{"title":"Reliability and agreement in technical and artistic scores during real-time judging in two European acrobatic gymnastic events","authors":"J. A. León-Prados, M. Jemni","doi":"10.1080/24748668.2021.1996913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1996913","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study investigates reliability measures for performance scores given by random judges (Execution and Artistic scores) and the agreement between more expert judges (Control Scores) and the two middle Execution/Artistic scores (Panel scores) during Qualifying and Final competitions performed at the 10th European Age Group Competition (EAGC) and at the 29th European Acrobatic Gymnastics Championships (ECh). To assess agreement, mean absolute Control-Panel score deviations were calculated using Bland-Altman and Kaplan-Meier plots. Reliability average measures ranged from 0.88 to 0.97. Control Score reliability was higher in ECh for Execution and Artistic scores. Artistic scores showed higher variability and lower agreement between judges in Qualification for ECh. Significant differences were found in Control and Panel score mean deviations for Execution scores at the EAGC and for Artistic scores at the ECh. No significant reliability differences were found between competitions. Control-and-Panel score correlations ranged from 0.862 to 0.915 for Execution scores and from 0.864 to 0.899 for Artistic scores. Overall results exceeded 80% agreement for Execution and Artistic scores. Reliability and strength of agreement of judging were high and very acceptable respectively. We suggest that judging reliability should be regularly examined to optimise technical and artistic criteria set by FIG for fairer competition.","PeriodicalId":49049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","volume":"22 1","pages":"132 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41539321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Dwyer, Isaiah Di Domenico, Christopher M. Young
{"title":"Technical performance in elite women’s Australian football – comparisons with men’s football, identifying important performance characteristics and apparent trends","authors":"D. Dwyer, Isaiah Di Domenico, Christopher M. Young","doi":"10.1080/24748668.2021.1993029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1993029","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is a need to establish normative values for technical performance indicators (PI) in the relatively new Australian Football League Women’s (AFLW), to identify trends, to compare with the established men’s league, and associations with match outcome. Data from the 2019 AFL (men’s) season and the 2017–19 AFLW (women’s) seasons, included the normalised (to 60 minute) match totals for 23 technical PIs and five score-based PIs. The values of 23 PIs were different (p < 0.05) between the women’s and men’s leagues. These differences suggest that women make fewer disposals (passes) to teammates, they make more errors and contest possession of the ball more often. Consequently, AFLW teams move the ball to within 50 metres of their goal and score less often. There are eight PIs that appear to be on a trend of increase in the AFLW. The relationships between the characteristics of team technical performance and match outcome are similar between the leagues, although contested possession is more important in the AFLW. Technical performance of the athletes in the women’s league is different to men, but some of these differences appear to be narrowing. Despite the differences, the relationship between technical performance and match outcome are similar in both leagues.","PeriodicalId":49049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","volume":"22 1","pages":"29 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41633717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ricardo T. SantAnna, S. Roberts, L. Moore, K. Stokes
{"title":"Referee positioning, but not match demands, score difference, or field location, are associated with breakdown decision-making accuracy in elite rugby sevens referees","authors":"Ricardo T. SantAnna, S. Roberts, L. Moore, K. Stokes","doi":"10.1080/24748668.2021.1979824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1979824","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study quantified rugby referees’ decision-making accuracy at the breakdown in an elite rugby sevens tournament, examining whether decision-making accuracy differed over time, and if it was associated with match demands, score difference, field location, and referee positioning. During the National Sevens Tournament (six referees, 22 matches), decision-making accuracy was analysed using video coding from 602 breakdowns and match demands were examined using GNSS technology and heart rate recordings. Overall, the referees had a decision-making accuracy of 88.2% with no changes over time (all p > 0.05). There were no significant associations between match demands, score difference, or field location and decision-making accuracy (all p > 0.05). However, significantly more incorrect decisions occurred when the referees were in a suboptimal position (29.0%) compared to an optimal position (10.9%) at the breakdown (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that referees’ decision-making accuracy during the breakdown remains relatively consistent across an elite rugby sevens tournament. While unaffected by match demands, score difference or field location, referees’ decision-making accuracy may be improved by optimising their positioning at the breakdown.","PeriodicalId":49049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","volume":"21 1","pages":"1127 - 1139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47876901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correlations between gaze fixations to different areas of interest are related to tennis serve return performance in two different expert groups","authors":"J. Rošker, Ziva Majcen Rosker","doi":"10.1080/24748668.2021.1979840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1979840","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Interceptive tasks, such as returning a tennis serve, require efficient use of visual information. