Neuropsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Regulation Effects of XPJY Decoction on Antioxidative and Mitochondrial Functions in Intracerebral and Extra Brain Tissue of CUMS Rats","authors":"Yang Li, Qingjie Yuan, Yao Yu, Zhong-Hui Zhao, Rongjuan Guo","doi":"10.4172/Neuropsychiatry.1000562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/Neuropsychiatry.1000562","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives The treatment of somatic symptoms of depression is a medical problem nowadays. More and more evidences show that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may be an important pathogenesis of depression and are closely related to somatic symptoms. Currently, studies on oxidative stress and mitochondrial function are mostly concentrated in the brain, with less attention paid to peripheral tissues, and classical SSRIs are not direct antioxidants in treatment. XingPiJieYu (XPJY) Decoction is one of the most widely used clinical formulas of traditional Chinese medicine. Our study aims to exploring whether it has antioxidative and mitochondrial effects on intracerebral and extra brain tissue. Materials and Methods The rat model of depression was established by CUMS (chronic unpredictable mild stress, CUMS) for 6 weeks. They were randomly divided into six groups: control group, CUMS group, CUMS+XPJY (3.6g/kg/d, 7.2g/kg/d, 14.4g/kg/d) groups, CUMS+ sertraline (4.5mg/kg/d) group. We used sucrose preference test and forced swimming test to verify the success of the depression model. The contents of CK and SDH in orbital blood were measured weekly as well as the following assay index were measured on 14th day and 42th day, including MDA, ATP and mtDNA in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, liver, small intestine and gastrocnemius muscle. Results At the 14th day, the sucrose preference ratio was decreased. Besides, the immobility time prolonged at the 42nd day. CUMS increased MDA content in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and gastrocnemius muscle, but decreased mtDNA content in prefrontal cortex at the 14th day; CUMS decreased serum SDH level at the 35th day, but elevated serum CK level at the 42nd day; CUMS increased MDA content in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, liver and gastrocnemius muscle, while decreased ATP and mtDNA content in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, liver, small intestine and gastrocnemius muscle at the 42nd day. XPJY decoction at 14.4g/kg, the efficacy trend of which was better than the other drug groups, could prevent the depressive behavior caused by CUMS, reduce the serum CK content and the MDA content of the tissues mentioned above, and increase serum SDH content as well as ATP, mtDNA content in tissues. Conclusion CUMS could induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampus, PFC, liver, small intestine and gastrocnemius muscle in rats. Early application of sertraline can effectively prevent mtDNA damage in hippocampus, PFC and liver, but its regulation on MDA and ATP is not obvious. However, XPJY decoction plays an significant role in antioxidation by means of improving mitochondrial function, eliminating inflammation and increasing 5-HT content. This research provides an important theoretical basis for the clinical application of XPJY.","PeriodicalId":49013,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70328571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dielectric Monopolar Radiofrequency with Vacuumtherapy in the Treatment of Chronic Constipation in Patients with Intellectual Developmental Disorders","authors":"Alfonso Javier Ibanez Vera, Andrea Ginestra Puyalto, Maria Angeles Isarria Vivancos, D. Diaz, Alex, er Achal, abaso, Rafael Lomas Vega","doi":"10.4172/Neuropsychiatry.1000552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/Neuropsychiatry.1000552","url":null,"abstract":"Aim Chronic constipation is a high prevalence complication in patients with intellectual developmental disorders due to medication intake and physical activity reduction. Several manual therapy techniques have achieved good results at its treatment, being these a considerable option as no adverse effects have been shown. Nevertheless, the use of electrotherapy devices has not been studied on chronic constipation treatment. These may be considered as a potential tool which may supplement treatment. Thermotherapy by dielectric monopolar radiofrequency (DMR) linked to vacuum therapy could activate local blood irrigation at the colon level and peristaltic movements due to mechanic push-pull. The aim of this study is therefore to prove the efficacy of DMR linked to vacuum therapy for the treatment of chronic constipation in intellectual developmental disorders patients. Methods Nineteen patients which met the inclusion criteria were chosen. Number of stools and shape of them (Bristol Stool Questionnaire) were measured in a period of 14 days, when patients received their common care techniques for chronic constipation. After that, patients received 14 days of DMR linked to vacuum therapy treatment. The same variables were measured in the meantime so as to observe possible differences. Results DMR linked to vacuum therapy proved an improvement in number of stools per day and the shape/quality of them. No adverse results were observed. Conclusion DMR linked to vacuum treatment seems effective for the treatment of chronic constipation in intellectual developmental disorders patients.","PeriodicalId":49013,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70328714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Music Therapy Decreases Sadness and Increases Happiness in Alzheimer Patients: A Pilot Study","authors":"J. E. D. L. R. Ortí, M. Pardo, Maria Benllochi, E. Drehmer, J. L. Platero, Alej, Robert D. Salazar, David Sancho, M. M. Rodriguez","doi":"10.4172/NEUROPSYCHIATRY.1000546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/NEUROPSYCHIATRY.1000546","url":null,"abstract":"Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible neuro-degenerative dementia that causes emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression associated with low well-being and changes of state of mind. