Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management最新文献

{"title":"Using UAVs Equipped With Thermal Cameras To Survey A Known Population Of White-tailed Deer","authors":"Deanna G. Pfeffer, J. Foster, John C. Kinsey","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-23-055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-23-055","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 New technologies are emerging that may have potential for yielding more reliable population estimates for white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus than traditional manned aerial surveys. In a study conducted in a 116.55 ha enclosure in the Edwards Platea ecoregion of Texas, we tested the accuracy and precision of population counts using a unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a dual thermal-Red Green Blue (heat detection and color video) camera to conduct a complete area count of a known, closed population of white-tailed deer. We flew surveys from 2-4 December 2019 in pre-programmed transects and replicated them three times, in both the morning and afternoon. Detection was higher during morning surveys, when almost all deer present were detected, as compared to afternoon. The accuracy and precision of morning surveys reported here justify further research into the development of a method using this equipment for surveying large mammal populations in certain habitats.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in American alligator pods in Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge","authors":"Laura A. Brandt","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-23-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-23-005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Alligators are an important component of the Greater Everglades serving as ecosystem engineers, predator, prey, and are tightly tied to water depth patterns. Because of their importance to ecosystem function and link to hydrology, alligators are an ecological indicator for Everglades restoration. I used data from fall night-time spotlight surveys of alligators in the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge to describe the trend in number of hatchling pods from 1998 to 2021 and relate that trend to hydrologic parameters hypothesized to influence alligator production. I used an information-theoretic approach to evaluate 14 models created from combinations of year of observation and three hydrologic variables: average and range in water depth from 16 April of the previous year to 15 April of the nesting year (breeding potential window) and average water depth from 16 April to 31 May of the nesting year (courtship and mating window). Number of pods ranged from 16 in 1998 to 0 in 2011. Each of the four top models included year and one or more of the hydrologic variables as predictors and explained 26-34% (D-squared) of the variation in number of pods. Year was the predictor for which the 95% confidence interval did not contain zero and indicated a declining trend (-3% to -8%; 95% confidence interval). All hydrologic variables were included in the top models indicating they contribute some information toexplaining the trend; however, contrary to my hypotheses, there was not a clear relationship between any of the hydrologic variables and number of alligator pods. My hypotheses were based on information synthesized in the Alligator Production Suitability Index model being used in Everglades restoration planning and my results suggest that additional refinement of that model is warranted.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental drivers and fitness consequences of partial migration under climate change","authors":"Megan Morrison, Jeremy M. Cohen, Eliezer Gurarie, T. V. Van Deelen","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-23-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-23-015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Animals migrate to access seasonally variable resources or to escape unfavorable local conditions. Partial (flexible) migration strategies offer animals a fitness trade-off in which individuals may choose whether to incur the energetic costs of migration depending on the potential benefits associated with avoiding adverse conditions. Partial migration patterns may shift due to anthropogenic land use and climate change, possibly reducing the benefits of migration and resulting in unpredictable migration cues. We examined causes, consequences, and changes in individual-level partial migration of white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus by analyzing archival telemetry data (1986-2014) across four distinct populations in the Great Lakes region, North America. We hypothesized that if the costs of migration outweigh benefits, we would see migratory behavior decline. Migratory behavior declined from 75% in 1987 to 11% in 2014 independent of population identity. Annual mortality was higher for migratory white-tailed deer, while increasing minimum temperatures positively impacted survival but did not influence migration. Our results suggest that migratory behavior in white-tailed deer is declining over time and may be associated with declining winter severity. The loss of migratory behavior in large mammals may have ecosystem-level impacts and our study emphasizes the need to better understand and conserve these migratory traditions.