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in the gaze behaviour in two different groups of tennis players. Additionally, analysis between tennis serve returns of different quality have been conducted. Six-hundred and seventy-five returns performed by ten national and five international level tennis players were analysed. Focal visual attention was measured on-court using a mobile eye-movement tracking device. Fixations were mapped to different areas of interest relative to five consecutive service phases. Differences in the duration of visual fixations between different types of tennis returns were examined as well as correlations between most relevant areas of interest. Correlation analysis revealed differences in visual search strategies between both groups of tennis players. The international level group presented with gaze behaviour that indicates increased attention to specific visual information in tactically more successful serve returns. The national level tennis players on the other hand presented less specific gaze behaviour, and probably overall, less efficient attentional control. Additionally, international level tennis players presented return performance-specific gaze behaviour in the follow through-phase, which was not observed for the national level players.","PeriodicalId":49049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","volume":"21 1","pages":"1149 - 1161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45757359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco M. Argudo-Iturriagaa, Pablo García-Marín, Pablo J. Borges Hernández, Yurema Sabio-Lago, E. Ruíz-Lara
{"title":"Analysis of associated variables with shooting performance in Beach Water polo","authors":"Francisco M. Argudo-Iturriagaa, Pablo García-Marín, Pablo J. Borges Hernández, Yurema Sabio-Lago, E. Ruíz-Lara","doi":"10.1080/24748668.2021.1977559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1977559","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Beach Water polo is a newly created team water sport derived from Water polo. The first time official matches were played at a major international event was at the 18th FINA World Championship in 2019. For that reason, the aim of this study was to analyse some associated variables with shooting performance in female Beach Water polo. The total sample was composed of 857 shots from the Beach Water Polo Tournament (Gwangju, South Korea). The study was developed with an observational design. The reliability between the two observers was verified using the intra class correlation coefficient, ensuring that in all cases this value was greater than .75. The results show that the most effective shots were those taken after a previous foul, close to the goal, from the left position, with rebound, with a feint movement, directed at the short post. It is also concluded that beach water polo as a much more physically and mentally demanding sport than classic water polo.","PeriodicalId":49049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","volume":"21 1","pages":"1117 - 1126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48264480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jordi Arboix-Alió, Joan Aguilera-Castells, B. Buscà, Adrià Miró, R. Hileno, G. Trabal, J. Peña
{"title":"Situational variables in elite rink hockey: effect of match location, team level, scoring first and match status at halftime on the competitive outcome","authors":"Jordi Arboix-Alió, Joan Aguilera-Castells, B. Buscà, Adrià Miró, R. Hileno, G. Trabal, J. Peña","doi":"10.1080/24748668.2021.1976057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1976057","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The main purpose of the present study was to build a parsimonious model to predict the probability of winning in rink hockey from different situational variables and evaluate each predictor’s contribution to the match outcome. A sample of 238 matches played during the last season in the Spanish first division (OkLiga) was analysed. The best predictive logistic model for match outcome was selected through all possible regression methods. The entire model included five categorical predictor variables (match location, team level, opponent level, scoring first, and match status at halftime) and one binary outcome variable (match outcome). The final model selected excluded the scoring first predictor and had a sensitivity and specificity greater than 80% for a cut-off point of .413. This model was applied to predict winning a match in 32 frequent situations determined from a two-step cluster analysis. The predictor with the highest contribution to the match outcome was match status at halftime, followed by the opponent’s level, team level, and match location. Our findings may help rink hockey coaches and practitioners to recognise the contribution of situational variables on the match outcome to tailor their game plans and design more aggressive game plans, improving game understanding.","PeriodicalId":49049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","volume":"21 1","pages":"1101 - 1116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49148339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcos Borderias, J. Fernández-Fernández, Rafael Martínez-Gallego, E. Baiget
{"title":"Comparison of the activity profile during Grand Slam women’s doubles tennis","authors":"Marcos Borderias, J. Fernández-Fernández, Rafael Martínez-Gallego, E. Baiget","doi":"10.1080/24748668.2021.1972611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1972611","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is little information on the female doubles tennis. The aim of this study was to describe the activity profile of women’s doubles tennis, and to analyse the differences between playing surfaces. Twenty-one matches of three Grand Slams (GS) tournaments and played on 3 different surfaces, were analysed. Activity profile included rally duration (RD), resting time between points (RTP), resting time between games (RTG), resting time between sets (RTS), resting time (RT), effective playing time (EPT), total match time (TMT), work-to-rest ratio (W: R), shots per rally (SPR), shots per game (SPG), shots per set (SPS), shots per match (SPM), shot frequency (shots/second) (SPSc), and type of shots. Results showed that RTG and RT was longer at the Australian Open than at Roland Garros and Wimbledon, and the number of forehand (F) shots at Roland Garros was higher than at Wimbledon. The most common tennis shots are the F, the backhand (B), the first service and the volley (V), and more than 50% of the total shots in a match come from the baseline and mid court game. These results show that in women’s doubles the stimuli are short and intense and that net game is very important.","PeriodicalId":49049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","volume":"21 1","pages":"1066 - 1080"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43885995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Otávio Joaquim Baratto de Azevedo, Clara Knierim Correia, Gustavo Soares Pereira, L. Prado, Hélio Roesler, S. Pereira, Caroline Ruschel