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of a music therapy protocol as a tool to improve basic emotions in AD. Methods It is an analytical, experimental and prospective study. 30 Alzheimer patients of a mild level with an average age of 76,28 ± 4,6 years, participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned either to a Control Group (n=15) or an Intervention Group (n=15) that received music therapy twice a week during three months (24 sessions). Due to some limitations of the work, it is only a pilot study. Results The data showed that no significant differences exist between pre and post values in the control group (that did not receive music therapy) in any basic emotion measure (fear, happiness, anger and sadness). However, in the intervention group (that received music therapy for three months) a significant improvement can be observed in all the emotions comparing pre and post intervention (more happiness and less fear, anger and sadness). Moreover, the result comparing control and intervention group between them in post-session showed that the patients of the intervention groups had a significant improvement in happiness and sadness after the application of music therapy. Conclusions An intervention using music therapy increases the state of happiness and decreases sadness in mild Alzheimer sufferers.","PeriodicalId":49013,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70328560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasitic Worms for the Treatment of Neurodegeneration","authors":"Katarzyna Donskow Lysoniewska, M. Doligalska, K. Gąsiorowski, J. Leszek","doi":"10.4172/Neuropsychiatry.1000547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/Neuropsychiatry.1000547","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It is well established now that helminths mainly nematodes influence immune responses and provide protection and even inhibition of chronic inflammatory disorders. Nematode infection may be a consequence of the stimulation of specific immune responses including expansion of CD4 (+) Tregs that actively contribute to a shift in immune response and gut microbiota. However, there is growing evidence for alternative CD8 (+) T cell fates influencing CD4 (+) T-cell-mediated responses in the context of allergy and autoimmunity including neurodegeneration spectrum disorders. It seems to be that CD8 (+) iTregs play a unique role in restoring immune homeostasis. The article discusses the current status and prospects of clinical use of immunomodulatory parasitic worms in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including MS and AD. Here, we present our current understanding about effect diversity of CD8 (+) iTregs to effector cells and possible contribution of nematode factors to this process.","PeriodicalId":49013,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatry","volume":"9 1","pages":"2022-2036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70328568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemobrain as a Product of Growing Success in Chemotherapy - Focus on Glia as both a Victim and a Cure.","authors":"P. Walczak, M. Janowski","doi":"10.4172/NEUROPSYCHIATRY.1000565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/NEUROPSYCHIATRY.1000565","url":null,"abstract":"Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment or chemobrain is a frequent consequence of cancer treatment with many psychiatric features. Ironically, the increasing efficacy of chemotherapy leaves growing number of patients alive with chemobrain. Therefore, there is an urgent need for strategies capable of returning cancer survivors back to their pre-morbid quality of life. Molecular mechanisms of chemobrain are largely unknown. Over the last decade there was a lot of emphasis in preclinical research on inflammatory consequences of chemotherapy and oxidative stress but so far none of these approaches were translated into clinical scenario. The co-administration of chemotherapy with protective agents was evaluated preclinically but it should be introduced with caution as potential interference was not yet studied and that could blunt therapeutic efficacy. Stem cell-based regenerative medicine approach has so far been exploited very sparsely in the context of chemobrain and the focus was on indirect mechanisms or neuronal replacement in the hippocampus. However, there is evidence for widespread white matter abnormalities in patients with chemobrain. This is quite logical considering life-long proliferation and turnover of glial cells, which makes them vulnerable to chemotherapeutic agents. Feasibility of glia replacement has been established in mice with global dysmyelination where profound therapeutic effect has been observed but only in case of global cell engraftment (across the entire brain). While global glia replacement has been achieved in mice translation to clinical setting might be challenging due to much larger brain size. Therefore, a lot of attention should be directed towards the route of administration to accomplish widespread cell delivery. Techniques facilitating that broad cell distribution including intra-arterial and intrathecal methods should be considered as very compelling options. Summarizing, chemobrain is a rapidly growing medical problem and global glia replacement should be considered as worthwhile therapeutic strategy.","PeriodicalId":49013,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatry","volume":"9 1 