Addiction Biology最新文献

{"title":"Machine Learning Classification of Smoking Behaviours-From Social Environment to the Prefrontal Cortex.","authors":"Pablo Reinhardt, Norman Zacharias, Marinus Fislage, Justin Böhmer, Barbara Hollunder, Zala Reppmann, Anton Wiehe, Rebecca Rajwich, Nanne Dominick, Kerstin Ritter, Malek Bajbouj, Thomas Wienker, Jürgen Gallinat, Norbert Thürauf, Johannes Kornhuber, Falk Kiefer, Michael Wagner, Oliver Tüscher, Henrik Walter, Georg Winterer","doi":"10.1111/adb.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adb.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pronounced heterogeneity in smoking trajectories-ranging from occasional or heavy use to successful quitting -highlights substantial interindividual variation within the smoking population. Machine learning is particularly well suited to capture these complex patterns that may be challenging for traditional inferential statistics to uncover. In this study, we applied machine learning to data from a population-based cohort to identify multimodal markers that distinguish smokers from never smokers at baseline and predict long-term cessation success at a 10-year follow-up. We employed 10 times repeated nested cross-validation (10 outer folds, 5 inner folds) to analyse baseline data (T1) from 707 smokers-including 222 heavy smokers (FTND ≥ 4)-and 864 never smokers for smoking status classification. At the 10-year follow-up (T2), we further classified 60 successful quitters (≥ 1 year abstinent) versus 81 non-quitters. Feature importance was assessed using averaged SHAP values derived from test set predictions. Classification models achieved the following performance, expressed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC; mean ± SD): smokers versus never smokers, 0.85 ± 0.03; heavy smokers versus never smokers, 0.92 ± 0.03; and quitters versus non-quitters, 0.68 ± 0.13. SHAP analysis identified markers of frontal functioning, cognitive control and smoking behaviour within the social environment among the most influential predictors of both smoking status and cessation success. In conclusion, our machine learning analyses support a multifactorial model of smoking behaviour and cessation success, which may inform nuanced risk stratification to advance the development of personalized cessation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48966,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 8","pages":"e70056"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12328245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Mesostriatal Intrinsic Connectivity Associated With Cue Exposure in Adult Cannabis Users: Preliminary Findings.","authors":"Natalia M Kleinhans, Garth E Terry, Dahyeon Kang, Sarah F Larsen, Mary E Larimer","doi":"10.1111/adb.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adb.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cue-induced craving-the desire to use a drug triggered by exposure to cues associated with prior use-is a central mechanism in the development and maintenance of problematic substance use behaviours. Drug cues have the power to induce craving even in long-term abstinent individuals, which has led clinicians to advise patients to avoid the people, places and objects that are associated with their use. This preliminary study builds on prior behavioural research that demonstrates that exposure to multimodal drug cues can increase craving even after the drug cues are removed from the environment. We used a novel fMRI paradigm that combined multimodal cannabis cue-exposure with resting-state functional connectivity to examine positive and negative functional connectivity (i.e., correlations and anticorrelations) between the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the striatum, a circuit critically involved in reward processing and addiction. Intrinsic VTA-striatal connectivity was measured in 28 individuals who use cannabis regularly (CU group) and 26 age- and sex-matched controls who had never used cannabis before and after multimodal (visual and olfactory) cannabis cue exposure. Craving was assessed at baseline using the Marijuana Craving Questionnaire-Short Form to test whether VTA-striatal connectivity was correlated with self-reported craving measured prior to the fMRI scan. There were no significant group differences in VTA-striatal connectivity during the baseline resting-state scan. However, following cue exposure, CU participants showed significantly greater VTA-caudate connectivity compared to controls. Further, within the CU group, baseline craving was positively correlated with VTA-striatal connectivity at both time points. Our preliminary findings support prior investigations demonstrating that alterations of mesostriatal connectivity are associated with cannabis use and craving in individuals with problematic cannabis use. In addition, the observation of altered connectivity during the post-cue resting-state scan-after multimodal cannabis cues were removed-suggests a potential neural mechanism by which cue exposure may contribute to relapse vulnerability in individuals with problematic cannabis use.</p>","PeriodicalId":48966,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 8","pages":"e70067"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Exercise Improves Methamphetamine-Induced Impairments in Mouse Learning and Memory Abilities.","authors":"Qiuyue Huang, Jisheng Xu, Xuejie Zhang, Changling Wei, Tianzhen Zheng, Xin Liang, Xue Li","doi":"10.1111/adb.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adb.