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Assessment of Egg Mat Gear Retention and Collection Efficacy.","authors":"Madeline G. Tomczak, Robin L. DeBruyne, Brian A. Schmidt, Dustin A. Bowser, Jason L. Fischer, Gregory W. Kennedy, Nicole R. King, Christine M. Mayer, E. Roseman","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-23-018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-23-018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Assessment of egg deposition is widely used to provide an index of spawning efforts for lithophilic spawning fishes. However, little is known about the collection efficacy and bias of fish egg collection methods. We conducted a two-phased study consisting of a simulated-river flume study (two-part design), and a field study (an egg drift comparison with capture on mats) to assess egg collection methods and evaluate egg retention and capture on egg mats. Lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis egg retention on seeded mats decreased with increasing velocity and walleye Sander vitreus egg retention was variable as velocity increased. Fewer lake whitefish eggs were collected on egg mats when limestone reef rock was present in the flume study during the simulated spawned trials, but the inverse was true for walleye. Similarly, during field collections more lake whitefish eggs were collected in benthic D-shaped frame (D-frame) drift nets set near a known spawning reef compared to egg mats set on the reef, indicating lake whitefish eggs were drifting downstream along the river bottom. In contrast, fewer walleye eggs were observed in D-frame drift nets compared to number of eggs captured on the egg mats. Therefore, egg mats are an informative tool for evaluating walleye egg deposition in an immediate area but may underestimate egg deposition of lake whitefish, especially in lotic systems. Compared to other egg collection methods in the current literature, our study indicates that egg mats are useful for assessing egg deposition by lithophilic spawning fishes, but that the collection and retention efficacy and bias of this gear may vary between species and habitat types.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Underwater Video for Imperiled Fish Species Population Monitoring","authors":"Robert Mollenhauer, Megan G. Bean, Dominik Chilleri, Preston T. Bean","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-23-036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-23-036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Common freshwater fish sampling methods (e.g., seining and electrofishing) are inherently invasive and often not appropriate for imperiled species. Visual observation methods provide a noninvasive alternative for population monitoring. Despite increasing popularity, the use of underwater video to monitor imperiled fishes is relatively unexplored. We evaluated the efficacy of underwater video to estimate occurrence and abundance of the imperiled Comanche Springs Pupfish Cyprinodon elegans using both point observations and time intervals (surveys). We deployed camera traps at sites within major habitat types (pool, canal, and ciénaga) of Balmorhea State Park, Texas, United States in March and October 2019 (seasons). We detected Comanche Springs at all occupied sites in both seasons when viewing ~30 min of video. The species was detected at 80% of occupied sites when viewing ~10 min and ~5 min of video in March and October, respectively. Comanche Springs Pupfish detection probability was higher in October, with no variability among habitat types. On average, cumulative species detection probability was >0.9 with fifteen 60-s surveys. However, species detection probability of a single survey ranged from 0.02 to 0.62 (mean = 0.14). Although there was no variation between seasons or among habitats, variation was high in the detection of the maximum Comanche Springs Pupfish count among sites even with observations every 5 s. Individual capture probability from a repeated-count abundance model was less variable than species detection probability (0.01-0.33) and generally low (mean = 0.06). Site absolute abundance was generally comparable among major habitats, but with higher uncertainty with increasing maximum count. Our study provides a comprehensive assessment of underwater video for imperiled fish species population monitoring. The findings show a trade-off between processing effort and information loss and limitations associated with imperfect detection and individual capture common to any fish sampling method.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141356416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translocation prevents the extirpation of a threatened minnow during ongoing drought and nonnative species invasions","authors":"S. Hedden, Matthew A. Rinker, Shaula J. Hedwall","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-23-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-23-009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Stream habitats and disturbance regimes are rapidly changing, leading to cascading effects on native and nonnative fish communities. Managers face the ongoing and daunting challenge of trying to maintain or recover native fish populations as habitat is dried or nonnative species invade. This reduction of suitable habitat has led to species distribution declines and an overall lack of success in many native fish management activities. Our study aimed at exploring the potential success in managing a