1","pages":"2207-2216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70328619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acupuncture for Non-Verbal Autistic Children: Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"W. Chen, Gang Liu, H. Liu, Z. Huang, S. Yang, Ju Huang, S. Zeng, Jing Huang, Qian Wu","doi":"10.4172/Neuropsychiatry.1000551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/Neuropsychiatry.1000551","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To study the efficacy, safety, and the alterations of brain neurochemical of short-term acupuncture for children with non-verbal autism spectrum disorder. Methods Study design: randomized, simple-blind, controlled trial. Non-verbal autistic children were randomly assigned to acupuncture group (n=24) or control group (n=19). The acupuncture group received 20 sessions for two acupoints on head [Temporal Anterior Oblique (MS6) under 2/5 and Temporal Posterior Oblique (MS7) under 2/5] over 4 weeks. Primary outcome measures comprised of Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), Reynell Developmental Language Scale (RDLS), Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory (PEDI) and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale. Secondary outcome measures included Gesell Development Diagnosis Scale (GDDS)/ Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Fourth edition (WPPSI-IV)/Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth edition (WISC-IV), brain Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and Weekly Parental Report. Results There were significant ameliorations in the self-care (p=0.045) and self-care assistant (p=0.019) domains of PEDI, and CGI-I (p=0.003) in the acupuncture group, in contrast to control group. The significantly better social initiation (P=0.003), receptive language (p=0.002), pointing (p=0.036), imitation (p=0.025), and motor skills (p=0.036) were also revealed, regarding the Weekly Parental Report. As for the brain MRS, the acupuncture group showed significantly decreased the ratio of Choline /Creatine (p=0.037) at the left grey matter of Inferior frontal gurus and increased the concentrations of Creatine (p=0.036) at the right grey matter of superior temporal gurus. Mild side effects of irritability at initial sessions during acupuncture were found. Conclusion A short-term intensive acupuncture for selected points is helpful to improve specific functions of non-verbal autistic children, especially for self-care ability, which may be due to regulating cellular renewal and energy metabolism after acupuncture.","PeriodicalId":49013,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70328700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landau Kleffner Syndrome: An Unusual Case With Progressive Ataxia Prior To Language Regression And Autistic-Like Behaviors","authors":"W. Chen, Si-da Yang, Yuan-yuan Gao, Shuoyan Ning, B. Peng, Ya Ni Zhang, Y. Zhong, Ke-lu Zheng, S. Ou","doi":"10.4172/Neuropsychiatry.1000553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/Neuropsychiatry.1000553","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To report a case with Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) presenting with unusual clinical features. Methods The clinical features of the case including clinical manifestations, serial electroencephalography (EEG) outcomes, neuroimaging findings, neuropsychological outcomes, interventional approaches and long-term follow-up outcomes, were analyzed. Results This previously normal girl (3y10m), presented with progressive ataxia as an onset symptom, ensued with cognitive impairments and language regressions (characterized by verbal auditory agnosia and expressive aphasia), and autistic-like behaviors. She had no evidence of clinical seizures, with normal brain and spine MRI scans, intact auditory exams and normal brain auditory evoked potential, although the sleep- activated inter-ictal epileptiform discharges of EEG were revealed. The patient showed gradual resolution of symptoms with long-term high-dose steroids plus intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) regimens, in consistence with the gradual improvement of the outcomes of serial EEGs. She recovered and returned to normal kindergarten 1y1m after the onset of the disease, consistent with the normal EEG results. Her full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) was 71 score, with verbal IQ 66 and performance IQ 81 respectively, tested at the time of 1y3m after the onset. The long-term prognosis of the case was good as she had good academic performance and was a monitor of the class at the time of her long-term follow-up of 5y8m after the onset. Conclusion LKS is heterogeneity entity, especially for those with the atypical onset such as ataxia, as well as absence of clinical seizures. The combination of long-term high-dose steroid plus IVIG regimens may be especially effective in LKS.","PeriodicalId":49013,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70328780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term But Not Long Term Exercise Ameliorates Depressive Behavior in Mice","authors":"Hiroki Yashima, Ayako Matsushita, K. Kinoshita, Y. Muroi, T. Ishii","doi":"10.4172/NEUROPSYCHIATRY.1000557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/NEUROPSYCHIATRY.1000557","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Voluntary exercise has been reported to reduce depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in an animal model of depressive disorder (DD). However, the degree of appropriate voluntary exercise to improve depression-like behavior remains unknown. In the present study, we examined the effects of two different terms of voluntary exercise, short (3 days)- and long (14 days)-term freewheel running, on depression-like behavior and new cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus (DG) in a DD