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methamphetamine (METH) abuse can inflict profound and enduring neurotoxic effects on the brain, culminating in cognitive dysfunction and impairment of learning and memory. Physical exercise can stimulate both structural and functional adaptations in the central nervous system. The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the safeguarding effect and underlying mechanisms of treadmill exercise intervention in the brains of METH-addicted mice. Two-month-old adult mice were randomly assigned into three distinct groups: the control group (Group C), receiving intraperitoneal injections of saline; the METH treatment group (Group Ma), exposed to intraperitoneal METH administration; and the exercise group (Group Ea), which underwent a two-week regimen of treadmill exercise intervention following intraperitoneal METH exposure. The conditioned place preference experiment was executed to evaluate METH addiction. The results showed that both Groups Ma and Ea mice became addicted to METH after METH administration (p < 0.05, n = 6). In the Y-maze experiment, the exploration time of mice in Group Ea in the novel arm was significantly higher than that in Group Ma (p < 0.05, n = 6), indicating that exercise intervention improved the learning and memory capabilities of mice. Subsequently, the mouse brain specimens were harvested for transcriptome sequencing and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis (n = 3). Transcriptome sequencing analysis identified 316 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Group Ma compared to Group C, while 156 DEGs were detected in Group Ea compared to Group Ma. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis outcomes underscored the substantial association of DEGs, discerned in exercise-intervention mice compared to METH-treated mice, with key signalling pathways, notably the PI3K-Akt, mTOR and Wnt signalling pathways, among others. Cross-analysis revealed 43 DEGs in exercise-treated mice, such as NFKBIA, CXCL12 and Vav3. Our results revealed changes in the expression profile of the brain transcriptome of METH-addicted mice and indicated that treadmill exercise intervention affects the expression changes of the brain transcriptome of METH-addicted mice. The above research results provide unique insights into the further study of the mechanism of treadmill exercise intervention in improving the learning and memory abilities of METH-induced mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48966,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 8","pages":"e70077"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-acetylcysteine as a treatment for substance use cravings: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Emma L Winterlind, Samantha G Malone, Michael R Setzer, Mikela A Murphy, David Saunders, Joshua C Gray","doi":"10.1111/adb.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adb.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may serve as a novel pharmacotherapy for substance use and substance craving in individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), possibly through its potential to regulate glutamate. Though prior meta-analyses generally support NAC's efficacy in reducing symptoms of craving, individual trials have found mixed results. The aims of this updated meta-analysis were to (1) examine the efficacy of NAC in treating symptoms of craving in individuals with SUD and (2) explore subgroup differences, risk of bias and publication bias across trials. Database searches of PubMed, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov were conducted in June and July of 2023 to identify relevant randomized control trials (RCTs). The meta-analysis consisted of 9 trials which analysed data from a total of 623 participants. The most targeted substance in the clinical trials was alcohol (3/9; 33.3%), followed by tobacco (2/9; 22.2%) and multiple substances (2/9; 22.2%). Meta-analysis, subgroup analyses and leave-one-out analyses were conducted to examine the treatment effect on craving symptoms and adverse events (AEs). Risk of bias assessments, Egger's tests and funnel plot tests were conducted to examine the risk of bias and publication bias. NAC did not significantly outperform placebo in reducing symptoms of craving in the meta-analysis (SMD = 0.189, 95% CI = -0.015-0.393). Heterogeneity was very high in the meta-analysis (99.26%), indicating that findings may have been influenced by clinical or methodological differences in the study protocols. Additionally, results indicate that there may be publication bias present. Overall, our findings are contrary to those of prior meta-analyses, suggesting a limited impact of NAC on substance craving. However, the high heterogeneity and presence of publication bias identified warrants cautious interpretation of the meta-analytic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48966,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"29 11","pages":"e70001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ethanol on glucagon-stimulated protein phosphorylation in isolated hepatocytes.","authors":"S R Aggarwal,&nbsp;C H Griffiths,&nbsp;K O Lindros,&nbsp;T N Palmer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ethanol has profound acute effects on hepatic metabolism. While many of these effects are mediated via the redox imbalance that accompanies hepatic ethanol oxidation via the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) pathway, there is increasing evidence that ethanol also perturbs hepatic metabolism via its modulation of cyclic AMP-mediated signalling pathways. This paper examines the effects of ethanol on glucagon-stimulated protein phosphorylation using SDS-PAGE to analyse the 32P-labelling of cytosolic peptides in isolated rat hepatocytes pre-equilibrated with 32PO4(3-). We show that ethanol has biphasic effects on glucagon-stimulated protein phosphorylation. At a low concentration (50 mM), ethanol decreased the phosphorylation of certain peptides, whereas at higher concentrations (100-200 mM) it increased the 32P-labelling of all of the eleven glucagon-stimulated cytosolic peptides. The non-metabolizable alcohol 2-methylpyrazole-2-ol had no effects on glucagon-stimulated protein phosphorylation. The ADH inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole at 150 mM ethanol concentration abolished the potentiating effect of ethanol on the glucagon-stimulated phosphorylation of most peptides. In conclusion, the results indicate that ethanol alters glucagon-receptor-dependent protein phosphorylation in isolated hepatocytes via a complex mechanism that is partially dependent on ethanol oxidation via ADH.</p>","PeriodicalId":48966,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"1 4","pages":"415-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24102761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}