Annals of Forest Research最新文献

{"title":"A machine learning approach to model leaf area index in Eucalyptus plantations using high-resolution satellite imagery and airborne laser scanner data","authors":"A. Hirigoyen, Cristina Acosta, Antonio Ariza, Maria Angeles Vero-Martinez, C. Rachid, J. Franco, Rafael Navara-Cerrillo","doi":"10.15287/afr.2021.2073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2021.2073","url":null,"abstract":"As a forest structural parameter, leaf area index (LAI) is crucial for efficient intensive plantation management. Leaf area is responsible for the energy absorption needed for photosynthetic production and transpiration, both affecting growth. Currently, LAI can be estimated either by remote-sensing methods or ground-based methods. However, unlike ground-based methods, remote estimation provides a cost-effective and ecologically significant advance The aim of our study was to evaluate whether machine learning algorithms can be used to quantify LAI, using either optical remote sensing or LiDAR metrics.in Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus grandis stands First, empirical relationships between LAI and remote-sensing data using LiDAR metrics and multispectral high-resolution satellite metrics, were assessed. Selected variables for LAI estimation were: LiDAR forest canopy cover, laser penetration index, and canopy relief ratio - from among the LiDAR data and the green normalized difference vegetation index and normalized difference vegetation index - from among the ground-based data we compared the accuracy of three machine learning algorithms: artificial neural networks (ANN), random forest (RF) and support vector regression (SVR). The coefficient of determination ranged from 0.60, for ANN, to 0.84, for SVR. The SVR regression methods showed the best performance in terms of overall model accuracy and RMSE (0.60). The results show that the remote sensing data applied through machine learning algorithms provide an effective method to estimate LAI in eucalyptus plantations. The methodology proposed is directly applicable for operational forest planning at the landscape level.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46936167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of a feller-buncher productivity: a case study of whole-tree harvesting from Marmara region, Turkey","authors":"Neşe Gülci, Kıvanç Yüksel, S. Gülci, H. Serin, E. Bi̇li̇ci̇, A. Akay","doi":"10.15287/AFR.2020.2033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/AFR.2020.2033","url":null,"abstract":"In fully mechanized forest harvesting systems, tree felling activities are mostly performed by using harvesters or feller-bunchers. In some regions of Turkey, where terrain conditions and stand characteristics are suitable, fully mechanized harvesting systems have been recently practiced by some of the logging contractors as private forest industry demands for large amounts of forest products throughout the year. Thus, performances of these newly practiced harvesting systems should be carefully analyzed in order to implement productive and cost-effective mechanized harvesting systems. In this study, productivity of whole-tree harvesting using a feller-buncher was investigated based on stand parameters including tree height, DBH, and volume. The DBH of the felled trees were divided into four classes (i.e. very small: 16-19 cm, small: 20-23 cm, medium: 24-27 cm and large: 28-31 cm) to investigate the effects of various DBH class on the time consumption of cutting stage and productivity of the feller-buncher. To estimate productivity of feller-buncher in harvesting operation, multiple linear and polynomial regressions were also developed and discussed after the interpretation of diagnostic plots. The results indicated that the average productivity of the feller-buncher was 74.96 m3 /h which was closely related with tree height (r = 0.63), DBH (r = 0.67), and volume (r = 0.67). The average moving time was the most time-consuming stage (60%), followed by cutting (29%) and bunching stages (11%). It was found that DBH classes caused statistically significant (p < 0.05) effects on the time spent on cutting stage and productivity of the feller-buncher. The cutting time and productivity increased from very small to large diameter classes, while bunching time increased from very small to small diameter and then medium diameter to large diameter classes. Polynomial regression had a positive impact on the performance of the estimation model of manually field-measured data based on the error parameters.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42831156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighbourhood-based evidence of tree diversity promotion by beech in an old-growth deciduousconiferous mixed forest (Eastern Carpathians)","authors":"D. Gafta, A. Schnitzler, D. Closset‐Kopp, V. Cristea","doi":"10.15287/afr.2021.2143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2021.2143","url":null,"abstract":"Neighbourhood models are useful tools for understanding the role of positive and negative interactions in maintaining the tree species diversity in mixed forests. Under such a presumption, we aimed at testing several hypotheses concerning the mechanisms of autogenic species coexistence in an old-growth, beech-fir-spruce stand, which is part of the Slătioara forest reserve (Eastern Carpathians). Univariate/bivariate spatial point pattern analyses, the individual