Transplantation Reviews最新文献

{"title":"miRNA as potential biomarkers after liver transplantation: A systematic review","authors":"Pia F. Koch ,&nbsp;Kristina Ludwig ,&nbsp;Felix Krenzien ,&nbsp;Karl H. Hillebrandt ,&nbsp;Wenzel Schöning ,&nbsp;Johann Pratschke ,&nbsp;Nathanael Raschzok ,&nbsp;Igor M. Sauer ,&nbsp;Simon Moosburner","doi":"10.1016/j.trre.2024.100831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trre.2024.100831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span>Liver transplantation is a life-saving therapy for end-stage liver disease patients, but </span>acute cellular rejection (ACR) and graft complications remain significant postoperative challenges. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes, but their diagnosis rely currently on invasive biopsy sampling, thus prompting the search for non-invasive Biomarkers. </span>MicroRNA (miRNA) have emerged as promising biomarkers in various pathological conditions, and their potential utility in diagnosing acute cellular rejection after liver transplantation has gained significant interest.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>This systematic review of PubMed, Web of Science, and the </span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg><span> registry analyzes studies exploring miRNA as biomarkers for ACR and graft dysfunction in liver transplantation (PROSPERO ID CRD42023465278). The Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias was employed. Population data, identified miRNA and their dynamic regulation, as well as event prediction were compared. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Thirteen studies were included in this systematic review. Various investigated miRNAs were upregulated in association with acute cellular rejection, like miR-122, miR-155, miR-181, miR-483-3p, and miR-885-5p, demonstrating great biomarker potential. Additionally, several studies conducted target gene analysis, revealing insights into cellular mechanisms linked to ACR. Moreover, various miRNA were also capable of predicting different organ complications following transplantation, expanding their versatility. Remaining challenges include the standardization of miRNA profiling, the need for functional validation, and the necessity for long-term studies.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results highlight the potential of miRNA as specific, non-invasive biomarkers for ACR and graft dysfunction following liver transplantation. However, further research is needed to validate these findings and establish standardized diagnostic panels to incorporate them into clinical practice and explore miRNA-based therapies in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48973,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation Reviews","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 100831"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139487854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of refractory CMV infection with or without antiviral resistance in Spain: A systematic literature review","authors":"J.M. Aguado ,&nbsp;D. Navarro ,&nbsp;C. Montoto ,&nbsp;M. Yébenes ,&nbsp;I. de Castro-Orós","doi":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Solid organ transplantation (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients are susceptible to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The incidence of refractoriness to antivirals, with or without resistance, is unclear. The purpose of this review was to describe the epidemiology of refractory CMV infection in Spain to understand the current unmet needs.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and MEDES were searched systematically for relevant articles. We included randomized controlled trials and observational studies published during the period from January 1990 to June 2021.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>From 212 screened records, we selected 19 papers including 1973 transplant recipients. Refractory infection ranged from 3 to 10% in studies with SOT recipients. The incidence of CMV resistance ranged from 1% to 36% in these patients. The incidence of CMV refractory infection in HSCT recipients ranged from 11 to 50%, while values for resistant infection ranged from 0% to 21%.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The wide range of definitions and values observed does not allow us to establish the true incidence of refractory CMV infection with or without resistances in SOT and HSCT patients in Spain. This review highlights the gap between clinical practice and clinical trials' definitions which needed to be updated to be easier followed in current clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48973,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation Reviews","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 100804"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955470X23000587/pdfft?md5=95d0c3a7473089a433942370afaf425c&pid=1-s2.0-S0955470X23000587-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72212491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"British Transplantation Society guidelines on abdominal organ transplantation from deceased donors after circulatory death","authors":"Benedict Phillips ,&nbsp;Ellie Asgari ,&nbsp;Miriam Berry ,&nbsp;Chris Callaghan ,&nbsp;Miriam Cortes Cerisuelo ,&nbsp;Paul Johnson ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Karydis ,&nbsp;David Nasralla ,&nbsp;Anisa Nutu ,&nbsp;Gabi Oniscu ,&nbsp;Thamara