Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria to Improve the Biochemical Properties and Development of Wheat Seedlings under Drought Stress Control","authors":"Prashant Gigaulia, K. Tantwai, Swapnil Sapre, Surabhi Pandey, Amit Kumar Upadhyay, Sushma Nema","doi":"10.56557/jogae/2024/v16i18528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jogae/2024/v16i18528","url":null,"abstract":"The most significant cereal crop is wheat, which ranks third among the world's most demanding staple crops after rice and maize. Temperate climates with moderate rainfall are ideal for growing it. Under the current changing climate, abiotic stress conditions, particularly drought conditions, have a significant impact on wheat crop productivity. Plants under drought stress have less water accessible to them, which slows down germination, growth, and yield. In this study, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is used to boost the drought tolerance capability of the wheat plant. PGPR isolate KD-3B strain is used to investigate the plant growth characteristic such as, mineral solubilization (zinc, phosphate, and potassium), ammonia production, indole acetic acid (IAA), and the enzyme 1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Moreover, the plant showed drought tolerance at polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% (w/v). Wheat seedlings were exposed to both normal and drought conditions when they interacted with the KD-3B bacterial strain, which possesses many features that promote plant development. In comparison to growth in a non-PEG condition, this strain is tested for relative growth up to 41.05% in a 25% PEG concentration. When inoculum of KD-3B bacterial strain used under normal and drought conditions, the relationship between microbes and plants was examine in wheat seedlings grown under hydroponic condition. Under drought stress condition significant changes were observed in the morphological and biochemical conditions of seedlings. This research concluded that, in drought stress condition, PGPR KD-3B strain inoculated seedlings showed increased chlorophyll content, TSS content, malondialdehyde concentration and decreased proline, H2O2 content, SOD and POD activities, as compared to the negative control seedlings. The PGPR stain KD-3B improved their biochemical and physiological parameters and plant microbe interaction decreased the deleterious effect of drought on wheat seedlings.","PeriodicalId":488813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139804158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria to Improve the Biochemical Properties and Development of Wheat Seedlings under Drought Stress Control","authors":"Prashant Gigaulia, K. Tantwai, Swapnil Sapre, Surabhi Pandey, Amit Kumar Upadhyay, Sushma Nema","doi":"10.56557/jogae/2024/v16i18528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jogae/2024/v16i18528","url":null,"abstract":"The most significant cereal crop is wheat, which ranks third among the world's most demanding staple crops after rice and maize. Temperate climates with moderate rainfall are ideal for growing it. Under the current changing climate, abiotic stress conditions, particularly drought conditions, have a significant impact on wheat crop productivity. Plants under drought stress have less water accessible to them, which slows down germination, growth, and yield. In this study, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is used to boost the drought tolerance capability of the wheat plant. PGPR isolate KD-3B strain is used to investigate the plant growth characteristic such as, mineral solubilization (zinc, phosphate, and potassium), ammonia production, indole acetic acid (IAA), and the enzyme 1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Moreover, the plant showed drought tolerance at polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% (w/v). Wheat seedlings were exposed to both normal and drought conditions when they interacted with the KD-3B bacterial strain, which possesses many features that promote plant development. In comparison to growth in a non-PEG condition, this strain is tested for relative growth up to 41.05% in a 25% PEG concentration. When inoculum of KD-3B bacterial strain used under normal and drought conditions, the relationship between microbes and plants was examine in wheat seedlings grown under hydroponic condition. Under drought stress condition significant changes were observed in the morphological and biochemical conditions of seedlings. This research concluded that, in drought stress condition, PGPR KD-3B strain inoculated seedlings showed increased chlorophyll content, TSS content, malondialdehyde concentration and decreased proline, H2O2 content, SOD and POD activities, as compared to the negative control seedlings. The PGPR stain KD-3B improved their biochemical and physiological parameters and plant microbe interaction decreased the deleterious effect of drought on wheat seedlings.","PeriodicalId":488813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139864090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profitability of Palm Oil Marketers in Delta State","authors":"Emmanuel Matthew, Emaziye Peter Otunaruke","doi":"10.56557/jogae/2024/v16i18523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jogae/2024/v16i18523","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyzed profitability of oil palm marketers and data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire. Multistage sampling procedure was used to collect data from 108 oil palm marketers which was analyzed using descriptive statistics and gross budgetary analysis. It was revealed that oil palm marketing was dominated with active married and well experience marketers with a relatively moderate family size. However, majority of the palm