tree species-area relationship, the species mingling analysis and generalised linear mixed models of neighbour interference were applied on data concerning the position and allometry of all saplings and trees occurring within a 0.24 ha plot. The monospecific distribution of either beech or spruce saplings did not support the spatial segregation hypothesis. There was no evidence of conspecific negative distance dependence, as no spatial segregation was detected between the saplings and trees of any species. Within 4 m-neighbourhood, the beech saplings appeared as diversity accumulators, which might be indicative of indirect facilitation (e.g., herd protection hypothesis). At tree stage, none of the three species showed either accumulator or repeller patterns in their neighbourhood with respect to sapling species richness. Signals of positive and negative interspecific association were found in tree-sized beech (at scales of 10 to 20 m) and spruce (at scales of 4 to 17 m), respectively. The former, highly interspersed pattern is in accordance with the hypothesis of positive complementary effects, whereas the latter, poorly intermingled pattern is probably linked to the unexpected, positive neighbouring effect of spruce trees on the stem growth of their conspecific saplings. Such self-favouring process might be due to a facilitative below-ground mechanism. Conversely, the beech saplings were suppressed through interference from the neighbouring conspecific trees. The beech appears to be the key promoter of tree species coexistence in the study forest stand, in contrast to the low interspersion of spruce in the overstorey leading to lower local tree diversity.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43916835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of thinning on soil nutrients in a chronosequence of Chinese fir in subtropical Chinaforests","authors":"Jiping Li, Xiaoyu Cao, Yi-ran Wang, Wende Yan, Yuanying Peng, Xiao‐Yong Chen","doi":"10.15287/AFR.2020.2206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/AFR.2020.2206","url":null,"abstract":"Thinning is a common silviculture technology in forestry, but there is considerable uncertainty about the changes of soil nutrients due to thinning practice in different aged forests. The influence of light thinning (reduction of 20% of stand density) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and other mineral elements (N, P, K, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and S), as well as soil pH and soil bulk density were investigated in 6-, 13-, and 23-year-old growth stands of Chinese fir forests in subtropical China. Six 10m ×10m plots (three thinning and three non-thinning plots) were set up in each aged forests. Soil samples were taken from different soil layers from these plots for nutrient analysis. Results showed that SOC increased 59.4, 48.9, and 62.0% in topsoil layer (0-30 cm) in 6, 13, and 23 year-old growth stands, respectively when compared to the control, and the content of N increased by 20.5, 44.6, and 54.1% corresponding after two year post-thinning. In the thinned forests, soil P slightly increased at 6- and 23 year-old growth forests dude to microclimates were improved, and K decreased because of leaching. The response of micronutrients Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn to thinning varied in all examined Chinese fir forests. Thinning decreased soil bulk density and soil pH in 6 and 23 year-old growth stands. Our study provided scientific references for sustainable management of soil nutrients under forest operations in Chinese fir forest ecosystem in subtropical China.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"2 4","pages":"147-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41303760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The anniversary conference \"Structural Components of Forest Ecosystems: ecology, conservation and management\" held in honour of Prof. Nicolae Donita","authors":"E. Fodor, D. Gafta, F. Borlea, I. Biriş","doi":"10.15287/AFR.2020.2239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/AFR.2020.2239","url":null,"abstract":"The celebration of the outstanding personalities of academia is always an occasion to exchange ideas, establish the state of art of a scientific area, and highlight the hallmarks and new paradigms. This was the case of the Anniversary Conference \"Structural Components of Forest Ecosystems: ecology, conservation and management\" held in honour of Prof. Nicolae Doniță, under the generous auspices of the Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine \"King Michael I of Romania\" in Timișoara. The celebrated scientist, Professor Nicolae Doniță (also member of the Romanian Academy of Agricultural and Forest Sciences “Gheorghe-Ionescu Șișești” and, Doctor Honoris Causa of the Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences University of Banat \"King Mihai I of Romania\" and of the University Ștefan cel Mare of Suceava) marked in that occasion his 90th anniversary, surrounded by his fellow scientists, former students and collaborators. Fifty-three participants in the conference honoured the personality and lifetime achievements of one of the most prominent figures among the Romanian forest ecologists, who reshaped the fundamentals of the Romanian silviculture based on the ecosystemic approach. The most consistent section of the conference was dedicated to the presentation of oral communications