&nbsp;Shuwei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00276-023-03193-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-023-03193-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective of this research was to analyze and correlate the length of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) with significant clinical parameters using multi-slice CT (MSCT).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>1500 patients (851 males and 649 females; mean age 57.38 ± 11.03 [SD]; age range: 5-85 years) who underwent MSCT scans from September 2020 to March 2022 were retrospectively included. The data were applied to generate three-dimensional (3D) simulations of a coronary tree using the syngo.via post-processing workstation. The reconstructed images were then interpreted, and the collected data were subjected to statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed 1206 (80.4%) cases with medium LMCA, 133 (8.9%) with long LMCA, and 161 (10.7%) with short LMCA. The average diameter of LMCA at its midpoint was 4.69 ± 0.74 mm. The most frequent type of division of LMCA was bifurcation in 1076 (71.7%) cases; in 424 (28.3%) cases, the LMCA was divided into three or more branches. The dominance was right in 1339 (89.3%), left in 78 (5.2%), and co-dominant in 83 (5.5%) cases. There was a positive correlation between the length and branching patterns of LMCA, χ2 = 113.993, P = 0.000 (< 0.05). Other variables like age, sex, diameter of LMCA, and coronary dominance did not show any significant correlation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has demonstrated a significant association between the length and the branching pattern of LMCA, which may be essential in diagnosing and treating coronary artery patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":49296,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9858701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Morphology of the greater palatine foramen: a clinical point of view. 腭大孔的形态学:临床观点。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03188-7
Dragana Radošević, Mirela Erić, Dušica Marić, Nikola Vučinić, Nikola Knezi, Nikolina Pupovac, Aleksa Ilić
{"title":"Morphology of the greater palatine foramen: a clinical point of view.","authors":"Dragana Radošević,&nbsp;Mirela Erić,&nbsp;Dušica Marić,&nbsp;Nikola Vučinić,&nbsp;Nikola Knezi,&nbsp;Nikolina Pupovac,&nbsp;Aleksa Ilić","doi":"10.1007/s00276-023-03188-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-023-03188-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Anatomical characteristics of the greater palatine foramen (GPF) are essential during the greater palatine nerve block application to anesthetize maxillary teeth, gums, midface, and nasal cavities. The position of GPF is usually described in relation to adjacent anatomical structures. This investigation aims to examine the morphometric relationships of GPF and closely determine its position.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 87 skulls (174 foramina). They were photographed in a horizontal position with bases facing up. The digital data were processed in the ImageJ 1.53n software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average distance of the GPF from the median palatine suture was 15.94 mm. In relation to the posterior border of the bony palate, the distance was 2.05 mm. Statistical significance was found in comparing the angle between the GPF, incisive fossa, and the median palatine suture between the sides of the skulls (p = 0.02). Comparing tested parameters between males and females showed significant differences in GPF-MPS (p = 0.003) and GPF-pb (p = 0.012), with lower values in females. The most significant percentage of skulls (77.01%) had the GPF located at the level of the third molar. The most significant number of bony palates had one lesser opening (60.91%) on the left side.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GPF is located at the level of the maxillary third molar in most of the examined palates. Knowledge of the anatomical position of the greater palatine foramen and its variations is the basis for successfully implementing anesthesia and various surgical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49296,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9858689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of the prelacrimal recess in different maxillary sinus pneumatizations in relation to endoscopic prelacrimal recess approaches: a computed tomography study. 评估不同上颌窦充气与内镜下泪前隐窝入路的关系:一项计算机断层扫描研究。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03181-0
Rukiye Soyal, Gülay Açar, Aynur Emine Çiçekcibaşı, Ahmet Safa Gökşan, Demet Aydoğdu