heavily depleted native fish species by attempting to reestablish extirpated populations. We first examined how the distribution of a threatened minnow has declined from its historical to its contemporary range, then we examined if numerous translocation events during increasing pressures of nonnative invasions and ongoing multi- decadal drought could successfully expand their distribution. Lastly, we assessed if nonnative mechanical removals were effective in newly invaded streams. Little Colorado Spinedace Lepidomeda vittata distribution was reduced to only two remaining populations from the 1960s through the early 2000s. Translocations started in 2001 and despite the negative effects of drought and species invasions the efforts were largely successful (8 of 9 streams), likely because managers conducted multiple translocation events and targeted perennial reaches where nonnative aquatic predators were not present. When translocated streams were invaded by nonnative fish, multi-pass mechanical removal efforts proved to be highly effective (removal rates of invaded populations: 98.1-100%). We demonstrate that translocation and mechanical removal efforts in small streams can be a pivotal tool in managing native fish species even if sufficient habitat is scarce on the landscape; however, these efforts will likely require constant and long-term commitments to maintain species throughout their native ranges.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viability Modeling for Decision Support with Limited Data: a Lizard Case Study","authors":"Ashley B.C. Goode, Nathan Allan, Conor P. McGowan","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-23-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-23-024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Plateau Spot-tailed Earless Lizards Holbrookia lacerata are a species of ground lizard in central Texas that are under review for listing as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, but heretofore no predictive models of population dynamics or viability have been developed. We used limited available data and published demographic rates in a population viability analysis model to predict the future status of these lizards under parametric and ecological uncertainty and temporal variability. Even in cases where data are sparse and life history information are limited, viability models can help clarify the consequences of management choices given the uncertainty. Our model predicted that on average populations will decline in the future. Quasi-extinction probability was low 20 years into the future but up to 0.60 by 50 years. Extinction risk was highly dependent on the road mortality effect and the proportion of the population exposed to roadways, both of which are currently uncertain quantities. Despite these unknowns, our model enables managers to consider the future abundance and extinction risk for the species and make decisions about management to project population viability and also identifies key uncertainties for future research and monitoring.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digging into detectability: uncovering how temperature influences detection probability of the fossorial Temblor legless lizard","authors":"Jonathan P. Rose, Sabrena M. Camp, Zarina N. Sheikh, Chelsea B. Johnson, Samuel H. Lei, Giancarlo R. Napolitano, Elliot J Schoenig, Daniel A. Macias, A. C. Jordan, B. Halstead","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-23-039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-23-039","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Knowledge of species distributions is critical for conservation, but surveying for rare, under-studied species presents many challenges. A two-phase occupancy study can increase knowledge gained from early occupancy studies of a species by quickly using data from the first survey period to revise the study design for a second period. The Temblor legless lizard Anniella alexanderae is a recently described fossorial species found in the southwestern San Joaquin Valley, CA, USA, and its status is currently under review by state and federal wildlife agencies. As a fossorial species that is rarely surface active, Temblor legless lizards might be unavailable for detection at certain times of year or under inhospitable conditions (e.g., hot, dry weather), indicating the importance of accounting for false negative surveys when determining its distribution. We used a multi-scale occupancy model to disentangle detection probability, availability for detection, and occupancy for Temblor legless lizards. Focusing our effort from mid-February to mid-April when temperatures are mild and soil moisture is expected to be higher near the surface, we surveyed a total of 89 sites in 2022 (n=60) and 2023 (n=68), detecting Temblor legless lizards at 12 sites, including 5 new localities. Detection probability was positively related to temperature during our late winter-early spring survey period, and availability for detection was consistently high with minimal fluctuation within each year. Nevertheless, repeated surveys with non-detection can increase confidence this fossorial lizard does not occur at a site. Temblor legless lizards were more likely to occur at sites near ephemeral streams, and in areas without high clay soil content, but more investigation could help to discern drivers of occurrence. Our study provides valuable information for optimizing surveys for Temblor legless lizards and suggests promising directions for future research on this species′ ecology.