mouse model generated by exposure to chronic mild stress (CMS), and then compared the antidepressant effects with those of ketamine. Methods Freewheel running was used as the voluntary exercise. DD model mice, which were generated by subjecting mice to CMS for 4 weeks (CMS mice), were allowed free access to a running wheel for 3 or 14 days. Next, we examined the effects of voluntary freewheel running and ketamine on depression-like behavior in CMS mice using the forced-swim test (FST). New cell proliferation in the DG of the hippocampus was immunohistochemically analyzed by enumerating the number of 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled cells following administration of BrdU (100 mg/kg, twice a day for 3 days). Results Short-term freewheel running showed an antidepressant effect in CMS mice in the FST, which was comparable to that of ketamine, but did not affect new cell proliferation in the DG. In contrast, long-term freewheel running increased new cell proliferation in the DG, but did not improve depressive behavior in the FST. Conclusion Short-term but not long-term voluntary exercise in CMS mice resulted in improvement of depression- like behavior similar to antidepressant ketamine, and appeared to be independent of exercise-induced stimulation of new cell proliferation in the DG.","PeriodicalId":49013,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70328934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of the Diagnostic Interview CRIDI -Autism Spectrum Disorders as a Gold Standard for the Assessment of Autism in Latinos and Mexicans","authors":"Lilia Albores Gallo, Jose Juan Escoto Lopez, G. T. Suarez, Belen Carmona Ruiz, Marco Antonio Solis Bravo, Liliana Guadalupe Tapia Guillen, Tania Rizo, Emmanuel Sarmiento Hern, ez, Gabriela Villareal-Valdes, Fern, A. Mir, K. Morales, Isis Suarez Ponce de Leon, Eunice Borrayo Magana, Alej, R. Hern, ez Duarte, America Catalan Nava, Ricardo Escudero Monteverde, Aymara Gatica Hern, Y. Rodriguez, Enrique Navarro Luna, J. Dozal, Marianela Moreno de Ibarra, R. A. Estevez, J. A. Alonzo, Sofia Arce Hern, W. González, J. Granados, Lexma Guerra, L. V. Amado, M. Peretto, J. Salazar","doi":"10.4172/NEUROPSYCHIATRY.1000550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/NEUROPSYCHIATRY.1000550","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To validate the Criteria Diagnostic Interview (CRIDI-ASD/DSM-5), a cost-effective clinical assessment tool for the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in children and adolescents of Mexico, Latin America or Hispanics living in the US. Method The CRIDI-ASD/DSM-5 is a semi-structured observational interview based on the criteria of DSM-5. It consists of questions organized in the two dimensions: 1.- Deficits in social communication and interaction, 2.- Restricted and stereotyped patterns of behavior and interests and unusual sensory reactivity. We conducted an observational, validity study. Results The final sample consisted of 88 children seeking for a diagnosis of autism, or ADHD, between 18 months to 18 years of age. Participants were assessed with ADI-R, MINI-KID, K-SADS, VEANHi and CRIDI-ASD/DSM-5 Interview. Cronbach’s alpha for the total items was 0.91. Interrater reliability for the recorded interviews assessed by two different evaluators (N=40) ranged from ICC 0.74-.99 (M=0.86). Discriminant validity between ASD and ADHD was demonstrated through the t-Student test, showing significant higher mean raw scores for the ASD Group. Kappa coefficients between ASD diagnosis through ADI-R and/or K-SADS and/or Clinical Interview and the dichotomous result (ASD vs. no-ASD) of the CRIDI-ASD/DSM-5 Interview was k=0.82, with a Sensitivity of 92% and Specificity of 95%. Conclusion The CRIDI-ASD/DSM-5 is a valid, brief and cost-effective instrument for the diagnosis of ASD in Spanish-speaking children and adolescents.","PeriodicalId":49013,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70328645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Way of Suppressive Action of Antibodies to Serotonin Modulating Anticonsolidation Protein on Drug Addiction in Rats","authors":"Mekhtiev Aa, Asadova Shm","doi":"10.4172/Neuropsychiatry.1000555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/Neuropsychiatry.1000555","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Analysis of engagement of serotonin-modulating anticonsolidation protein (SMAP) in formation of drug addiction to morphine in self-administration model in the rats via application of the anti-SMAP antibodies.  Methods Indirect ELISA-test, morphine self-administration model, conditioned model of alternative running, conditioned model of instrumental differentiation. Results Upregulation of SMAP by 67% in the brain cingulate cortex of the rats with stable level of morphine intake, while no changes of SMAP level were noticed in hypothalamus. Intramuscular administration of the anti-SMAP antibodies to the rats with stable level of morphine intake leads to significant suppression of morphine consumption for 8 days. Administration of non-immune γ-globulins does not have any effect on morphine consumption. Intra-cerebral administration of the anti-SMAP antibodies leads to significant acceleration and strengthening of memory formation in complicated conditioned alternative running and instrumental differentiation models. Conclusion Application of the anti-SMAP antibodies induces suppression of elaborated drug addiction in the rats, first, through blockade of intra-cellular transduction of serotonin signal in the concerned nervous cells and, second, due to formation of negative memory on inefficacy of lever pressing to get bright positive emotions after morphine self-administration.","PeriodicalId":49013,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70328856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}