Perera ,&nbsp;Sanjay Sinha ,&nbsp;Andrew Sutherland ,&nbsp;David Van Dellen ,&nbsp;Chris Watson ,&nbsp;Steve White ,&nbsp;Stephen O'Neill","doi":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The British Transplantation Society (BTS) ‘Guideline on transplantation from deceased donors after circulatory death’ has recently been updated and this manuscript summarises the relevant recommendations in abdominal organ transplantation from Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD) donors, encompassing the chapters on liver, kidney, pancreas and islet cell transplantation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48973,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation Reviews","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 100801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955470X23000551/pdfft?md5=afb7709f0a4d3e899e136f32e3860e6b&pid=1-s2.0-S0955470X23000551-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41242864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The British Transplantation Society guidelines on ethics, law and consent in relation to deceased donors after circulatory death","authors":"Greg Moorlock ,&nbsp;Ellie Asgari ,&nbsp;Chris Callaghan ,&nbsp;Heather Draper ,&nbsp;Peter Dupont ,&nbsp;Patty Gilbert ,&nbsp;David Nasralla ,&nbsp;Peter Veitch ,&nbsp;Chris Watson ,&nbsp;Stephen O'Neill","doi":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The British Transplantation Society (BTS) ‘Guideline on transplantation from deceased donors after circulatory death’ has recently been updated and this manuscript summarises the relevant recommendations from chapters specifically related to law, ethics, donor consent and informing the recipient.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48973,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation Reviews","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 100803"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955470X23000575/pdfft?md5=e5777b0b6f91874ca342be5ac81ddeb4&pid=1-s2.0-S0955470X23000575-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary and esophageal function in lung transplantation: Fundamental principles and clinical application","authors":"Andrés R. Latorre-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Deepika Razia ,&nbsp;Ashraf Omar ,&nbsp;Ross M. Bremner ,&nbsp;Sumeet K. Mittal","doi":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The lungs and esophagus have a close anatomical and physiological relationship. Over the years, reflux-induced pulmonary injury has gained wider recognition, but the full effects of pulmonary disease on </span>esophageal function<span> are still unknown. Intrathoracic pressure dynamics potentially affect esophageal function, especially in patients with end-stage lung disease, both obstructive and restrictive. </span></span>Lung transplantation<span><span><span><span> is the only viable option for patients with end-stage pulmonary disease and has provided us with a unique opportunity to study these effects as transplantation restores the intrathoracic environment. Esophageal and foregut functional testing before and after transplantation provide insights into the </span>pathophysiology of the foregut-pulmonary axis, such as how underlying pulmonary disease and intrathoracic pressure changes affect esophageal physiology. This review summarizes the available literature and shares the research experience of a lung transplant center, covering topics such as pre- and posttransplant foregut function, </span>esophageal motility in lung transplant recipients, immune-mediated mechanisms of </span>graft rejection<span><span> associated with gastroesophageal reflux, and the role of </span>antireflux surgery in this population.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48973,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation Reviews","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 100796"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41242865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in preservation of intestinal grafts by oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion","authors":"Shuang Yang ,&nbsp;Wen Hou ,&nbsp;Lei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intestine transplantation (IT) is a critical treatment strategy for irreversible intestinal failure. Among all abdominal solid organ transplants, the intestine was the most vulnerable to ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). The static cold storage (SCS) technique is currently the most commonly used graft preservation method, but its hypoxia condition causes metabolic disorders, resulting in the occurrence of IRI, limiting its application in marginal organs. It is especially important to improve preservation techniques in order to minimize damage to marginal donor organs, which draws more attention to machine perfusion (MP). There has been much debate about whether it is necessary to increase oxygen in these conditions to support low levels of metabolism since the use of machine perfusion to preserve organs. There is evidence that oxygenation helps to restore intracellular ATP levels in the intestine after thermal or cold ischemia damage. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the role of oxygen in maintaining environmental stability in the gut under hypoxic conditions, as well as to investigate the possibilities and mechanisms of oxygen delivery during preservation in intestine transplantation studies and clinical models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48973,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation Reviews","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 100802"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955470X23000563/pdfft?md5=33beba80b0cef6199ae6749a374b64c6&pid=1-s2.0-S0955470X23000563-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61567122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunosuppression for older liver transplant recipients","authors":"Paolo De Simone ,&nbsp;Sara Battistella ,&nbsp;Quirino Lai ,&nbsp;Juri Ducci ,&nbsp;Francesca D'Arcangelo ,&nbsp;Piero Marchetti ,&nbsp;Francesco Paolo Russo ,&nbsp;Patrizia Burra","doi":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Older liver transplant<span> recipients have a lower risk of acute rejection than younger patients (9% for patients aged ≥65 years versus 23% for those aged 18–34 years) and are more vulnerable to immunosuppression-related complications. The number of liver transplant recipients ≥65 years has risen to 22% in Europe and the US, but limited information is available on the optimal </span></span>immunosuppressive regimen for these patients. In this review, we discuss the appropriate management of immunosuppressive agents in older adults to minimize adverse events while avoiding acute rejection. The way the body processes </span>drugs<span><span><span> greatly depends on age. In the case of calcineurin inhibitor drugs, aging reduces hepatic metabolism, leading to changes in their </span>pharmacokinetics. Corticosteroids also show decreased clearance as the patient ages. In severe cases of </span>hypoalbuminemia, dose adjustment of </span></span>mycophenolate<span><span><span> acid derivatives may be necessary. However, the pharmacokinetic profiles of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, </span>basiliximab, and rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin remain unaffected by age. Furthermore, age-related </span>frailty<span> may impact drug metabolism and require tailored interventions and closer follow-up. Although there is limited research, elderly liver transplant recipients require less immunosuppression with double or triple-agent regimens, lower exposure to calcineurin inhibitors, and a shorter course of corticosteroids. The usage of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in older transplant populations has not been specifically investigated, and thus their usage should align with indications for younger patient groups.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48973,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation Reviews","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 100817"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138744608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The applications of ECMO in liver transplant recipients","authors":"Yue Qiu ,&nbsp;Ibtesam Hilmi","doi":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has emerged as a vital instrument for sustaining respiratory and cardiac functions when traditional methods have failed. Its function in managing acute pulmonary and cardiac challenges during liver transplantation (LT) has expanded significantly. While ECMO was initially viewed as a rescue strategy for acute intraoperative or posttransplant complications, its application now also encompasses the pretransplant stage of LT. Our review aims to thoroughly summarize both research and specific cases where ECMO has been utilized across pre- and perioperative phases in liver transplant recipients. By assessing the published literature, we discuss specific indications, the types of ECMO employed, their outcomes, and the unique challenges of applying ECMO during LT. In particular, the pretransplant use of ECMO is increasing, and its prudent introduction prior to LT, supported by meticulous planning, has the potential to optimize patient outcomes. It is challenging to manage liver transplant patients on ECMO. More research and experience are needed to refine the techniques and improve patient outcomes. Furthermore, decision-making must be tailored to each patient's unique circumstances, and a clear, practical, and well-defined plan for subsequent steps is essential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48973,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation Reviews","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 100816"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955470X23000708/pdfft?md5=7d6a58f5af17c54b55c782e65050cf2a&pid=1-s2.0-S0955470X23000708-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138630847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between tacrolimus exposure and tremor, headache and insomnia in adult kidney transplant recipients: A systematic review","authors":"Catherine P. King ,&nbsp;Amelia R. Cossart ,&nbsp;Nicole M. Isbel ,&nbsp;Scott B. Campbell ,&nbsp;Christine E. Staatz","doi":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Tremor, headache and insomnia have been linked to the immunosuppressant, tacrolimus. The aim of this systematic review was to determine if there is a correlation between tacrolimus exposure and new-onset tremor, headache and insomnia experienced by adult kidney transplant recipients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and CINAHL databases were searched up to 11 April 2023 for published studies which reported on tacrolimus exposure in adult kidney transplant recipients, alongside information on treatment-emergent neurologic manifestations, including tremor, headache and insomnia. Review articles, case studies, conference abstracts and articles not published in English in peer-reviewed journals were excluded. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scales were used to assess risk of bias. Extracted data was analysed via a narrative synthesis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Eighteen studies involving 4030 patients in total were included in the final analysis. These comprised five randomised control trials and thirteen observational studies. Studies failed to find significant association between tacrolimus trough concentrations in whole blood and the incidence of neurologic side effects such as tremor, headache and insomnia; however, in one study the incidence of toxicity requiring a dose reduction increased with increasing, supratherapeutic targeted levels. Females, especially Black females, and older age were positively associated with the prevalence of neurologic adverse effects. Results were conflicting regarding whether extended-release formulations were associated with fewer neurologic complications than immediate-release formulations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The varied study designs and criteria for reporting tremor, headache and insomnia impacted on the quality of the data for exploring the relationship between tacrolimus exposure and the onset of neurologic manifestations experienced after kidney transplantation. Studies that examine defined neurologic complications as the primary outcome, and that consider novel markers of tacrolimus exposure while assessing the potential contribution of multiple covariate factors, are required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48973,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation Reviews","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 100815"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955470X23000691/pdfft?md5=fbe925638ee6638f7d56cc782a925b43&pid=1-s2.0-S0955470X23000691-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138563387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in kidney transplantation accessibility among immigrant populations in Europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Pieter A.H. van Overdijk ,&nbsp;Alessandra A. Grossi ,&nbsp;Céline H. van Delft ,&nbsp;Nichon E. Jansen ,&nbsp;Martijn W.F. van den Hoogen ,&nbsp;David Paredes-Zapata","doi":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trre.2023.100814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Disparities in access to healthcare for patients with an immigration background are well-known. The aim of this study was to determine whether disparities among immigrant populations translate into a relative difference in the number of kidney transplants (KT) performed in documented immigrant patients (first and second generation) relative to native-born patients in Europe.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A literature search was performed in PubMed from inception to 11-10-2022. Studies were eligible if: (1) written in English, (2) included immigrant and native-born KT patients, (3) performed in countries registered as Council of Europe members, (4) focused on documented first- and second-generation immigrant populations [1]. Systematic reviews, literature reviews, and case reports or articles about emigration, non-KT, and undocumented immigrants were excluded. The outcome measurement was a relative percentage of KTs to the total population per 100.000 residents. By dividing the immigrant percentages by the native-born resident percentages, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated in a meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed; articles with high risk of bias were excluded in a second meta-analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of 109 articles, 5 were included (<em>n</em> = 24,614). One Italian study (<em>n</em> = 24,174) had a ratio below 1, being 0.910 (95%CI 0.877–0.945). The other four articles (<em>n</em> = 196, <em>n</em> = 283, <em>n</em> = 77, <em>n</em> = 119) had ratios above 1: 1.36 (95%CI 0.980–1.87), 2.04 (95%CI 1.56–2.68), 2.23 (95%CI 1.53–3.25) and 2.64 (95%CI 1.68–4.15). After performing a meta-analysis, the OR did not show a significant difference: 1.68 (95%CI 1.03–2.75). After bias correction, this remained unchanged: 1.78 (95%CI 0.961–3.31).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In our meta-analysis we did not find a significant difference in the relative number of KTs performed in immigrant versus native-born populations in Europe. However, a lesser likelihood for immigrants to receive a pre-emptive kidney transplantation was found. Large heterogeneity between studies (e.g. different sample size, patient origins, study duration, adult vs children patients) was a shortcoming to our analysis. Nevertheless, our article is the first review in this understudied topic. As important questions (e.g. on ethnicity, living donor rate) remain, future studies are needed to address them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48973,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation Reviews","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 100814"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955470X2300068X/pdfft?md5=480447307e98f7b28aa184e54aa1c365&pid=1-s2.0-S0955470X2300068X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138515738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}