and posters circumscribed to the conference's central theme. The systemic, holistic paradigm adopted in forest ecology was brought forward in the opening lecture given by Prof. Doniță: “On the formation of the forest ecosystem”. The rest of presentations focused on more specific topics or case studies, of which some are briefly mentioned hereinafter. The old-growth forests in Romania were presented from the perspective of significance for the conservation efforts and various hindrances, with special reference to the integration in the larger European concern raised by climatic change and anthropogenic pressures. The forest dynamics in terms of species composition was employed as a tool for the evaluation of forest naturalness in Bosco Quarto (Gargano, Italy). The overview of tropical monospecific forest plantations brought a close insight into an old and controversial problem related to the balance between economic benefits and biodiversity loss. The study of the complex interactions between herbs and tree saplings in southern Appalachian forests revealed the mediator effects of soil fertility and stand evergreenness. The current status of forest habitats in Romania was summarized by means of the second national report to the European Commission (article 17 in the Habitats Directive). The importance of dead wood preserved in situ was demonstrated by the high diversity of saproxylic beetles within the natural reserve Voievodeasa Forest (North-Eastern Romania). The analysis of data contained in management plans was shown to provide useful information for mitigating the consequences of climatic change by improving the ecological status of forests and enhancing t","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48761166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transpiration of Anatolian black pine and sessile oak forest stands in a sub-humid region of Turkey","authors":"M. Ozcelik, Kamil Sengonul","doi":"10.15287/afr.2021.2047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2021.2047","url":null,"abstract":"Transpiration is a key component of the watershed water budget. Therefore, determining the transpiration of forest stands with different characteristics have been of interest for watershed hydrology and forest management practices in a wide range of environments. The objectives of this study were to compare transpiration of Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) tree stands and to model transpiration based on the measured climatic factors. Stand transpirations were calculated from sap flow measurements made by the trunk heat balance method. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis (PCR) to detect affecting meteorological factors of stand transpiration, and we developed linear regression equations to predict transpiration of pine and oak stands. Mean daily and yearly canopy transpiration (Ec) were 1.05 mm day-1 and 378.3 mm year-1 for the pine stand and 3.52 mm day-1 and 801.7 mm year-1 for the oak stand. There was a highly positive correlation between daily stand transpiration and wind speed, global radiation, air vapour pressure deficit and air temperature, but a negative correlation with relative humidity for both stands. Soil water potential had little effect on stand transpiration. The model equations accounted for 81% of the variations in transpiration for the pine stand and 85% for the oak stand. Therefore, the transpiration of forest stands should be considered for effective vegetation management practices, as model equations to estimate the transpiration of pine and oak stands in the region.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47025859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and prevalence of entomopathogenic fungi (Ascomycota, Hypocreales) in epidemic populations of bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) in spruce forests of the Tatra National Park in Slovakia","authors":"Silvia Hyblerová, Juraj Medo, M. Barta","doi":"10.15287/AFR.2020.2152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/AFR.2020.2152","url":null,"abstract":"Bark beetles are serious pests for forestry in Slovakia. Their outbreaks may have significant ecological and economic impacts on spruce forests. Effective control of bark beetles is difficult due to their cryptic habits, however, microbial control using entomopathogenic fungi is believed to be a promising alternative to traditional control measures. During 2014–2015, diversity and prevalence of entomopathogenic fungi was studied in populations of bark beetles infesting spruce forests affected by windstorms in the Tatra National Park in Slovakia. Three Beauveria species, B. bassiana , B. caledonica and B. pseudobassiana , together with Metapochonia bulbillosa were identified from 271 specimens of three bark beetle species, Ips typographus , Ips amitinus and Pityogenes chalcographus . Beauveria bassiana was the predominant pathogen and infected all three bark beetle species. Phylogenetic analysis identified three phylogenetic groups of B. bassiana in the evaluated host populations. M. bulbillosa was reported for the first time from bark beetle hosts and Slovakia. The prevalence of fungal infection in natural populations of I. typographus was low and varied between 0.07 and 0.72%.