{"title":"Effect of three different set-up conditions on the propulsive force measures, reliability, and ecological validity during front crawl tethered-swimming","authors":"Otávio Joaquim Baratto de Azevedo, Clara Knierim Correia, Gustavo Soares Pereira, L. Prado, Hélio Roesler, S. Pereira, Caroline Ruschel","doi":"10.1080/24748668.2021.1974182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1974182","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study analysed the effect of three set-up conditions on the propulsive force (PF) measures, test–retest reliability, and ecological validity during front crawl tethered-swimming (TS). Twenty-five (20.3 ± 3.7 years) swimmers performed TS in three conditions: Slp0 (0º of cable slope), Slp10 (10º of slope) and Slp20 (20º of slope), in two sessions. The second session included a 50-m performance and a questionnaire on the similarity of TS and free-swimming and overall comfort. Peak, mean force, impulse and force development rate, 50-m time and mean velocity, similarity scores and comfort were analysed. Effect of TS condition (p < 0.001) was observed for peak, mean force and force development rate. Regardless of the condition, reliability ranged from good to excellent (ICC = 0.79–0.95) and correlations with performance time (r≥-0.7) and mean velocity (r ≥ 0.63) were significant for all PF variables. The similarity between TS and free-swimming, and overall comfort as perceived by the swimmers, did not differ between conditions. Set-up condition influences the measures of PF in front-crawl TS. All conditions are reliable and present similar associations between PF and performance. Ecological validity indicators were near to the halfway point of the measurement scales independently of the condition.","PeriodicalId":49049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","volume":"21 1","pages":"1081 - 1100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44865782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Whitehead, Nicholas Dalton Barron, Gordon Rennie, B. Jones
{"title":"The peak locomotor characteristics of Super League (rugby league) match-play","authors":"S. Whitehead, Nicholas Dalton Barron, Gordon Rennie, B. Jones","doi":"10.1080/24748668.2021.1968659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1968659","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study quantified the position-, duration-, and phase-of-play specific peak locomotor characteristics of senior professional rugby league match-play at a multi-club level. Match-play data were collected from 378 male professional rugby league players, from 11 clubs, across two competitive seasons. A total of 9643 match-observations were analysed; 10-Hz instantaneous velocity and acceleration from Catapult S5 microtechnology units were aligned with video footage to determine to the phase-of-play and duration-specific peak locomotor characteristics (average running speed, relative high-speed running [HSR;>5.5 m·s−1], average absolute acceleration). Linear mixed effect models were used to determine positional differences for each dependent variable and differences between phases-of-play. Positional differences for the duration-specific and phase-of-play peak locomotive characteristics were identified. Fullbacks had greater peak HSR during defensive sets (86 ± 70 m·min−1) vs. all other positions (effect size = 0.26 to 0.49, small). Wingers demonstrated the greatest between phase differences with greater peak locomotor characteristics (effect size = 1.23 to 1.65, large) during attacking-defensive set transition vs. defensive sets. The multi-club normative data, and the differences identified, provides practitioners with valuable information for the consideration of training practices; the incorporation of phases-of-play enables greater consideration of technical-tactical factors whilst preparing players for the peak periods of competition.","PeriodicalId":49049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","volume":"21 1","pages":"981 - 992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45638054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of different feedback variants on pacing adherence in a field based running test","authors":"Martin Dobiasch, Savvas Stafylidis, A. Baca","doi":"10.1080/24748668.2021.1968662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1968662","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Running field tests are utilised to assess the athlete’s fitness level with high specificity. However, in graded exercise tests the lack of speed control can result in an uneven pace, reducing reproducibility and accuracy. The purpose of this study was to develop feedback variants (FV) and investigate their effect on the athlete’s ability to keep the pace constant. Forty-eight participants completed four trials of a Conconi test (randomised) over four paces (7.5 − 10 km·h−1). A smartphone app provided athletes with four FVs: Classic, Sound (verbal), Vibration, and Sound & Vibration. We found a significant effect of FV on adherence (defined as time within 0.3 km·h−1 of target speed): F(3,141) = 41.45, p < .001, η2 = .268. Adherence in Classic (M± SD) 39.51 ± 13.51% was significantly lower (p < .001) than in Vibration (53.24 ± 14.98%), Sound (60.34 ± 11.21%) and Sound & Vibration (59.17 ± 15.17%). The novel FV provided better adherence compared to the conventional method, with Sound and Sound & Vibration showing the highest adherence. Generally, the novel FVs have the advantage of being easily implemented and decreasing the required time for setup, data collection and processing, therefore proving useful in conducting field performance tests.","PeriodicalId":49049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","volume":"21 1","pages":"1015 - 1028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45743722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}