{"title":"Assessment of the prelacrimal recess in different maxillary sinus pneumatizations in relation to endoscopic prelacrimal recess approaches: a computed tomography study.","authors":"Rukiye Soyal,&nbsp;Gülay Açar,&nbsp;Aynur Emine Çiçekcibaşı,&nbsp;Ahmet Safa Gökşan,&nbsp;Demet Aydoğdu","doi":"10.1007/s00276-023-03181-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-023-03181-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assist in planning before the endoscopic prelacrimal recess (PLR) approach, we aimed to investigate the relationship between morphometry and variations of PLR in maxillary sinus (MS) pneumatizations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis of the paranasal sinus computed tomography images of 150 patients was conducted to determine the pneumatization patterns of the MS, PLR variations, and the applicability of the PLR approach. The results were compared based on lateralization, gender, and age groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PLR<sub>width</sub>, the anteroposterior diameter of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD), the vertical and horizontal diameters of the MS were the highest in hyperplasic MS, and decreased significantly with increasing age (p = 0.005, p = 0.017, p = 0.000), respectively. Most of the morphometric measurements were higher in hyperplasic MS, while the medial wall thickness of PLR was higher in hypoplasic MS. The PLR<sub>width</sub> for feasibility of the PLR approach were Type I (48%) in hypoplasic MS and Type III (80%) in hyperplasic MS (p < 0.001), respectively. The PLR medial wall thickness was higher in Type I, while the piriform aperture angle (PAA), MS volume, length, and slope of the NLD were higher in Type III PLR<sub>width</sub> (p = 0.000), respectively. The highest anterior and separation-type variations of the PLR were observed in hyperplasic MS, whereas 31.0% of hypoplasic MS had no PLR (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that PLR<sub>width</sub> and PAA were the highest in hyperplasic MS, which allows the endoscopic PLR approach to be performed more easily. For safer and uncomplicated surgery, surgeon should be aware of the PLR anatomy in different MS pneumatization patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":49296,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10232481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comment on "Surgical anatomy of the lingual lymph nodes: systematic literature analysis and proposition for topographic classification". 评论“舌淋巴结的外科解剖:地形分类的系统文献分析和建议”。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03186-9
Luca Gazzini, Monir Abousiam, Enrico Fazio, Aurel Nebiaj, Sandra Gazzini, Francesca Zanghi, Luca Calabrese
{"title":"Comment on \"Surgical anatomy of the lingual lymph nodes: systematic literature analysis and proposition for topographic classification\".","authors":"Luca Gazzini,&nbsp;Monir Abousiam,&nbsp;Enrico Fazio,&nbsp;Aurel Nebiaj,&nbsp;Sandra Gazzini,&nbsp;Francesca Zanghi,&nbsp;Luca Calabrese","doi":"10.1007/s00276-023-03186-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-023-03186-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49296,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10232502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Congenital external carotid-internal carotid artery anastomosis: a report of three cases and literature review. 先天性颈外-颈内动脉吻合:3例报告并文献复习。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03187-8
Akira Uchino, Jun Suzuki, Yasutaka Baba
{"title":"Congenital external carotid-internal carotid artery anastomosis: a report of three cases and literature review.","authors":"Akira Uchino,&nbsp;Jun Suzuki,&nbsp;Yasutaka Baba","doi":"10.1007/s00276-023-03187-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-023-03187-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Congenital external carotid-internal carotid artery (EC-ICA) anastomosis is a cervical arterial variation that was initially reported, based on anatomic dissection, from Japan in 2000. The purpose of this report is to show the characteristic radiological findings of this extremely rare cervical arterial variation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed nine cases, including six previously reported cases and three cases that we recently experienced. Three of the six previously reported cases were from Japan, and the remaining three cases were from Korea. MR angiography (4), CT angiography (2), catheter angiography (2) and autopsy (1) were used as diagnostic modalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population included eight men and one woman. Anastomosis was seen on the left side in seven cases and the right side in two cases, and it was located at the level of the C1/2-C2/3 intervertebral space. In all cases, ECA was larger than the ICA at the level of their origins. In four cases, the ICA was extremely small in caliber. In one case, the ICA may have been occluded postnatally, and its configuration was similar to that of the nonbifurcating cervical carotid artery (CCA). With the exception of this occluded case, the carotid bifurcation and EC-ICA anastomosis formed a large arterial ring in all cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EC-ICA anastomosis can be regarded as a variant of the nonbifurcating CCA because if the most proximal segment of the small ICA is occluded, nonbifurcating CCA may form. EC-ICA anastomosis is located between the C1/2-C2/3 intervertebral space and may be formed by the remnants of the proatlantal artery I.</p>","PeriodicalId":49296,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9846443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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