oil marketers were female that were found not highly educated as majority of them only attained secondary education. The major source of fund for the marketers is cooperative societies which account for about 61.1%. Marketers were involved in the distribution of palm oil in whole sale (58.3%) and retail (41.7) basis respectively. The research concluded from benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 1.23 that palm oil marketing was profitable. It is recommended that males should be encouraged to involve in the business and loans with low interest rate should be provided by the government or NGOs to palm oil marketers.","PeriodicalId":488813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139868025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profitability of Palm Oil Marketers in Delta State","authors":"Emmanuel Matthew, Emaziye Peter Otunaruke","doi":"10.56557/jogae/2024/v16i18523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jogae/2024/v16i18523","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyzed profitability of oil palm marketers and data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire. Multistage sampling procedure was used to collect data from 108 oil palm marketers which was analyzed using descriptive statistics and gross budgetary analysis. It was revealed that oil palm marketing was dominated with active married and well experience marketers with a relatively moderate family size. However, majority of the palm oil marketers were female that were found not highly educated as majority of them only attained secondary education. The major source of fund for the marketers is cooperative societies which account for about 61.1%. Marketers were involved in the distribution of palm oil in whole sale (58.3%) and retail (41.7) basis respectively. The research concluded from benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 1.23 that palm oil marketing was profitable. It is recommended that males should be encouraged to involve in the business and loans with low interest rate should be provided by the government or NGOs to palm oil marketers.","PeriodicalId":488813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology","volume":"99 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139808248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-extension Demonstration of Soil Test Based NPS Fertilizer Recommendation under Lime Application for Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Horo Distric at Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Mintesinot Desalegn, Chaltu Regasa., Temesgen Chimdesa., Chalsissa Tekala","doi":"10.56557/jogae/2024/v16i18521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jogae/2024/v16i18521","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is a major crop produced in Ethiopian high lands and in particularly in study area, which is a staple food crop. Soil nutrient depletion restrains agricultural crop production and economic growth. A major challenge on recommendations on the amount and type of fertilizers to applied in the country level and in the study area. Soil test based phosphorous calibration study was conducted on bread wheat for three consecutive years for determination of the values of critical level phosphorus (10 ppm) and phosphorus requirement factor (11.03 kg/ha) in Horo District. This District was selected purposively based on potential Bread wheat production. Due to Ethiopia begun to use NPS fertilizer recently, Optimum NPS fertilizer rate for bread wheat production was determined in Horo District. In order to gain confidence in the diffusion of technology to end users, a pre-extension demonstration of the NPS fertilizer recommended rate for bread wheat based on soil tests was completed in the Horo district. The goal of this demonstration was to allow farmers to participate and test the technology during the 2020–21 cropping season. There were two treatments presented: a blanket recommendation and 100% phosphorous critical NPS at optimum nitrogen (46 kg/ha). The research findings were that the soil test crop-based NPS fertilizer rate application from 100% phosphorous critical NPS at optimum nitrogen (46 kg/ha) was recommended for the production of bread wheat in the Horo district. The analysis of variance indicated that, the highest grain yield (4110 kg/ha) was obtained from the application of Soil Test based NPS fertilizer recommendation (STBFR) whereas the lowest grain yield 3322.67 kg/ha from the blanket fertilizer recommendation. The economic analysis also revealed that the maximum net benefit 87089.40 Ethiopia Birr was obtained from STBFR. Soil test based NPS fertilizer recommendation was economically feasible and the highest Marginal rate of return and net income were obtained from soil test based fertilizer recommendation. Therefore, 100% Pc from NPS and Nitrogen 46 kg/ ha fertilizer rate recommended for bread wheat production and productive in the study area. Further scaling up/out the technology to reach more produced in the same soil type and agro ecology in particularly Eastern Wollega Zone and Horo district.","PeriodicalId":488813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology","volume":"3 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-extension Demonstration of Soil Test Based NPS Fertilizer Recommendation under Lime Application for Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Horo Distric at Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Mintesinot Desalegn, Chaltu Regasa., Temesgen Chimdesa., Chalsissa Tekala","doi":"10.56557/jogae/2024/v16i18521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jogae/2024/v16i18521","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is a major crop produced in Ethiopian high lands and in particularly in study area, which is a staple food