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"64 1","pages":"129-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42863934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transpiration of Anatolian black pine and sessile oak forest stands in a sub-humid region of Turkey","authors":"M. Özçelik, K. Şengönül","doi":"10.15287/AFR.2020.2047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/AFR.2020.2047","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives of this study were to compare transpiration of Anatolian black pine ( Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) and sessile oak ( Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl) tree stands and modelling stand transpiration based on the measured climatic factors. Stand transpirations were calculated from sap flow measurements made by the trunk heat balance method. Mean daily and yearly canopy transpirations (E c ) were 1.05 mm day -1 and 378.3 mm year -1 for the pine stand and 3.52 mm day -1 and 801.7 mm year -1 for the oak stand, respectively. There was a highly positive correlation between daily stand transpiration and wind speed, global radiation, air vapour pressure deficit and air temperature, but a negative correlation with relative humidity for both stands. Soil water potential had little effect on stand transpiration. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis (PCR) to detect effective meteorological factors of stand transpiration and to develop linear regression equations for predicting transpiration of pine and oak stands. The model equations accounted to 81% of the variations in transpiration for pine stand and 85% for oak stand. Transpiration of forest stands should be considered for effective vegetation management practices and the model equations can be used to estimate transpiration of pine and oak stands in the region.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"64 1","pages":"111-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49617643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of valuable oak wood in Europe","authors":"H. Spiecker","doi":"10.15287/AFR.2020.2207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/AFR.2020.2207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Branch free wood of large dimension of pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur L.) and sessile oak ( Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) is highly valued, while small sized and low quality oak timber generate little income. This paper describes how large dimensions of branch free wood can be produced by applying adequate silvicultural measures. The results are based on measurements of oak trees in various regions in Germany and in Denmark. Two management phases are distinguished: In phases 1 pruning is emphasized and at the beginning of phase 2 future crop trees are selected and the diameter growth of these trees is promoted. The resulting guidelines provide a quantitative basis for objective-oriented oak management.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"64 1","pages":"5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49037597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of various growth functions for predicting long-term stand development associated with different initial spacing in 64-year-old Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don) plantations","authors":"Chen-Yu Shih, T. Yen, Ya-nan Wang","doi":"10.15287/AFR.2020.1989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15287/AFR.2020.1989","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing a plantation with varied distances between trees is one way to control stand density. Understanding how stand growth patterns are influenced by initial spacing can help maximize growth and yield. The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term effects of different patterns of initial tree spacing on stand development. A spacing trial with 5 initial distances, namely, treatments I: 1×1 m, II: 2×2 m, III: 3×3 m, IV: 4×4 m and V: 5×5 m, was installed in 1950 on Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica ) plantations in central Taiwan, managed by the Experimental Forest of National Taiwan University. Each treatment had 3 repeated plots, and all the plots were surveyed from 1955 to 2014, with 8 records for each time series. We simultaneously employed 6 growth functions to predict stand basal area growth for each plot and assessed their predictability using the root mean square error (RMSE) as a criterion. Consequently, a total of 15 plots covering all the treatments, each with 6 RMSEs resulting from various models, were obtained. The repeated measures analysis of variance approach was adopted to compare predictability among models. The Richards growth function stood out from all the other models. As a result, this model was used to analyze stand development following different initial spacing. We found that the predicted curves could effectively exhibit the growth patterns resulting from different initial spacing. Moreover, the parameters help explain some characteristics of stand development, such as the growth potential and the maximum growth rate achieved ( t max ). As a result, a clear trend emerged, showing that the growth potential increased, whereas the tmax decreased with decreasing initial spacing. These results provided valuable information for managing the stand density of this conifer.","PeriodicalId":48954,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Research","volume":"64 1","pages":"87-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47999923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}