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort-specific differential vulnerability to capture of mallards and wood ducks in baited swim-in traps","authors":"Anthony J. Roberts, David L. Fronczak, Frank Baldwin, Clayton Ferrell, H. Hagy, Steven Olson, Garnet Raven, Joseph Sands, Michael L. Szymanski","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-23-051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-23-051","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Attaching leg bands to birds directly before fall hunting seasons is a primary component of monitoring waterfowl in North America. While capture and recovery data are primarily used for estimating survival and harvest distribution, these data may be used to estimate age ratios and other demographic rates, especially if recapture data are available from subsequent trapping and release events. We estimated recapture rates of mallards Anas platyrhynchos and wood ducks Aix sponsa and used those rates to estimate differential capture vulnerability, which is vital to estimate true age ratios from banding data. Posterior estimates of mallard age and sex cohort and location-specific recapture rates varied among capture locations from a mean of 0.004 (0.002- 0.008 95% credible interval) to 0.547 (0.486-0.609). Ratios of recapture rates among cohorts also varied, meaning no single differential vulnerability estimate would be useable across the study area. Our estimates of differential capture vulnerability for mallards, using the ratio of recapture probabilities, averaged 2.64 for adult female to adult male and 5.42 for juvenile female to adult female, with significant variation. Wood duck cohort-specific recapture rates were similar across locations. Similar wood duck recapture rates resulted in similar estimates of differential vulnerability, 1.24 for the adult female to adult male ratio and 1.30 for juvenile female to adult female. The wide range of recapture rate estimates we found for mallards suggests location- specific characteristics may have a strong effect on capture probability. Differences in recapture rates and apparent survival likely resulting from emigration suggest if recapture data are to be used in population modeling, location-specific information is needed. The ability to monitor multiple demographic parameters using a single scheme improves continued assessment of population status. We recommend increased collection of in-season recapture data by biologists during active banding operations. Banders should be aware of the potential value of live, in- season, encounters in monitoring populations and modeling demographic rates.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual interpretation of high-resolution aerial imagery: A tool for land managers","authors":"Brian A. Tangen, Rebecca L. Esser, Benjamin A. Walker","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-23-048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-23-048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Remotely sensed imagery from various collection platforms (e.g., satellites, crewed and uncrewed aircraft) are used by biologists and other conservation personnel to support management activities ranging from monitoring invasive species to assessing land cover and vegetation characteristics. While remote sensing-based vegetation indices and models have been developed and used for some management applications, straightforward visual interpretation of imagery by on-the-ground personnel may be a pragmatic approach for obtaining time-sensitive and spatially relevant information to support and guide local management activities. Our primary objective was to qualitatively assess our ability to identify patches of target invasive plant species based on simple visual interpretation of high-resolution aerial imagery. We also sought to compare the high-resolution imagery to widely available imagery (e.g., National Agriculture Imagery Program) to determine the efficacy of each for assessing vegetation communities and land-cover features in support of management activities. To accomplish these objectives, we obtained high-resolution imagery and visually scanned and assessed the imagery using standard geographic information system software. We were able to differentiate patches of crownvetch Securigera varia (L.) Lassen and wild parsnip Pastinaca sativa L., but not spotted knapweed Centaurea stoebe L. or leafy spurge Euphorbia esula L. The relative success in identifying these species was related to plant characteristics (e.g., flower color and morphology, height), time of year (phenology), patch size and density, and potentially site characteristics such density of the underlying vegetation (e.g., grasses), substrate color characteristics (i.e., color contrast with flowers), and physical disturbance. Our straightforward, qualitative assessment suggests that visual interpretation of high-resolution imagery, but not some lower-resolution imagery, may be an efficient and effective tool for supporting local invasive species management through activities such as monitoring known patches, identifying undetected infestations, assessing management actions, guiding field work, or prioritizing on-the-ground monitoring activities.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141377858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}