crop. Soil nutrient depletion restrains agricultural crop production and economic growth. A major challenge on recommendations on the amount and type of fertilizers to applied in the country level and in the study area. Soil test based phosphorous calibration study was conducted on bread wheat for three consecutive years for determination of the values of critical level phosphorus (10 ppm) and phosphorus requirement factor (11.03 kg/ha) in Horo District. This District was selected purposively based on potential Bread wheat production. Due to Ethiopia begun to use NPS fertilizer recently, Optimum NPS fertilizer rate for bread wheat production was determined in Horo District. In order to gain confidence in the diffusion of technology to end users, a pre-extension demonstration of the NPS fertilizer recommended rate for bread wheat based on soil tests was completed in the Horo district. The goal of this demonstration was to allow farmers to participate and test the technology during the 2020–21 cropping season. There were two treatments presented: a blanket recommendation and 100% phosphorous critical NPS at optimum nitrogen (46 kg/ha). The research findings were that the soil test crop-based NPS fertilizer rate application from 100% phosphorous critical NPS at optimum nitrogen (46 kg/ha) was recommended for the production of bread wheat in the Horo district. The analysis of variance indicated that, the highest grain yield (4110 kg/ha) was obtained from the application of Soil Test based NPS fertilizer recommendation (STBFR) whereas the lowest grain yield 3322.67 kg/ha from the blanket fertilizer recommendation. The economic analysis also revealed that the maximum net benefit 87089.40 Ethiopia Birr was obtained from STBFR. Soil test based NPS fertilizer recommendation was economically feasible and the highest Marginal rate of return and net income were obtained from soil test based fertilizer recommendation. Therefore, 100% Pc from NPS and Nitrogen 46 kg/ ha fertilizer rate recommended for bread wheat production and productive in the study area. Further scaling up/out the technology to reach more produced in the same soil type and agro ecology in particularly Eastern Wollega Zone and Horo district.","PeriodicalId":488813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology","volume":"43 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139809970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement the Quality and Productivity of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Using Some Bio Stimulant Applications under Saline Soil Conditions","authors":"Eman H. Abd ElAzeiz, Enas E. Yousif, W. S. Elbatrawy","doi":"10.56557/jogae/2024/v16i18507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jogae/2024/v16i18507","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is one of the most serious and significant challenges facing the agricultural sector. It directly damages soil irrecoverably and negatively affects the quality and productivity of many crops. Priming is a process of seeds treatment with a rapid soaking with drying the seeds before setting, using for regulating the germination process by managing and regulating the temperature and seed moisture content. Priming involves advancing the seed to enable fast and uniform emergence. Once, field’s condition (temperature and moisture) is appropriate, germination occurs in a much shorter time. Several benefits to seed priming, and they include: faster speed of emergence, enables seed to germinate and emerge even under adverse agro-climatic conditions, improves uniformity to optimize harvesting efficiency, increases vigor for fast and strong plant development and increases yield potential. Hence, how to use priming is still a challenge that remains to be solved. This experiment was carried out in two winter seasons 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 at Tag El-Ezz Research Station ARC in Egypt, using canola (Brassica napus L.) var. Serw 4 with adding two potassium humate treatments (zero as control and 2 kg.fed-1) as main plots, two selenium applying methods (priming and foliar) as sub main plot and four rates of selenium application (zero as control, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 ppm) as sub sub-plots and their interactions on canola plant growth, yield and yield components. Some chemical composition and oil percentages in canola seeds were analyzed. After harvest, soil's available N, P and K were determined. Results could be summarized as follow: Humate applied at 2 kg. fed-1 increased chlorophyl (a+b) by 3.84%, yield by 8.65% and oil content by 1.76% comparing with the control. Humate application alleviates adverse effect of salinity stress and maximize oil yield comparing with without humate application. Priming is more effective than foliar application. Selenium application at 1.5 ppm is the superior rate followed by 3.0 ppm, control and 4.5 ppm at the least. The interactions between humate and Canola seed priming in 1.5 ppm selenium mitigate the harmful effect of soil salinity on Canola and increased yield, productivity and quality.","PeriodicalId":488813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology","volume":"381 1-3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140503080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Diversity Analysis Among Indian Barnyard Millet [Echinochloa frumentacea (L)] Genotypes Using RAPD Markers","authors":"Bidisha Roy, S. Tiwari, Niraj Tripathi, V. V. Thakur","doi":"10.56557/jogae/2024/v16i18506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jogae/2024/v16i18506","url":null,"abstract":"Forty eight Echinochloa frumentacea genotypes were subjected to amplification with 40 RAPD primers. Initially a total of 65 RAPD primers were screened for amplification out of them 40 decamer primers amplified 182 RAPD marker loci. Out of 182 alleles, 170 (93.40%) were found to be polymorphic and remaining 12 were monomorphic. On average, 4.55 alleles per primer and 4.25 polymorphic alleles per primer were obtained. Specific alleles were amplified by the primers OPN-3, OPN-7 and OPN-13 separating concerned genotype or accession from the remaining. Two clusters of genotypes were formed during cluster analysis. First cluster contained 47 genotypes that were divided into two subgroups, the first subgroup ‘A’ contained four genotypes and subgroup ‘B’ of 43 genotypes. Subgroup B was further classified into Subgroup C contained one genotype and Subgroup D contained 42 genotypes. Minor group (Group 1) contained only one genotype PCGB 27. According to Jaccard’s similarity coefficient, highest similarity was between PCGB 39 and PCGB 40 (93.3%). The highest genetic diversity was observed between PCGB 3 and PCGB 45 (45.5%). These genotypes may be used as diverse parents for future breeding programmes for Barnyard millet improvement.","PeriodicalId":488813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140513624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threats and Challenges to Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in India: Implications for Agricultural Extension","authors":"Himanshu Sahu, Arun Pratap Mishra, Preeti Jakhwal, Pooja Purohit","doi":"10.56557/jogae/2023/v15i38470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jogae/2023/v15i38470","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture, rooted in ancient civilizations, has shaped the course of human history. India, currently holding the second global position in farm output, witnesses over 50% of its workforce engaged in agriculture, contributing approximately 17-18% to the GDP in 2018. The agricultural and allied sectors constituted 15.4% of the GDP in 2016. India stands as the largest producer of fresh fruits, including mango, guava, papaya, and lemon, as per FAO 2014 statistics. Moreover, it ranks second globally in the production of dry fruits, textiles, pulses, fish, and vegetables. Cash crops like coffee and cotton have also played a pivotal role, with India ranking fifth in their production in 2010. Undeniably, agriculture is a cornerstone of India's economy. Despite India's prowess as a major exporter, consumer, and advocate of agriculture, the sector grapples with multifaceted challenges, significantly impacting rural development initiatives. Pressing issues include water scarcity, poverty, challenges in natural resource management, and environmental concerns. The complex interplay of factors, such as population growth, lack of information and awareness, limited technological knowledge, and the suboptimal implementation of agricultural programs in rural areas, further compounds these challenges. This article endeavors to meticulously identify the agricultural sector's predicaments, explore viable farm management solutions, and underscore the critical role of effective agricultural extension services in attaining sustainable yields and fostering rural development in the nation.","PeriodicalId":488813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology","volume":"36 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138967824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Exploration and Utilization of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Genetic Resource in Its Center of Origin","authors":"Desalegn Alemayehu, T. Benti, Lemi Beksisa, Dawit Merga, Admikew Getaneh, Fekadu Tefera, Melaku Addisu","doi":"10.56557/jogae/2023/v15i28469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jogae/2023/v15i28469","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee, which is the most popular soft drink in the world, belongs to the genus Coffea in the Rubiaceae family. About 124 species are known in this genus, whereas Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora are the two most widely cultivated species worldwide. Coffea arabica is the only tetraploid species in the genus coffea and is self-fertile, while other species are diploid and generally self-incompatible. Ethiopia is the center of origin and diversity for arabica coffee, which is the only species cultivated in the country. The availability of wide genetic variability among the indigenous coffee and the diverse agro-ecologies in the country provided immense possibilities to improve the crop for desirable agronomic and breeding interest traits. Cognizant of this and the occurrence of coffee berry disease (CBD) in Ethiopia for the first time, a coffee breeding program was initiated in the 1970’s aiming at exploiting the available genetic diversity and developing productive varieties combining disease resistance, best quality, and other desirable characteristics. Coffee genetic resource collection, characterization, evaluation, conservation and genetic studies are among the major breeding activities undertaken so far by designing and implementing different breeding strategies following the conventional breeding approach. So far, outstanding achievements have been recorded in collecting 7130 germplasm accessions, generating basic information on the genetics aspects, and developing 44 improved varieties of which seven are F1 hybrids and identifying 149 elite promising genotypes for further evaluation to develop and release a new varieties. Extensive collection of coffee genetic resources from unaddressed areas, and application of molecular breeding techniques such as marker-assisted selection and breeding for stress tolerance, among others, would be the main focus areas of future coffee breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":488813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology","volume":"50 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}